We conducted a comprehensive trial to understand how different types of omega-3 fatty acids affect cholesterol levels and inflammation in adults struggling with high cholesterol.
Over 12 weeks, participants took various doses of omega-3s, including EPA and DHA, revealing notable benefits. Those receiving higher doses of EPA and DHA saw their triglycerides drop significantly—by up to 15.78%—compared to controls.
Interestingly, ALA supplementation did not lead to improvements in cholesterol or inflammation status, highlighting the superior role of EPA and DHA in managing these health issues.
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9
Scallop oil significantly reduces cholesterol
Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-A Mice.
We investigated how different oils, including newly produced scallop oil, fish oil, and krill oil, impact cholesterol levels in obese type II diabetic mice. Our study involved feeding these groups various high-fat diets for 42 days.
Remarkably, the scallop oil group showed a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in both serum and liver, while the fish oil and krill oil groups did not exhibit such benefits. The findings suggest that scallop oil might be a promising option for managing cholesterol and preventing related health issues.
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9
Omega-3s improve cholesterol parameters
Fish oil diet effects on alveolar bone loss, in hypercholesterolemic rats.
We examined how swapping a saturated fat diet for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) affects cholesterol and bone health in hypercholesterolemic rats.
In our study, rats that shifted to an n-3PUFA diet saw a notable decrease in serum lipids. While the diet appeared to positively impact their bone loss linked to periodontitis, rats on the n-3PUFA diet showed results similar to those on a commercial diet, indicating no major advantage of fish oil over a balanced diet.
Overall, our findings suggest that while omega-3s can help with cholesterol, they don't offer significant improvements over typical diets in these conditions.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
Effective for cholesterol
210 people found this helpful
Great omega! Perfect value for money, enough for 4 months! The capsules are large, lemon-flavoured, with no fishy smell or burping. After 2 weeks, my skin is noticeably moisturised, and flakiness has gone. I take it for my mother to lower her high cholesterol levels; I took 2 capsules daily for 3 months, and the test results are positive!
Read More
9
Boosts immunity
133 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking Omega-3 for six months. As a pharmacist, I recommend this form due to excellent dosing (over 1000mg per 2 capsules) and high purity. I’m healthier, which isn’t just good for hair and skin; it supports my immunity. My baby’s hair has flourished at 3 months. If this review helps, please like it!
Read More
9
Improves skin
109 people found this helpful
Just perfect value for money! Capsules are large, lemon-flavoured, with no fishy smell or burping. After 2 weeks, my skin feels much more moisturised, and I take them for my mother to lower her high cholesterol levels; 2 capsules daily for 3 months have shown positive results!
We aimed to understand how Antarctic krill oil (ESKO) affects cholesterol levels, particularly in relation to obesity. Through our study involving mice, we observed that ESKO helped reduce oxidative stress and improve cholesterol metabolism.
While a high-fat diet usually worsens cholesterol levels, ESKO demonstrated a protective effect by reducing fat accumulation and promoting better metabolic health. This suggests that krill oil could be a promising option for managing high cholesterol and obesity-related issues.
Read More
9
CA-rich fish oils lower cholesterol
Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
We investigated whether cetoleic acid (CA), a healthy fat found in certain fish, can help lower cholesterol levels in rodents. Our systematic review included 12 studies, assessing how CA-rich fish oils influenced total cholesterol compared to regular diets.
The results showed a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in rodents that consumed CA-rich oils. However, it’s important to note that the risk of bias in the studies varied, making our conclusions tentative. Overall, these findings suggest CA-rich fish oils could play a beneficial role in heart health, but further research in humans is needed.
Read More
9
Scallop oil significantly reduces cholesterol
Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-A Mice.
We investigated how different oils, including newly produced scallop oil, fish oil, and krill oil, impact cholesterol levels in obese type II diabetic mice. Our study involved feeding these groups various high-fat diets for 42 days.
Remarkably, the scallop oil group showed a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in both serum and liver, while the fish oil and krill oil groups did not exhibit such benefits. The findings suggest that scallop oil might be a promising option for managing cholesterol and preventing related health issues.
Read More
9
Omega-3 effective for heart risk
The case for adding eicosapentaenoic acid (icosapent ethyl) to the ABCs of cardiovascular disease prevention.
We examined the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), specifically icosapent ethyl, in reducing cardiovascular disease risks. Approved by the FDA, this omega-3 treatment showed a notable 25% reduction in major heart events for high-risk patients. These patients already had controlled cholesterol but elevated triglyceride levels.
Importantly, while EPA proved effective, mixed omega-3 products lacking substantial evidence for heart health did not provide the same benefits. We believe adding EPA-only formulations to cardiovascular prevention guidelines is essential for at-risk individuals.
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9
8-HEPE benefits cholesterol management
8-HEPE-Concentrated Materials from Pacific Krill Improve Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Hepatic Steatosis in High Cholesterol Diet-Fed Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-Deficient Mice.
We explored how 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8-HEPE), derived from Pacific krill, could improve cholesterol levels in mice commonly used for dyslipidemia studies.
Over eighteen weeks, mice on a high-cholesterol diet receiving 8-HEPE showed significantly higher levels of good HDL cholesterol, alongside lower levels of bad LDL cholesterol and liver triglycerides.
This suggests that 8-HEPE may enhance lipid profiles and liver health by influencing certain genes in macrophages. While promising, further research is needed to confirm these benefits in humans.
Great omega! Perfect value for money, enough for 4 months! The capsules are large, lemon-flavoured, with no fishy smell or burping. After 2 weeks, my skin is noticeably moisturised, and flakiness has gone. I take it for my mother to lower her high cholesterol levels; I took 2 capsules daily for 3 months, and the test results are positive!
Read More
9
Boosts immunity
133 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking Omega-3 for six months. As a pharmacist, I recommend this form due to excellent dosing (over 1000mg per 2 capsules) and high purity. I’m healthier, which isn’t just good for hair and skin; it supports my immunity. My baby’s hair has flourished at 3 months. If this review helps, please like it!
Read More
9
Improves skin
109 people found this helpful
Just perfect value for money! Capsules are large, lemon-flavoured, with no fishy smell or burping. After 2 weeks, my skin feels much more moisturised, and I take them for my mother to lower her high cholesterol levels; 2 capsules daily for 3 months have shown positive results!
Read More
9
High-quality supplement
98 people found this helpful
Good and very high quality supplement, I recommend it.
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9
Cholesterol control
92 people found this helpful
Omega-3 acids clear blood vessels from “bad” cholesterol, improve blood viscosity, and increase “good” cholesterol levels. I recommend it for strengthening blood vessel walls and normalising blood pressure.
High cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia, is a medical condition characterized by an elevated level of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s essential for building healthy cells, but too much of it can lead to serious health issues, including heart disease and stroke. Cholesterol is carried through the blood by lipoproteins, with two main types being low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, while HDL, known as "good" cholesterol, helps carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.
Factors contributing to high cholesterol can include poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and genetic predisposition. Regular health screenings are crucial, as high cholesterol often presents no overt symptoms. Maintaining a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, coupled with regular physical activity and avoiding tobacco, can help manage cholesterol levels effectively. In some cases, medications may be necessary to control high cholesterol, so consulting with a healthcare provider is key for tailored advice.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has been widely discussed for its potential benefits in managing cardiovascular health, including high cholesterol. Research indicates that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA found in fish oil, can help lower triglyceride levels—a type of fat in the blood that contributes to high cholesterol. In some cases, these fatty acids may also raise levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein), often referred to as "good" cholesterol. However, while omega-3s can be a beneficial part of a heart-healthy diet, they are not a stand-alone solution for cholesterol management.
It's essential to understand that fish oil supplementation should not replace standard cholesterol-lowering medications or lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. Consult with a healthcare professional before adding omega-3 supplements to your regimen, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking other medications. Keeping a balanced diet rich in omega-3s from sources like fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts can also support overall health and align with cholesterol management goals.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking omega-3 supplements for high cholesterol typically start to notice positive changes within a timeframe of 2 to 3 months. Several users, such as one who took the supplement for three months, reported improved test results and a reduction in their mother’s high cholesterol levels Read Review. Another user noted that after a similar duration, they observed significant improvements in cholesterol metrics Read Review.
However, some users mentioned experiencing early signs of improvement even sooner, with reports of enhanced hair and skin health after merely two weeks of use Read Review. It’s important to note that individual responses can vary, and consistent daily intake is key to achieving desired results. Therefore, while many users see benefits within a couple of months, continuing the regimen as per recommended dosages is crucial for optimal outcomes.
Based on recent scientific research, several omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), demonstrate potential benefits in managing high cholesterol levels. Studies indicate that EPA and DHA can significantly lower triglyceride levels and improve overall lipid profiles, thus supporting heart health. For example, one trial showed a dramatic reduction in triglycerides from 2.97 mmol/L to 1.75 mmol/L in patients receiving high doses of EPA, suggesting its effectiveness as a therapeutic option for those struggling with high cholesterol and elevated triglycerides [27]. Furthermore, DHA has exhibited the ability to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is known as the 'good' cholesterol, contributing positively to cholesterol management [22].
Additionally, specific forms of krill and fish oil also show promise for individuals seeking to lower their cholesterol levels. For instance, Antarctic krill oil has been linked to improved cholesterol metabolism in mice, lowering fat accumulation while enhancing metabolic pathways related to cholesterol regulation [1]. With substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of these omega-3 fatty acids, they're gaining recognition as beneficial supplements for cholesterol management. However, while the findings are promising, particularly in specific patient groups, further long-term studies in humans are recommended to solidify these benefits and guide clinical practices effectively.
Users report a variety of improvements after using omega-3 supplements, particularly in skin health and cholesterol management. For instance, several individuals noted enhanced skin hydration and reduced flakiness just two weeks into their regimen. One user highlighted their skin's noticeable improvement with a more moisturized feel, stating, “After 2 weeks, my skin is noticeably moisturised” Read Review. Others have experienced longer-term benefits, claiming significant reductions in cholesterol levels after consistent use over a few months Read Review.
In addition to improvements in skin appearance, users often mention better hair health, with reports of shinier, thicker hair over time Read Review. There's also the broader health benefit of improved heart health and enhanced immunity, with multiple individuals attesting to feeling healthier overall Read Review. However, it’s important to note that individual results can vary, as each person's body responds differently to supplements.
Users report that combining omega-3 supplements with other supplements can be beneficial for managing high cholesterol. For instance, one user mentioned the positive effects of taking omega-3 alongside vitamin D, noting that it seems to aid in cholesterol management Read Review. Another user recommended pairing omega-3 with magnesium for optimal results regarding bile flow and digestive health Read Review.
Several individuals emphasized the joy of using high-quality omega-3 supplements. Many shared their experiences with significant improvements in cholesterol levels over time, suggesting that consistent use, possibly along with other supplements, can enhance these benefits. One user reported favorable outcomes on cholesterol levels alongside taking tubes of omega-3 Read Review. Overall, users seem to find that the combination of omega-3 fatty acids with other vitamins can support their cholesterol management, leading to recommendations for others in need of similar health improvements.
When it comes to managing high cholesterol, research has shown that supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can offer notable benefits. A study focused on EPA established that doses of around 4 grams daily resulted in significant reductions in triglycerides and improvements in overall lipid profiles in patients with high triglycerides and other cardiovascular risk factors [27]. Other studies have indicated that even lower doses (approximately 2 grams of EPA/DHA) can have favorable effects on cholesterol levels, emphasizing the importance of these specific omega-3 fatty acids in managing cholesterol [22].
Furthermore, the combination of EPA and DHA seems to yield additional benefits, particularly in certain populations such as those experiencing residual cardiovascular risk despite statin treatment. Some research suggests that higher doses of omega-3s (up to 4 grams) may be more effective in lowering harmful cholesterol levels and improving vascular health [17]. While these findings illustrate the potential of omega-3 fish oil in lowering cholesterol, it's vital to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and to determine the most suitable dosing.
9
Effective for cholesterol
210 people found this helpful
Great omega! Perfect value for money, enough for 4 months! The capsules are large, lemon-flavoured, with no fishy smell or burping. After 2 weeks, my skin is noticeably moisturised, and flakiness has gone. I take it for my mother to lower her high cholesterol levels; I took 2 capsules daily for 3 months, and the test results are positive!
9
Effective cholesterol control
2 people found this helpful
The fat spectrum is superb and the dosage is great for the price! I noticed my triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL improved immensely. Though I didn’t feel an immediate effect, I recommend this omega for lowering high cholesterol. After a month, my husband's hair began to thicken. I appreciate the lemon flavour!
9
Excellent value
14 people found this helpful
Omega from Carlson = LOVE! Perfect price and quality! Lasts 4 months! The capsules are large with a lemon flavour, without fish smell. My skin is more moisturised after 2 weeks, and I am taking this for my mother to reduce her high cholesterol levels. I'm thrilled with the results!
9
Improved skin condition
9 people found this helpful
One of the best supplements on this site! I purchase Omega from Carlson due to its high-quality fish oil, guaranteeing the removal of heavy metals. I've noticed that within a month of taking it, dryness and peeling on my arms and legs vanished. With long-term use, my hair looks shinier, and the skin on my feet remains soft. My nails are strong and no longer break. I hope my review is helpful!
9
Boosts immunity
133 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking Omega-3 for six months. As a pharmacist, I recommend this form due to excellent dosing (over 1000mg per 2 capsules) and high purity. I’m healthier, which isn’t just good for hair and skin; it supports my immunity. My baby’s hair has flourished at 3 months. If this review helps, please like it!
9
Cholesterol management
1 people found this helpful
I believe this is the best quality fish oil available. I often drink it with vitamin D, and it seems to aid my cholesterol management. I also give a lower dosage to my child from the same brand. It's a sizeable volume and lasts quite a while.
9
Improved cholesterol levels
1 people found this helpful
Carlson Labs offers the best omega-3 supplement. It's important to choose omega with a DHA acid content above 540; this one has 600. When taking it, monitor your bile flow and consider herbs and hot water on an empty stomach. Magnesium is also beneficial for the sphincter of Oddi. Stay healthy!
9
High-purity EPA benefits cholesterol
Pleiotropic beneficial cardiometabolic actions of a high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid product in high cardiovascular risk individuals.
We examined the impact of a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) formulation on cholesterol levels and overall heart health in individuals considered at high risk for cardiovascular issues. The study involved 226 patients who had high triglycerides and one or more cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension or diabetes.
Participants received 4 grams of EPA daily for three months alongside regular nutritional counseling. By tracking key health markers, we noted significant improvements in cholesterol levels, particularly in triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For instance, triglyceride levels dropped from an average of 2.97 mmol/L to 1.75 mmol/L in just three months.
Additionally, we found improvements in other important metrics, including total cholesterol and glucose levels, indicating that EPA supplementation may have broad benefits for cardiometabolic health. Although apolipoprotein A levels did not change significantly, the overall trend suggests that incorporating EPA could play a role in achieving better heart health outcomes.
8
EPA's effects on cholesterol explored
The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, on high cholesterol levels. In a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, we looked at studies involving at least 2 grams of EPA or its counterpart, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Both EPA and DHA were found to lower triglyceride levels, with DHA appearing slightly more effective. Interestingly, we also saw that DHA increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is known to promote heart health, while EPA does so as well, but to a lesser extent.
On the flip side, DHA has been observed to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but it also enhances the size of LDL particles, making them less likely to contribute to artery blockages. Moreover, we noted that DHA might be more effective than EPA in reducing heart rate and blood pressure, which are essential factors in heart health.
Although both EPA and DHA show potential in promoting heart health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, the variations in their effects can make things complicated. We found that the evidence comparing EPA and DHA directly is limited, and more high-quality research is necessary to better understand their individual impacts on cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Overall, while EPA has beneficial effects on cholesterol, further studies are needed to isolate these effects clearly from those of DHA.
9
Antarctic krill oil aids cholesterol
Antarctic Krill Oil Supplementation Attenuates Hypercholesterolemia, Fatty Liver, and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
We aimed to understand how Antarctic krill oil (ESKO) affects cholesterol levels, particularly in relation to obesity. Through our study involving mice, we observed that ESKO helped reduce oxidative stress and improve cholesterol metabolism.
While a high-fat diet usually worsens cholesterol levels, ESKO demonstrated a protective effect by reducing fat accumulation and promoting better metabolic health. This suggests that krill oil could be a promising option for managing high cholesterol and obesity-related issues.
7
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Enhances Endothelial Health
Clinical Significance of Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Under Statin Therapy.
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on endothelial function among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were already on statin therapy to manage their cholesterol levels. This study included 150 patients whose LDL cholesterol was well-controlled, but we wanted to find out if EPA could further improve vascular health, specifically by improving endothelial function, which is crucial for overall cardiovascular wellness.
To assess this, we measured the omega-3 fatty acids present in the blood and evaluated endothelial function through a test called flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. For those showing impaired function and low levels of EPA and arachidonic acid, we provided an EPA supplement for three months and measured the changes.
Our findings revealed that higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and a combination of EPA and DHA, positively correlated with better endothelial function. Most importantly, the patients who received EPA therapy showed improvements in their vascular function, especially those who also had high triglycerides.
Overall, while statins effectively lower cholesterol, the addition of EPA could potentially enhance heart health even further, especially for individuals with specific lipid profiles.
References
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Hirako S, Kim H, Iizuka Y, Matsumoto A. Fish oil consumption prevents hepatic lipid accumulation induced by high-cholesterol feeding in obese KK mice. Biomed Res. 2024;45:33. doi:10.2220/biomedres.45.33
Mjaatveit M, Oldernes H, Gudbrandsen OA. Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2024;131:606. doi:10.1017/S0007114523002118
Zhang C, Wang X, Sun S, Fu Y, Wu Y, et al. Fat-1 expression alleviates atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits. J Cell Mol Med. 2022;26:1306. doi:10.1111/jcmm.17188
Sugimoto K, Hosomi R, Shimono T, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, et al. Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-A Mice. J Oleo Sci. 2021;70:965. doi:10.5650/jos.ess21032
Jaca A, Durão S, Harbron J. Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. S Afr Med J. 2020;110:1158. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i12.14730
Trivedi K, Le V, Nelson JR. The case for adding eicosapentaenoic acid (icosapent ethyl) to the ABCs of cardiovascular disease prevention. Postgrad Med. 2021;133:28. doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1783937
Saito M, Ishida N, Yamada H, Ibi M, Hirose M. 8-HEPE-Concentrated Materials from Pacific Krill Improve Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Hepatic Steatosis in High Cholesterol Diet-Fed Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-Deficient Mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43:919. doi:10.1248/bpb.b20-00162
Llop-Talaveron J, Badía-Tahull M, Lozano-Andreu T, Rigo-Bonnin R, Virgili-Casas N, et al. Phytosterolemia and γ-glutamyl transferase in adults with parenteral nutrition: Fish versus vegetal lipids: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrition. 2020;70:110587. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.110587
Antona ME, Ramos C, Stranges A, Monteiro AF, Gonzales Chaves MM, et al. Fish oil diet effects on alveolar bone loss, in hypercholesterolemic rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;109:104553. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104553
Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Wang P, Zhang B, Chen C, et al. EPA+DHA, but not ALA, Improved Lipids and Inflammation Status in Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63:e1801157. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201801157
Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Effects of Icosapent Ethyl on Total Ischemic Events: From REDUCE-IT. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:2791. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.032
Preston Mason R. New Insights into Mechanisms of Action for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019;21:2. doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0762-1
Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Bergseth MT, Mjøs SA, Austgulen MH, et al. Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain -3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. Nutrients. 2018;10. doi:10.3390/nu10070840
Blom WAM, Koppenol WP, Hiemstra H, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, et al. A low-fat spread with added plant sterols and fish omega-3 fatty acids lowers serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in individuals with modest hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58:1615. doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1706-1
Shen J, Rastogi R, Guan L, Li F, Du H, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduces activation of NADPH oxidase in intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis. Neurol Res. 2018;40:499. doi:10.1080/01616412.2018.1451290
Yunoki K, Matsumi H, Miyoshi T, Kubo M, Hata Y, et al. Clinical Significance of Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Under Statin Therapy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12. doi:10.3390/jcdd12020060
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Uthaiah NM, Venkataramareddy SR, Mudhol S, Sheikh AY. EPA-rich Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass regulates gut microbiota, alleviates inflammation and ameliorates liver fibrosis in rats. Food Res Int. 2025;202:115733. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115733
Yoshikiyo K, Shimizu H, Nagato EG, Ishizuka S, Yamamoto T. Comparative Analysis of γ-Cyclodextrin, Perilla Oil, and Their Inclusion Complexes on Liver Injury and Dyslipidemia Associated with Elevated Gastrointestinal 12-Hydroxylated Bile Acid Levels. Molecules. 2025;30. doi:10.3390/molecules30020281
Lamantia V, Bissonnette S, Beaudry M, Cyr Y, Rosiers CD, et al. EPA and DHA inhibit LDL-induced upregulation of human adipose tissue NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and its association with diabetes risk factors. Sci Rep. 2024;14:27146. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73672-6
Choi GY, Calder PC. The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1423228. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1423228
Bashir B, Schofield J, Downie P, France M, Ashcroft DM, et al. Beyond LDL-C: unravelling the residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk landscape-focus on hypertriglyceridaemia. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1389106. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1389106
Lin YL, Wang CL, Chiang TI. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation alleviates pruritus, enhances skin moisture, and mitigates depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front Nephrol. 2024;4:1365809. doi:10.3389/fneph.2024.1365809
Omari M, Alkhalil M. Atherosclerosis Residual Lipid Risk-Overview of Existing and Future Pharmacotherapies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2024;11. doi:10.3390/jcdd11040126
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Liakos CI, Lanaras L, Bristianou M, Papadopoulos DP. Pleiotropic beneficial cardiometabolic actions of a high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid product in high cardiovascular risk individuals. Lipids. 2024;59:67. doi:10.1002/lipd.12391
Ganuza E, Etomi EH, Olson M, Whisner CM. Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic polar-lipid rich extract from microalgae decreases plasma triglycerides and cholesterol in a real-world normolipidemic supplement consumer population. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1293909. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1293909
Kobayashi Y, Fujikawa T, Haruna A, Kawano R, Ozawa M, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Remnant-like Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Improve the Ankle-Brachial Index of Hemodialysis Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023;60. doi:10.3390/medicina60010075
Mueller PA, Bergstrom P, Rosario S, Heard M, Pamir N. Fish Oil Supplementation Modifies the Proteome, Lipidome, and Function of High-Density Lipoprotein: Findings from a Trial in Young Healthy Adults. J Nutr. 2024;154:1130. doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.007
Chang Y, Xuan Y, Zhang R, Ding X, Zeng Q, et al. Effects of Dietary Schizochytrium Algae as ω-3 PUFA Source on the Egg-Laying Quail Performance, Serum Indexes, and Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Contents. Animals (Basel). 2024;15. doi:10.3390/ani15010021
Li J, Guo J, Yuen M, Yuen H, Peng Q. The comparative effects of ω-7 fatty acid-rich sea buckthorn oil and ω-3 fatty acid-rich DHA algal oil on improving high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Food Funct. 2025;16:1241. doi:10.1039/d4fo04961f
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Álvarez-Bustos A, Picca A, Calvani R, Rodriguez-Mañas L, et al. Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Blood Glucose and Diabetes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16234087
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