We set out to explore the connection between serum vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our thorough investigation involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, including 12 case-control studies and a cross-sectional study. This comprehensive analysis incorporated data from a total of 839 children suffering from UTIs and 929 healthy controls.
Through our analysis, we observed that children diagnosed with UTIs had notably lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to healthier counterparts. The findings indicated that low vitamin D levels were indeed associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a UTI, with a significant increase in this risk for children whose vitamin D levels fell below 20 ng/mL. Specifically, children with vitamin D levels under this threshold had a much higher risk of developing UTIs.
Overall, our review strengthens the case for considering vitamin D levels as a potential risk factor in urinary tract infections among children, especially when those levels drop below the critical point.
Read More
8
Vitamin D deficiency linked to UTIs
The Association Between Vitamin D and Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study.
We set out to explore the link between vitamin D deficiency and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our research included a well-defined case-control study with children aged one to five years. We compared 82 children experiencing their first febrile UTI to 82 healthy peers.
By measuring vitamin D levels in their blood, we found that children suffering from UTIs had significantly lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. The average level in the UTI group was 24.27 ng/mL, while the control group had a healthier average of 31.97 ng/mL. Alarmingly, we discovered that 41.5% of the children with UTIs were vitamin D deficient compared to just 2.2% in the healthy group.
Our study indicates that low vitamin D levels may indeed be a risk factor for UTIs in young children. This finding sheds light on an important aspect of pediatric health that could lead to better prevention strategies for these infections.
Read More
8
Vitamin D deficiency increases UTI risk
Association of Posttransplant Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Late-Onset Infections Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Wisconsin Allograft Recipient Database (WisARD).
We explored the link between vitamin D levels and late-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) among kidney transplant recipients. Our study analyzed data from 2,207 individuals who had measurements of their vitamin D levels after transplantation.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Digestive improvement
20 people found this helpful
These baby drops are of very high quality, containing vitamin D as well. They helped relieve my child's colic, with noticeable improvements in digestive function. I would recommend them to everyone!
Read More
7.5
Tangible improvement noted
1 people found this helpful
High-quality, natural ingredients; the taste isn't unpleasant, and my child drinks it without issues. I administer it once a day, which is convenient as the size is manageable and the packaging is robust. The benefits are substantial, with noticeable improvements within the first week. All mediators recommended this product, and I struggled to find it for a long time.
Read More
9
Stronger immune system
The best probiotic for children from birth: BioGaia drops. This Swedish probiotic helps alleviate dysbiosis and restores gastrointestinal microflora, reducing issues such as colic, constipation, and regurgitation in infants. It strengthens the immune system as well. Although the package is small and empties quickly, we've noticed definite benefits, even when using a slightly lower dosage than recommended. Based on my paediatrician's advice and its neutral taste, it’s a great choice.
Association of Posttransplant Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Late-Onset Infections Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Wisconsin Allograft Recipient Database (WisARD).
We explored the link between vitamin D levels and late-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) among kidney transplant recipients. Our study analyzed data from 2,207 individuals who had measurements of their vitamin D levels after transplantation.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's role in UTIs
Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels in Children with Urinary Tract Infection without Confounding Factors: A Case-Control Study.
We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. In our study, we assessed the serum vitamin D and zinc levels among two groups: 40 healthy children and 40 children suffering from UTIs, ensuring that no other health factors influenced the results.
Our findings revealed a stark difference between the groups. A staggering 80% of the children with UTIs had vitamin D deficiency, compared to only 17.5% in the healthy group. This significant gap raised an interesting question: could low vitamin D levels contribute to the likelihood of developing UTIs in children?
We also noted that low zinc levels paralleled vitamin D deficiency, with 60% of UTI patients showing zinc insufficiency compared to just 17.5% in the healthy cohort. This observation suggests that both nutrients might be crucial for maintaining a healthy immune response, particularly in young children.
Overall, our study highlights the potential importance of addressing vitamin D levels in children prone to UTIs. Supplementing with vitamin D and zinc could become a vital strategy in not only treating infections but also preventing future occurrences.
Read More
8
Vitamin D linked to UTIs
The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
We set out to explore the connection between serum vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our thorough investigation involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, including 12 case-control studies and a cross-sectional study. This comprehensive analysis incorporated data from a total of 839 children suffering from UTIs and 929 healthy controls.
Through our analysis, we observed that children diagnosed with UTIs had notably lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to healthier counterparts. The findings indicated that low vitamin D levels were indeed associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a UTI, with a significant increase in this risk for children whose vitamin D levels fell below 20 ng/mL. Specifically, children with vitamin D levels under this threshold had a much higher risk of developing UTIs.
Overall, our review strengthens the case for considering vitamin D levels as a potential risk factor in urinary tract infections among children, especially when those levels drop below the critical point.
Read More
8
Vitamin D deficiency linked to UTIs
The Association Between Vitamin D and Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study.
We set out to explore the link between vitamin D deficiency and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our research included a well-defined case-control study with children aged one to five years. We compared 82 children experiencing their first febrile UTI to 82 healthy peers.
By measuring vitamin D levels in their blood, we found that children suffering from UTIs had significantly lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. The average level in the UTI group was 24.27 ng/mL, while the control group had a healthier average of 31.97 ng/mL. Alarmingly, we discovered that 41.5% of the children with UTIs were vitamin D deficient compared to just 2.2% in the healthy group.
Our study indicates that low vitamin D levels may indeed be a risk factor for UTIs in young children. This finding sheds light on an important aspect of pediatric health that could lead to better prevention strategies for these infections.
Read More
8
Vitamin D deficiency linked to UTIs
The serum vitamin D levels in children with urinary tract infection: a case-control study.
We conducted a study to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. This case-control research involved 80 children, aged between 1 and 12 years, who had been diagnosed with UTIs. For every child in the UTI group, we matched a control child of the same age and sex who did not have a UTI.
We measured the serum vitamin D levels using a method called ELISA. The results were telling. Our findings revealed that children with UTIs had significantly lower levels of vitamin D compared to their healthy peers. In fact, the odds of having a UTI were more than three times greater for those with low vitamin D levels.
Interestingly, we observed that this connection was particularly pronounced in female children. They showed an even higher risk of UTI when their vitamin D levels were low. As for male children, we didn't find a significant difference in vitamin D levels between those with UTIs and those without.
Our conclusions highlight a vital relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of UTIs in children. Not only does vitamin D deficiency appear to increase the risk of UTIs, but female gender also seems to be a prominent risk factor.
These baby drops are of very high quality, containing vitamin D as well. They helped relieve my child's colic, with noticeable improvements in digestive function. I would recommend them to everyone!
Read More
7.5
Tangible improvement noted
1 people found this helpful
High-quality, natural ingredients; the taste isn't unpleasant, and my child drinks it without issues. I administer it once a day, which is convenient as the size is manageable and the packaging is robust. The benefits are substantial, with noticeable improvements within the first week. All mediators recommended this product, and I struggled to find it for a long time.
Read More
9
Stronger immune system
The best probiotic for children from birth: BioGaia drops. This Swedish probiotic helps alleviate dysbiosis and restores gastrointestinal microflora, reducing issues such as colic, constipation, and regurgitation in infants. It strengthens the immune system as well. Although the package is small and empties quickly, we've noticed definite benefits, even when using a slightly lower dosage than recommended. Based on my paediatrician's advice and its neutral taste, it’s a great choice.
Read More
2
No effect seen
I purchased this for my baby due to gastrointestinal issues, hoping it would normalise hard stools, but unfortunately, it did not work. Despite the high price, I expected better results but did not notice any effect. The small tube runs out quickly as well.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can affect any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection, known as cystitis, which can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as a frequent urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine. In more severe cases, a UTI can ascend to the kidneys, potentially leading to more serious complications. While UTIs can occur in anyone, they are particularly prevalent among women due to anatomical differences that make it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
The main cause of UTIs is the introduction of bacteria, often from the digestive tract, into the urethra. Risk factors may include sexual activity, certain types of birth control, and urinary retention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and in many cases, symptoms may begin to resolve within a few days of starting the medication. Staying well-hydrated, wiping front to back after using the restroom, and urinating after intercourse are some preventive measures to help reduce the risk of developing a UTI.
Children's probiotics are dietary supplements specifically formulated to provide beneficial bacteria that support digestive health and the immune system in children. These probiotics contain various strains of live microorganisms, often including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are known to help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in children's overall health, influencing their digestion, immune function, and even mood. Many parents turn to children's probiotics to help address issues like constipation, diarrhea, or colic, as well as to support their child’s immunity, especially during cold and flu season.
When selecting a children's probiotic, it’s essential to consider factors such as the specific strains included, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs), and whether it is tailored to your child's specific health needs. Probiotics can come in various forms, including powders, gummies, and liquids, making them easy to administer to little ones. However, it’s always advisable to consult a pediatrician before starting any new supplement regime for your child, as they can provide personalized recommendations based on the child's health history and current needs.
While the effectiveness of children's probiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) can vary based on several factors, most users report observing improvements within a few days to two weeks after starting a regimen. It's important to note that individual responses can differ based on the specific strain of probiotic used, the child's overall health, and the severity of the UTI. Probiotics are typically intended to support gut health and boost the immune system, which can indirectly help in preventing future UTIs rather than treating an active infection outright.
If your child is experiencing symptoms of a UTI, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive treatment approach. Probiotics may serve as a supplementary measure alongside prescribed medications. Additionally, maintaining proper hydration and practicing good hygiene can further contribute to urinary tract health. Always keep an eye on any changes in symptoms during the course of probiotic use and consult your pediatrician for personalized advice.
The evidence suggests that vitamin D may have a connection to urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly among children and women. A study focusing on kidney transplant recipients found that lower vitamin D levels significantly increased the risk of late-onset UTIs, with a more than twofold increase for those who were vitamin D deficient [1]. Similarly, multiple studies outlined a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of UTIs in children, indicating that inadequate vitamin D levels could contribute to a higher likelihood of developing infections [3], [4]. Alarmingly, up to 80% of children with UTIs in one study were found to have vitamin D deficiency compared to just 17.5% among healthy peers [3].
While some studies indicate that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may help in preventing UTIs, the overall body of research suggests that vitamin D is not a standalone solution for infection prevention [2]. In a combination treatment approach that included cranberry and probiotics, vitamin D showed some efficacy in long-term follow-ups in reducing UTI incidents [2]. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the extent of its effectiveness and to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could serve as a viable preventive or treatment strategy for UTIs.
Based on user reviews, many parents report significant improvements in their children's digestive health after using this product. For instance, one reviewer noted that the drops relieved their child's colic and led to noticeable enhancements in digestive function, suggesting a comforting impact on gastrointestinal issues Read Review. Another user experienced substantial benefits in just the first week of use, highlighting the product's efficiency in addressing digestive concerns Read Review.
Moreover, users have praised the probiotic's ability to alleviate symptoms associated with dysbiosis, including colic, constipation, and regurgitation, while also reportedly strengthening the immune system Read Review. However, it's important to note that individual results can vary, as one reviewer experienced no improvements for their child's gastrointestinal issues despite having high expectations Read Review. As with any supplement, efficacy may depend on the unique circumstances of each child.
10
Digestive improvement
20 people found this helpful
These baby drops are of very high quality, containing vitamin D as well. They helped relieve my child's colic, with noticeable improvements in digestive function. I would recommend them to everyone!
7.5
Tangible improvement noted
1 people found this helpful
High-quality, natural ingredients; the taste isn't unpleasant, and my child drinks it without issues. I administer it once a day, which is convenient as the size is manageable and the packaging is robust. The benefits are substantial, with noticeable improvements within the first week. All mediators recommended this product, and I struggled to find it for a long time.
9
Stronger immune system
The best probiotic for children from birth: BioGaia drops. This Swedish probiotic helps alleviate dysbiosis and restores gastrointestinal microflora, reducing issues such as colic, constipation, and regurgitation in infants. It strengthens the immune system as well. Although the package is small and empties quickly, we've noticed definite benefits, even when using a slightly lower dosage than recommended. Based on my paediatrician's advice and its neutral taste, it’s a great choice.
2
No effect seen
I purchased this for my baby due to gastrointestinal issues, hoping it would normalise hard stools, but unfortunately, it did not work. Despite the high price, I expected better results but did not notice any effect. The small tube runs out quickly as well.
8
Vitamin D deficiency increases UTI risk
Association of Posttransplant Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Late-Onset Infections Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Wisconsin Allograft Recipient Database (WisARD).
We explored the link between vitamin D levels and late-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) among kidney transplant recipients. Our study analyzed data from 2,207 individuals who had measurements of their vitamin D levels after transplantation.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
8
Vitamin D's role in UTIs
Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels in Children with Urinary Tract Infection without Confounding Factors: A Case-Control Study.
We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. In our study, we assessed the serum vitamin D and zinc levels among two groups: 40 healthy children and 40 children suffering from UTIs, ensuring that no other health factors influenced the results.
Our findings revealed a stark difference between the groups. A staggering 80% of the children with UTIs had vitamin D deficiency, compared to only 17.5% in the healthy group. This significant gap raised an interesting question: could low vitamin D levels contribute to the likelihood of developing UTIs in children?
We also noted that low zinc levels paralleled vitamin D deficiency, with 60% of UTI patients showing zinc insufficiency compared to just 17.5% in the healthy cohort. This observation suggests that both nutrients might be crucial for maintaining a healthy immune response, particularly in young children.
Overall, our study highlights the potential importance of addressing vitamin D levels in children prone to UTIs. Supplementing with vitamin D and zinc could become a vital strategy in not only treating infections but also preventing future occurrences.
8
Vitamin D linked to UTIs
The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
We set out to explore the connection between serum vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our thorough investigation involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, including 12 case-control studies and a cross-sectional study. This comprehensive analysis incorporated data from a total of 839 children suffering from UTIs and 929 healthy controls.
Through our analysis, we observed that children diagnosed with UTIs had notably lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to healthier counterparts. The findings indicated that low vitamin D levels were indeed associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a UTI, with a significant increase in this risk for children whose vitamin D levels fell below 20 ng/mL. Specifically, children with vitamin D levels under this threshold had a much higher risk of developing UTIs.
Overall, our review strengthens the case for considering vitamin D levels as a potential risk factor in urinary tract infections among children, especially when those levels drop below the critical point.
7
Mixed evidence on vitamin D
Nonantibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
We examined the impact of vitamin D on the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) as part of a broader review of nonantibiotic interventions. The study analyzed data from multiple randomized controlled trials, involving thousands of participants, to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D alongside other treatments.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D was part of a combination treatment known as triple therapy, which included cranberry and probiotics. While this combined approach showed benefits, isolating the individual effect of vitamin D on UTI prevention proved challenging. However, when we looked closer, we found that vitamin D did exhibit some efficacy in long-term follow-ups, specifically over a year, where it demonstrated a notable impact in reducing UTI incidents.
Overall, our exploration highlighted that while vitamin D plays a role in UTI prevention as part of a combination therapy, the evidence does not strongly support its standalone effectiveness. Therefore, those looking for UTI prevention strategies may find other nonantibiotic options, like probiotics and cranberry, to be more effective.
References
Yuan Z, Melamed ML, Parajuli S, Mandelbrot D, Astor BC. Association of Posttransplant Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Late-Onset Infections Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Wisconsin Allograft Recipient Database (WisARD). Transpl Infect Dis. 2025. doi:10.1111/tid.70016
Han Z, Yi X, Li J, Liao D, Ai J. Nonantibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Infection. 2024. doi:10.1007/s15010-024-02357-z
Seifollahi M, Heidarzadeh Arani M, Hoseini Shamsabadi R, Nakhaie S, Karimi Aghche M, et al. Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels in Children with Urinary Tract Infection without Confounding Factors: A Case-Control Study. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2024;38:36. doi:10.47176/mjiri.38.36
Gan Y, You S, Ying J, Mu D. The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15122690
Chidambaram S, Pasupathy U, Geminiganesan S, R D. The Association Between Vitamin D and Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study. Cureus. 2022;14:e25291. doi:10.7759/cureus.25291
Sadeghzadeh M, Khoshnevisasl P, Motamed N, Faghfouri L. The serum vitamin D levels in children with urinary tract infection: a case-control study. New Microbes New Infect. 2021;43:100911. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100911
Qadir S, Memon S, Chohan MN, Memon Y. Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37:1058. doi:10.12669/pjms.37.4.3896
Muntean C, Săsăran M. Vitamin D Status and Its Role in First-Time and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children: A Case-Control Study. Children (Basel). 2021;8. doi:10.3390/children8050419
Habibi M, Azimi S, Khoobbakht D, Roghanian P, Asadi Karam MR. Immunization with recombinant protein Ag43::UpaH with alum and 1,25(OH)2D3 adjuvants significantly protects Balb/C mice against urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;96:107638. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107638
Li X, Yu Q, Qin F, Zhang B, Lu Y. Serum Vitamin D Level and the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2021;9:637529. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.637529
Pirdel L, Pirdel M. A Differential Immune Modulating Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Tract Infection. Immunol Invest. 2022;51:531. doi:10.1080/08820139.2020.1845723
Sürmeli Döven S, Erdoğan S. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for renal scarring in recurrent urinary tract infections. Pediatr Int. 2021;63:295. doi:10.1111/ped.14397
Ali SB, Perdawood D, Abdulrahman R, Al Farraj DA, Alkubaisi NA. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in women at reproductive age. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020;27:2942. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.008