Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.5
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 11 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
30
Total Fat
2.5 g
3%**
Cholesterol
<5 mg
1%
Protein
<1 g
Vitamin E (as natural d-alpha tocopherol)
13.4 mg
89%
Norwegian Fish Oil
2.5 g
†
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids*
1,600 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)*
800 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)*
600 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9.5
We analyzed the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in children with intestinal failure.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.
Read More
9
We investigated the impact of FJH-KO, a source of omega-3 fatty acids from Antarctic krill, on thrombosis in a mouse model. By inducing thrombosis using carrageenan, we treated the mice with FJH-KO beforehand.
The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improvement noted
92 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids help cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing "cholesterol plaques". They improve blood viscosity, normalise blood pressure, increase "good" cholesterol (HDL), and strengthen vascular walls. I recommend them for maintaining healthy blood circulation.
Read More
9
Blood vessel health
3 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids effectively cleanse blood vessels of "bad" cholesterol, stopping "cholesterol plaques". They enhance blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure while boosting HDL levels. The result is stronger blood vessel walls, which I find beneficial.
Read More
9
Protects against clots
1 people found this helpful
Posh Omega's Omega-3 acids cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing plaques. They improve blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure. By reducing homocysteine levels, they help prevent blood clots. My husband and I have been taking it for three months and love it.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.5
- All Researches
9.5
We analyzed the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in children with intestinal failure.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
Read More
9
We investigated the impact of FJH-KO, a source of omega-3 fatty acids from Antarctic krill, on thrombosis in a mouse model. By inducing thrombosis using carrageenan, we treated the mice with FJH-KO beforehand.
The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
Read More
9
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its derivatives affect platelet activity and blood clotting. Our findings revealed that DHA, along with its oxidized forms, effectively reduced platelet aggregation and activation, particularly in mouse models.
Although DHA showed some benefits, the most significant effects on blood clots came from its oxylipins, specifically 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. These compounds appeared to inhibit platelet adhesion and thrombus formation through a specific signaling pathway, enhancing the potential for DHA as a treatment for clot-related cardiovascular issues.
Although DHA showed some benefits, the most significant effects on blood clots came from its oxylipins, specifically 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. These compounds appeared to inhibit platelet adhesion and thrombus formation through a specific signaling pathway, enhancing the potential for DHA as a treatment for clot-related cardiovascular issues.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), particularly in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), on blood clotting. The study highlighted how different subclasses of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), particularly HDL2 from ACS patients, interact with platelets during clot formation.
It became clear that HDL2 from ACS patients exhibited a stronger ability to inhibit platelet aggregation compared to HDL from healthy individuals. This ability to reduce clot formation is linked to the presence of specific oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HDL2 particles.
We observed an inverse relationship between several oxidized fatty acids, such as 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and others, and platelet aggregation. This means that higher levels of these oxidized fats were associated with less platelet activation and clotting, pointing to their potential role in enhancing the antithrombotic properties of HDL2 in ACS patients.
Overall, the findings suggest that EPA and its oxidized metabolites could play a key role in modifying HDL properties, thereby offering some protection against blood clots in individuals with ACS.
It became clear that HDL2 from ACS patients exhibited a stronger ability to inhibit platelet aggregation compared to HDL from healthy individuals. This ability to reduce clot formation is linked to the presence of specific oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HDL2 particles.
We observed an inverse relationship between several oxidized fatty acids, such as 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and others, and platelet aggregation. This means that higher levels of these oxidized fats were associated with less platelet activation and clotting, pointing to their potential role in enhancing the antithrombotic properties of HDL2 in ACS patients.
Overall, the findings suggest that EPA and its oxidized metabolites could play a key role in modifying HDL properties, thereby offering some protection against blood clots in individuals with ACS.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 11 Reviews
8.5
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Improvement noted
92 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids help cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing "cholesterol plaques". They improve blood viscosity, normalise blood pressure, increase "good" cholesterol (HDL), and strengthen vascular walls. I recommend them for maintaining healthy blood circulation.
Read More
9
Blood vessel health
3 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids effectively cleanse blood vessels of "bad" cholesterol, stopping "cholesterol plaques". They enhance blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure while boosting HDL levels. The result is stronger blood vessel walls, which I find beneficial.
Read More
9
Protects against clots
1 people found this helpful
Posh Omega's Omega-3 acids cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing plaques. They improve blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure. By reducing homocysteine levels, they help prevent blood clots. My husband and I have been taking it for three months and love it.
Read More
9
Reliable omega source
1 people found this helpful
I believe this is the best omega on the market. After extensive research, I found Carlson uses high-quality raw materials. It helps protect blood vessels from clots and lowers harmful cholesterol levels effectively. I purchased it for my mother, who requires a strong dosage.
Read More
7.5
Effective solution
This Omega-3 cleanses blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing plaques. It normalises blood pressure and improves blood viscosity while enhancing "good" cholesterol (HDL), ensuring strong and elastic blood vessels. I find it very effective.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Protects against clots
1 people found this helpful
Posh Omega's Omega-3 acids cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing plaques. They improve blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure. By reducing homocysteine levels, they help prevent blood clots. My husband and I have been taking it for three months and love it.
7.5
Lowers blood lipids
1 people found this helpful
Highly recommended! This fish oil has no fishy taste and effectively controls blood pressure and blood lipids. I've used it for many years and noticed a positive impact on my health regarding blood clots.
9
Reliable omega source
1 people found this helpful
I believe this is the best omega on the market. After extensive research, I found Carlson uses high-quality raw materials. It helps protect blood vessels from clots and lowers harmful cholesterol levels effectively. I purchased it for my mother, who requires a strong dosage.
9
Improvement noted
92 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids help cleanse blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing "cholesterol plaques". They improve blood viscosity, normalise blood pressure, increase "good" cholesterol (HDL), and strengthen vascular walls. I recommend them for maintaining healthy blood circulation.
9
Blood vessel health
3 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids effectively cleanse blood vessels of "bad" cholesterol, stopping "cholesterol plaques". They enhance blood viscosity and normalise blood pressure while boosting HDL levels. The result is stronger blood vessel walls, which I find beneficial.
7.5
Effective solution
This Omega-3 cleanses blood vessels of excess "bad" cholesterol, preventing plaques. It normalises blood pressure and improves blood viscosity while enhancing "good" cholesterol (HDL), ensuring strong and elastic blood vessels. I find it very effective.
6
Cold prevention
1 people found this helpful
I've taken the same fish oil for over 10 years, and it has significantly improved my health. Along with vitamin C, this fish oil helps strengthen my immune system and reduces the occurrence of colds. My blood tests have also improved, and it lacks a fishy smell.
7
Effective treatment
My parents have been consuming this, and it has been effective for managing high blood pressure and blood clot concerns. However, I've noticed that the price is continually rising.
We examined how fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), impacts blood clotting in individuals at moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases. In a controlled study with 40 participants, we discovered that fish oil supplementation led to significant changes in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are linked to clotting processes.
Notably, the fish oil reduced the coagulatory activity of these EVs, suggesting a protective effect against thrombus formation. This finding opens up new avenues for preventing blood clots and managing cardiovascular health.
Notably, the fish oil reduced the coagulatory activity of these EVs, suggesting a protective effect against thrombus formation. This finding opens up new avenues for preventing blood clots and managing cardiovascular health.
7
We investigated the link between omega-3 fatty acids and blood clot markers in patients with atrial fibrillation. By analyzing data from over 2,370 participants, we found that higher levels of total omega-3s were connected to lower levels of D-dimer and beta-thromboglobulin, both indicators of activated coagulation and platelet activity.
This suggests that omega-3s may help reduce blood clot risks. However, while some individual fatty acids showed varied effects, the overall trend points to the potential antithrombotic benefits of these healthy fats.
This suggests that omega-3s may help reduce blood clot risks. However, while some individual fatty acids showed varied effects, the overall trend points to the potential antithrombotic benefits of these healthy fats.
7
Omega-3s reduce thrombin generation
We explored the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, on blood clotting functions. Using well-designed models, we found that while these omega-3s didn’t significantly alter many platelet functions, they did slow down thrombin generation, a key factor in blood clot formation.
Interestingly, in mice on an omega-3 enriched diet, we observed reduced platelet accumulation in thrombi. This suggests that omega-3 fish oil may indeed have a protective role in cardiovascular health, particularly in moderating blood clot formation.
Interestingly, in mice on an omega-3 enriched diet, we observed reduced platelet accumulation in thrombi. This suggests that omega-3 fish oil may indeed have a protective role in cardiovascular health, particularly in moderating blood clot formation.
9.5
We analyzed the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in children with intestinal failure.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.
Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.
4
We examined the effects of a hospital lipid-lowering protocol that included eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study involved analyzing data from 1,497 patients who underwent successful procedures for ACS over several years.
The introduction of the protocol aimed to maximize cholesterol-lowering treatments, and we wanted to see if EPA played a role in reducing blood clot risks alongside other treatments. While we found that the protocol significantly improved the percentage of patients reaching the target cholesterol levels, we did not observe a notable difference in major adverse cardiac events, such as heart attacks or revascularization procedures, between the groups.
This means that even though the new approach showed promise in managing cholesterol more effectively, the impact of EPA specifically on reducing blood clot incidents remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Overall, it highlighted the importance of comprehensive lipid management in ACS patients while indicating that more research is needed to tease apart the contributions of individual therapies like EPA.
The introduction of the protocol aimed to maximize cholesterol-lowering treatments, and we wanted to see if EPA played a role in reducing blood clot risks alongside other treatments. While we found that the protocol significantly improved the percentage of patients reaching the target cholesterol levels, we did not observe a notable difference in major adverse cardiac events, such as heart attacks or revascularization procedures, between the groups.
This means that even though the new approach showed promise in managing cholesterol more effectively, the impact of EPA specifically on reducing blood clot incidents remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Overall, it highlighted the importance of comprehensive lipid management in ACS patients while indicating that more research is needed to tease apart the contributions of individual therapies like EPA.
References
- Bozbas E, Zhou R, Soyama S, Allen-Redpath K, Mitchell JL, et al. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the number, fatty acid profile and coagulatory activity of circulating and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119:1175. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.008
- Reiner MF, Bertschi DA, Werlen L, Wiencierz A, Aeschbacher S, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Markers of Thrombosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16020178
- Lee GH, Lee SY, Chae JY, Kim JW, Kim JH, et al. Antarctic Krill Oil from Ameliorates Carrageenan-Induced Thrombosis in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. doi:10.3390/ijms242417440
- Pawelzik SC, Arnardottir H, Sarajlic P, Mahdi A, Vigor C, et al. Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023;194:308. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.006
- Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman CJ, Standley M, Hoang T, et al. DHA 12-LOX-derived oxylipins regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation through a PKA-dependent signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19:839. doi:10.1111/jth.15184
- Zheng X, Jia R, Li Y, Liu T, Wang Z. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce post-operative risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgery for elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Int Orthop. 2020;44:2089. doi:10.1007/s00264-020-04610-0
- Gaertner S, Auger C, Farooq MA, Pollet B, Khemais-Benkhiat S, et al. Oral Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by Middle-Aged Rats for One Week Improves Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Both the Femoral Artery and Vein: Role of Cyclooxygenases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. doi:10.3390/ijms21030920
- Isaksen T, Evensen LH, Brækkan SK, Hansen JB. Dietary Intake of Marine Polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2019;119:2053. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697663
- Carnevale LN, Das A. Novel Anti-inflammatory and Vasodilatory ω-3 Endocannabinoid Epoxide Regioisomers. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1161:219. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_17
- Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, Brinton EA, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140:e673. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709
- Viecelli AK, Polkinghorne KR, Pascoe EM, Paul-Brent PA, Hawley CM, et al. Fish oil and aspirin effects on arteriovenous fistula function: Secondary outcomes of the randomised omega-3 fatty acids (Fish oils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) trial. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0213274. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213274
- Akintoye E, Sethi P, Harris WS, Thompson PA, Marchioli R, et al. Fish Oil and Perioperative Bleeding. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11:e004584. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004584
- Spector AA, Kim HY. Emergence of omega-3 fatty acids in biomedical research. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019;140:47. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.017
- Tam KW, Wu MY, Siddiqui FJ, Chan ES, Zhu Y, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11:CD011353. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011353.pub2
- Jami MM, Bhardwaj V, Merritt RJ. Intravenous Fish Oil Lipid Emulsion Prevents Catheter-Related Thromboses in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure. J Pediatr. 2018;198:301. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.029
- Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, et al. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets. 2019;30:271. doi:10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154
- Lu LW, Quek SY, Lu SP, Chen JH. Potential Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N3PUFAs) on Cardiovascular Health Associated with COVID-19: An Update for 2023. Metabolites. 2023;13. doi:10.3390/metabo13050630
- Yuan S, Li X, Morange PE, Bruzelius M, Larsson SC. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: Mendelian Randomization Investigation. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14163354
- Nakao S, Ishihara T, Tsujimura T, Iida O, Hata Y, et al. Effectiveness of hospital lipid-lowering protocol of intensive lipid-lowering therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiol. 2022;79:391. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.005
- Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13072421
- Garcia C, Montée N, Faccini J, Series J, Meilhac O, et al. Acute coronary syndrome remodels the antiplatelet aggregation properties of HDL particle subclasses. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16:933. doi:10.1111/jth.14003
- Saber H, Yakoob MY, Shi P, Longstreth WT, Lemaitre RN, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Ischemic Stroke and Its Atherothrombotic and Cardioembolic Subtypes in 3 US Cohorts. Stroke. 2017;48:2678. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018235
- Elajami TK, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN, et al. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling. FASEB J. 2016;30:2792. doi:10.1096/fj.201500155R
- Franzese CJ, Bliden KP, Gesheff MG, Pandya S, Guyer KE, et al. Relation of fish oil supplementation to markers of atherothrombotic risk in patients with cardiovascular disease not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115:1204. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.002
- Sofi F, Giorgi G, Cesari F, Gori AM, Mannini L, et al. The atherosclerotic risk profile is affected differently by fish flesh with a similar EPA and DHA content but different n-6/n-3 ratio. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22:32. doi:10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.1.12
- McEwen BJ, Morel-Kopp MC, Chen W, Tofler GH, Ward CM. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on platelet function in healthy subjects and subjects with cardiovascular disease. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2013;39:25. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333309
- Takagaki S, Suzuki M, Suzuki E, Hasumi K. Unsaturated fatty acids enhance the fibrinolytic activity of subtilisin NAT (nattokinase). J Food Biochem. 2020;44:e13326. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13326
- Perry SC, Kalyanaraman C, Tourdot BE, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, et al. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 biosynthesis of 7S,14S-diHDHA implicates 15-lipoxygenase-2 in biosynthesis of resolvin D5. J Lipid Res. 2020;61:1087. doi:10.1194/jlr.RA120000777
- Unsworth AJ, Flora GD, Sasikumar P, Bye AP, Sage T, et al. RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37:812. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309207
