Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, making it highly contagious in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces. TB is characterized by symptoms such as a persistent cough, chest pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. While some people can carry the bacteria without becoming ill—a condition known as latent TB—others may develop an active infection that requires prompt medical intervention.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of skin tests, blood tests, and chest X-rays, with treatment usually involving a lengthy course of antibiotics—often lasting six months or longer—to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Preventative measures, like vaccination and timely treatment of active cases, play a crucial role in controlling the spread of tuberculosis. Overall, while TB remains a significant global health issue, it is manageable with appropriate medical care.