Reviewed By
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 41 Researches
7.8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Teaspoon (5 ml)
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
40
Total Fat
4.5 g
6%**
Saturated Fat
0.5 g
3%**
Cholesterol
15 mg
5%
Vitamin A (from cod liver oil and retinyl palmitate)
255 mcg RAE(850 IU)
28%
Vitamin D (from cod liver oil and cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
50%
Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol)
6.7 mg
45%
Norwegian Cod Liver Oil
4.6 g
†
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids*
1,100 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)*
500 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)*
370 mg
†
DPA (Docosapentaenoic Acid)*
50 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Cod liver oil aids rheumatoid arthritis
In a recent study involving 43 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, we explored the impact of taking 1 gram of cod liver oil daily for three months. The results were striking. We observed notable reductions in morning stiffness by an impressive 52.4%, alongside decreases in both painful and swollen joints, each showing a 40% improvement. Pain intensity also saw a significant drop of 67.5%.
Additionally, the feedback from the patients was overwhelmingly positive. Approximately 68% reported that the treatment was effective, while a remarkable 95% praised its tolerability. However, it’s worth noting that 11 patients did experience some nonsevere adverse effects, but only three of those were possibly related to the cod liver oil itself.
Overall, it seems that cod liver oil can indeed offer relief for those grappling with rheumatoid arthritis, making it a treatment worth considering for improving symptoms of this autoimmune disorder.
Additionally, the feedback from the patients was overwhelmingly positive. Approximately 68% reported that the treatment was effective, while a remarkable 95% praised its tolerability. However, it’s worth noting that 11 patients did experience some nonsevere adverse effects, but only three of those were possibly related to the cod liver oil itself.
Overall, it seems that cod liver oil can indeed offer relief for those grappling with rheumatoid arthritis, making it a treatment worth considering for improving symptoms of this autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
DHA shows promise for autoimmunity
We conducted a study to evaluate how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, can impact autoimmune disorders, specifically using an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this investigation, we worked with twenty-five Dark Agouti rats, dividing them into distinct groups. Some received DHA, while others served as controls, allowing for comparisons of its effectiveness on clinical symptoms and levels of oxidative stress.
Over the course of 51 days, DHA was administered via injections, with a daily 40 mg/kg dosage given five days a week. What we observed was quite encouraging. The DHA supplementation appeared to lead to a reduction in oxidative stress markers and showed improvements in clinical scores related to the disease. These results suggest that DHA has the potential to positively influence the progression of MS.
Furthermore, we believe this effect may be linked to DHA’s ability to activate Nrf2, an important antioxidant factor in our bodies. Overall, our findings indicate that DHA could be a beneficial treatment option for managing multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune conditions.
Over the course of 51 days, DHA was administered via injections, with a daily 40 mg/kg dosage given five days a week. What we observed was quite encouraging. The DHA supplementation appeared to lead to a reduction in oxidative stress markers and showed improvements in clinical scores related to the disease. These results suggest that DHA has the potential to positively influence the progression of MS.
Furthermore, we believe this effect may be linked to DHA’s ability to activate Nrf2, an important antioxidant factor in our bodies. Overall, our findings indicate that DHA could be a beneficial treatment option for managing multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune conditions.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on fibroblast-like synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study demonstrated that DHA prompted cells to undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death, particularly through a process dependent on caspase-8. This occurred in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that higher amounts of DHA resulted in greater cell death.
Additionally, we observed that DHA was effective in reducing inflammation markers, such as MMP-9 and IL-1β, which are often heightened in autoimmune conditions like RA. The treatment also triggered important cellular responses, including the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers like CHOP.
We discovered that lowering levels of CHOP or another protein called DR5 improved cell survival and diminished DHA-induced apoptosis. Importantly, our findings revealed that DHA led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful byproducts that can damage cells. When we treated cells with an antioxidant, we found that it significantly reduced the expression of both CHOP and DR5, as well as the associated cell death.
Our results were consistent across both laboratory cell lines and primary synovial cells directly obtained from RA patients. This suggests that DHA may offer a new avenue for treatment by harnessing the body's cellular responses to combat the destructive processes of RA.
Additionally, we observed that DHA was effective in reducing inflammation markers, such as MMP-9 and IL-1β, which are often heightened in autoimmune conditions like RA. The treatment also triggered important cellular responses, including the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers like CHOP.
We discovered that lowering levels of CHOP or another protein called DR5 improved cell survival and diminished DHA-induced apoptosis. Importantly, our findings revealed that DHA led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful byproducts that can damage cells. When we treated cells with an antioxidant, we found that it significantly reduced the expression of both CHOP and DR5, as well as the associated cell death.
Our results were consistent across both laboratory cell lines and primary synovial cells directly obtained from RA patients. This suggests that DHA may offer a new avenue for treatment by harnessing the body's cellular responses to combat the destructive processes of RA.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Highly recommend fish oil
29 people found this helpful
I have tried various fish oil brands, and this one is by far the best. Its effects are noticeable quickly, and I have ordered it again. I highly recommend this product!
Read More
9
Improved wellbeing
10 people found this helpful
Honestly, I find it excellent. I started using it due to my autoimmune disorder, which caused me health issues. It's helped me feel better and regain my appetite. I will continue to buy it until I am completely healed.
Read More
9
No allergic reactions
This fish oil has been great for my allergic child with an autoimmune disorder; there were no rashes, and he took it without difficulty.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 41 Researches
7.8
- All Researches
9
Cod liver oil aids rheumatoid arthritis
In a recent study involving 43 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, we explored the impact of taking 1 gram of cod liver oil daily for three months. The results were striking. We observed notable reductions in morning stiffness by an impressive 52.4%, alongside decreases in both painful and swollen joints, each showing a 40% improvement. Pain intensity also saw a significant drop of 67.5%.
Additionally, the feedback from the patients was overwhelmingly positive. Approximately 68% reported that the treatment was effective, while a remarkable 95% praised its tolerability. However, it’s worth noting that 11 patients did experience some nonsevere adverse effects, but only three of those were possibly related to the cod liver oil itself.
Overall, it seems that cod liver oil can indeed offer relief for those grappling with rheumatoid arthritis, making it a treatment worth considering for improving symptoms of this autoimmune disorder.
Additionally, the feedback from the patients was overwhelmingly positive. Approximately 68% reported that the treatment was effective, while a remarkable 95% praised its tolerability. However, it’s worth noting that 11 patients did experience some nonsevere adverse effects, but only three of those were possibly related to the cod liver oil itself.
Overall, it seems that cod liver oil can indeed offer relief for those grappling with rheumatoid arthritis, making it a treatment worth considering for improving symptoms of this autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
DHA mediators reduce RA symptoms
We explored how lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) impact rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation and joint damage. In our investigation, we noted that a specific combination of lipid mediators produced from DHA, including 17S-monohydroxy docosahexaenoic acid, resolvin D5, and protectin DX, showed promise in reducing arthritis severity.
The study involved using collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice and examining RANKL-induced osteoclast formation using RAW264.7 cells. We observed that these lipid mediators effectively lowered the expression of certain markers related to osteoclast formation. They also showed potential by suppressing inflammatory pathways within cells.
In addition to promising laboratory results, our findings indicated that mice treated with these lipid mediators exhibited significantly less swelling and inflammation in their paws. We noticed a decrease in inflammatory cytokines in their serum, which is crucial for managing autoimmune responses, while levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, increased.
These findings suggest that the lipid mediators derived from DHA can alleviate joint inflammation and damage associated with rheumatoid arthritis, indicating their potential as a therapeutic option. Overall, our research highlights the positive effects of DHA-related lipid mediators on autoimmune disorders like RA.
The study involved using collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice and examining RANKL-induced osteoclast formation using RAW264.7 cells. We observed that these lipid mediators effectively lowered the expression of certain markers related to osteoclast formation. They also showed potential by suppressing inflammatory pathways within cells.
In addition to promising laboratory results, our findings indicated that mice treated with these lipid mediators exhibited significantly less swelling and inflammation in their paws. We noticed a decrease in inflammatory cytokines in their serum, which is crucial for managing autoimmune responses, while levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, increased.
These findings suggest that the lipid mediators derived from DHA can alleviate joint inflammation and damage associated with rheumatoid arthritis, indicating their potential as a therapeutic option. Overall, our research highlights the positive effects of DHA-related lipid mediators on autoimmune disorders like RA.
Read More
9
DHA shows promise for autoimmunity
We conducted a study to evaluate how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, can impact autoimmune disorders, specifically using an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this investigation, we worked with twenty-five Dark Agouti rats, dividing them into distinct groups. Some received DHA, while others served as controls, allowing for comparisons of its effectiveness on clinical symptoms and levels of oxidative stress.
Over the course of 51 days, DHA was administered via injections, with a daily 40 mg/kg dosage given five days a week. What we observed was quite encouraging. The DHA supplementation appeared to lead to a reduction in oxidative stress markers and showed improvements in clinical scores related to the disease. These results suggest that DHA has the potential to positively influence the progression of MS.
Furthermore, we believe this effect may be linked to DHA’s ability to activate Nrf2, an important antioxidant factor in our bodies. Overall, our findings indicate that DHA could be a beneficial treatment option for managing multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune conditions.
Over the course of 51 days, DHA was administered via injections, with a daily 40 mg/kg dosage given five days a week. What we observed was quite encouraging. The DHA supplementation appeared to lead to a reduction in oxidative stress markers and showed improvements in clinical scores related to the disease. These results suggest that DHA has the potential to positively influence the progression of MS.
Furthermore, we believe this effect may be linked to DHA’s ability to activate Nrf2, an important antioxidant factor in our bodies. Overall, our findings indicate that DHA could be a beneficial treatment option for managing multiple sclerosis and possibly other autoimmune conditions.
Read More
9
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key fatty acid, influences autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). Our findings revealed that fatty acid metabolism, particularly through the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), plays a critical role in the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are important for maintaining immune balance.
The absence of SCD1 in T cells leads to increased hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine. This process, facilitated by an enzyme known as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), results in the release of DHA, which further enhances Treg differentiation. By activating the nuclear receptor known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, DHA helps promote a more robust Treg population, potentially reducing the risk of autoimmune reactions.
Our exploration underscores the significance of dietary fatty acids in regulating immune responses. By highlighting DHA's role in modulating Treg differentiation and its potential implications for treating autoimmune conditions, this study paves the way for future dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling autoimmune disorders like MS.
The absence of SCD1 in T cells leads to increased hydrolysis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine. This process, facilitated by an enzyme known as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), results in the release of DHA, which further enhances Treg differentiation. By activating the nuclear receptor known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, DHA helps promote a more robust Treg population, potentially reducing the risk of autoimmune reactions.
Our exploration underscores the significance of dietary fatty acids in regulating immune responses. By highlighting DHA's role in modulating Treg differentiation and its potential implications for treating autoimmune conditions, this study paves the way for future dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling autoimmune disorders like MS.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on fibroblast-like synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study demonstrated that DHA prompted cells to undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death, particularly through a process dependent on caspase-8. This occurred in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that higher amounts of DHA resulted in greater cell death.
Additionally, we observed that DHA was effective in reducing inflammation markers, such as MMP-9 and IL-1β, which are often heightened in autoimmune conditions like RA. The treatment also triggered important cellular responses, including the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers like CHOP.
We discovered that lowering levels of CHOP or another protein called DR5 improved cell survival and diminished DHA-induced apoptosis. Importantly, our findings revealed that DHA led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful byproducts that can damage cells. When we treated cells with an antioxidant, we found that it significantly reduced the expression of both CHOP and DR5, as well as the associated cell death.
Our results were consistent across both laboratory cell lines and primary synovial cells directly obtained from RA patients. This suggests that DHA may offer a new avenue for treatment by harnessing the body's cellular responses to combat the destructive processes of RA.
Additionally, we observed that DHA was effective in reducing inflammation markers, such as MMP-9 and IL-1β, which are often heightened in autoimmune conditions like RA. The treatment also triggered important cellular responses, including the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers like CHOP.
We discovered that lowering levels of CHOP or another protein called DR5 improved cell survival and diminished DHA-induced apoptosis. Importantly, our findings revealed that DHA led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful byproducts that can damage cells. When we treated cells with an antioxidant, we found that it significantly reduced the expression of both CHOP and DR5, as well as the associated cell death.
Our results were consistent across both laboratory cell lines and primary synovial cells directly obtained from RA patients. This suggests that DHA may offer a new avenue for treatment by harnessing the body's cellular responses to combat the destructive processes of RA.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.6
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Highly recommend fish oil
29 people found this helpful
I have tried various fish oil brands, and this one is by far the best. Its effects are noticeable quickly, and I have ordered it again. I highly recommend this product!
Read More
9
Improved wellbeing
10 people found this helpful
Honestly, I find it excellent. I started using it due to my autoimmune disorder, which caused me health issues. It's helped me feel better and regain my appetite. I will continue to buy it until I am completely healed.
Read More
9
No allergic reactions
This fish oil has been great for my allergic child with an autoimmune disorder; there were no rashes, and he took it without difficulty.
Read More
7.5
Child-friendly supplement
3 people found this helpful
This fish oil has a high omega-3 content and is pleasant to drink. My child enjoys it, and it seems to support him well without any negative reactions.
Read More
7.5
Skin improvement
3 people found this helpful
I chose this fish oil after much research and I am very satisfied. It’s pleasant to take and has positively affected my skin, making it more supple and reducing fine wrinkles. I plan to keep ordering it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Highly recommend fish oil
29 people found this helpful
I have tried various fish oil brands, and this one is by far the best. Its effects are noticeable quickly, and I have ordered it again. I highly recommend this product!
9
Improved wellbeing
10 people found this helpful
Honestly, I find it excellent. I started using it due to my autoimmune disorder, which caused me health issues. It's helped me feel better and regain my appetite. I will continue to buy it until I am completely healed.
9
No allergic reactions
This fish oil has been great for my allergic child with an autoimmune disorder; there were no rashes, and he took it without difficulty.
7.5
Skin improvement
3 people found this helpful
I chose this fish oil after much research and I am very satisfied. It’s pleasant to take and has positively affected my skin, making it more supple and reducing fine wrinkles. I plan to keep ordering it.
7.5
Child-friendly supplement
3 people found this helpful
This fish oil has a high omega-3 content and is pleasant to drink. My child enjoys it, and it seems to support him well without any negative reactions.
References
- Cortese M, Riise T, Bjørnevik K, Holmøy T, Kampman MT, et al. Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study. Mult Scler. 2015;21:1856. 10.1177/1352458515578770
- McDowell TY, Amr S, Culpepper WJ, Langenberg P, Royal W, et al. Sun exposure, vitamin D intake and progression to disability among veterans with progressive multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology. 2011;37:52. 10.1159/000329258
- McDowell TY, Amr S, Culpepper WJ, Langenberg P, Royal W, et al. Sun exposure, vitamin D and age at disease onset in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology. 2011;36:39. 10.1159/000322512
- Galarraga B, Ho M, Youssef HM, Hill A, McMahon H, et al. Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:665. 10.1093/rheumatology/ken024
- Norris JM, Yin X, Lamb MM, Barriga K, Seifert J, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2007;298:1420.
- Kampman MT, Wilsgaard T, Mellgren SI. Outdoor activities and diet in childhood and adolescence relate to MS risk above the Arctic Circle. J Neurol. 2007;254:471.
- Vermel' AE. [Clinical application of omega-3-fatty acids (cod-liver oil)]. Klin Med (Mosk). 2005;83:51.
- Gruenwald J, Graubaum HJ, Harde A. Effect of cod liver oil on symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Ther. 2002;19:101.
- Blaser J, Triebel S, Maasjosthusmann U, Romisch J, Krahl-Mateblowski U, et al. Determination of metalloproteinases, plasminogen-activators and their inhibitors in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during chemical synoviorthesis. Clin Chim Acta. 1996;244:17.
- Olness K, Ader R. Conditioning as an adjunct in the pharmacotherapy of lupus erythematosus. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1992;13:124.
- Gilley KN, Fenton JI, Zick SM, Li K, Wang L, et al. Serum fatty acid profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus and patient reported outcomes: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Program. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1459297. 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1459297
- Szczuko M, Kacprzak J, Przybylska A, Szczuko U, Pobłocki J, et al. The Influence of an Anti-Inflammatory Gluten-Free Diet with EPA and DHA on the Involvement of Maresin and Resolvins in Hashimoto's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. 10.3390/ijms252111692
- Su Y, Han Y, Choi HS, Lee GY, Cho HW, et al. Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;171:116153. 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116153
- Wang M, Rajkumar S, Lai Y, Liu X, He J, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures as local perpetuators of organ-specific immune injury: implication for lupus nephritis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1204777. 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204777
- Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM, Galván A, Valdelvira ME, Caballero-Villarraso J, et al. Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;124:109497. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109497
- Poggioli R, Hirani K, Jogani VG, Ricordi C. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids: a possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27:7380. 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33310
- Léger T, Brun A, Lanchais K, Rigaudière JP, Briat A, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid and etanercept could reduce functional and metabolic alterations during collagen-induced arthritis in rats without any synergistic effect. Life Sci. 2023;327:121826. 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121826
- Grajchen E, Loix M, Baeten P, Côrte-Real BF, Hamad I, et al. Fatty acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023;20:666. 10.1038/s41423-023-01011-2
- Marchand NE, Choi MY, Oakes EG, Cook NR, Stevens E, et al. Over-the-counter fish oil supplementation and pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023;190:102542. 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542
- Jeong M, Shin JI, Cho J, Jeon YJ, Kim JH, et al. DHA Induces Cell Death through the Production of ROS and the Upregulation of CHOP in Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells from Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. 10.3390/ijms24021734
- Kim JS, Soto-Diaz K, Bingham TW, Steelman AJ, Das A. Role of omega-3 endocannabinoids in the modulation of T-cell activity in a multiple sclerosis experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. J Biol Chem. 2023;299:102886. 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102886
- Xie R, Zhang Y. Association between 19 dietary fatty acids intake and rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a nationwide survey. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023;188:102530. 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102530
- Wierenga KA, Riemers FM, Westendorp B, Harkema JR, Pestka JJ. Single cell analysis of docosahexaenoic acid suppression of sequential LPS-induced proinflammatory and interferon-regulated gene expression in the macrophage. Front Immunol. 2022;13:993614. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993614
- Ghasemi Darestani N, Bahrami A, Mozafarian MR, Esmalian Afyouni N, Akhavanfar R, et al. Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14214627
- Gkiouras K, Grammatikopoulou MG, Myrogiannis I, Papamitsou T, Rigopoulou EI, et al. Efficacy of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis' disease activity indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64:16. 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104210
- Hassanshahi G, Noroozi Karimabad M, Jebali A. The therapeutic effect of PEGlated nanoliposome of pistachio unsaturated oils and its efficacy to attenuate inflammation in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial phase I. J Neuroimmunol. 2022;362:577768. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577768
- Wang W, Xu Y, Zhou J, Zang Y. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rheumatol. 2024;43:2479. 10.1007/s10067-024-07040-0
- Jannas-Vela S, Candia AA, Peñailillo L, Barrios-Troncoso P, Zapata-Urzúa J, et al. Role of specialized pro-resolving mediators on inflammation, cardiometabolic health, disease progression, and quality of life after omega-3 PUFA supplementation and aerobic exercise training in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized 16-week, placebo-controlled interventional trial. F1000Res. 2023;12:942. 10.12688/f1000research.138392.1
- Liu A, Li Z, Zeng J, Peng Y, Wang S, et al. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus by suppressing autoimmunity in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;126:111299. 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111299
- Thérien A, Cieślak A, Verreault M, Perreault M, Trottier J, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Pharmaco-Nutraceutical Approach to Improve the Responsiveness to Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Nutrients. 2021;13. 10.3390/nu13082617
- Kobayashi A, Ito A, Shirakawa I, Tamura A, Tomono S, et al. Dietary Supplementation With Eicosapentaenoic Acid Inhibits Plasma Cell Differentiation and Attenuates Lupus Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2021;12:650856. 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650856
- Gorczyca D, Szponar B, Paściak M, Czajkowska A, Szmyrka M. Serum levels of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with disease activity: a pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2022;51:230. 10.1080/03009742.2021.1923183
- Fan Z, Ross RP, Stanton C, Hou B, Zhao J, et al. CCFM1074 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats Balancing Treg/Th17 and Modulating the Metabolites and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol. 2021;12:680073. 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680073
- Song J, Sun R, Zhang Y, Ke J, Zhao D. Serum resolvin E1 levels and its relationship with thyroid autoimmunity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a preliminary study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:66. 10.1186/s12902-021-00730-9
- Oner F, Alvarez C, Yaghmoor W, Stephens D, Hasturk H, et al. Resolvin E1 Regulates Th17 Function and T Cell Activation. Front Immunol. 2021;12:637983. 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637983
- Hakola L, Oikarinen M, Niinistö S, Cuthbertson D, Lehtonen J, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study. Clin Nutr. 2022;41:2729. 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017
- Gomez EA, Colas RA, Souza PR, Hands R, Lewis MJ, et al. Blood pro-resolving mediators are linked with synovial pathology and are predictive of DMARD responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun. 2020;11:5420. 10.1038/s41467-020-19176-z
- Woodman RJ, Baghdadi LR, Shanahan EM, de Silva I, Hodgson JM, et al. Diets high in n-3 fatty acids are associated with lower arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a latent profile analysis. Br J Nutr. 2019;121:182. 10.1017/S0007114518003100
- Gan RW, Bemis EA, Demoruelle MK, Striebich CC, Brake S, et al. The association between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and inflammatory arthritis in an anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive population. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56:2229. 10.1093/rheumatology/kex360
- Morin C, Blier PU, Fortin S. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides are more potent than docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride to resolve inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:142. 10.1186/s13075-015-0653-y
- Norris JM, Kroehl M, Fingerlin TE, Frederiksen BN, Seifert J, et al. Erythrocyte membrane docosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with islet autoimmunity: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Diabetologia. 2014;57:295. 10.1007/s00125-013-3106-7
