Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 15 Researches
7.9
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Capsules
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
5
Total Carbohydrate
1 g
<1%*
Proprietary Extract BlendOrganic Echinacea purpurea root, seed and aerial parts, Organic Echinacea angustifolia root, Organic Echinacea purpurea root supercritical CO2 extract.
955 mg
†
Alkylamides
3 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Echinacea shows promise against influenza
We focused on how echinacea, a well-known wildflower, can combat viruses that commonly cause respiratory infections, specifically influenza A and B, as well as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Through a methodical approach, we evaluated the effects of a 60% ethanol extract of echinacea and its active compound, chicoric acid (CA), on these viruses.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
Read More
9
Echinacea shows effectiveness against influenza
We conducted a well-structured clinical trial to scrutinize the effectiveness of a new Echinacea formulation, named Echinaforce Hotdrink, against oseltamivir, a widely recognized antiviral medication for influenza. This study involved 473 patients who had early symptoms of the flu, allowing us to compare how each treatment influenced recovery.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
Read More
9
Echinacea's potential against influenza
We delved into the potential of Echinacea purpurea, particularly its standardized extract, to combat influenza viruses. Given concerns about the effectiveness and availability of traditional antiviral treatments like vaccines and medications, especially during outbreaks, our study aimed to understand how this herbal remedy might serve as a helpful alternative.
Through our research, we found that Echinacea was effective in inactivating various strains of the influenza virus, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine-origin H1N1. The extract worked at doses that were close to what is usually recommended for oral intake, showing that even lower concentrations could also have a significant effect.
Interestingly, one of the key findings was that Echinacea appears to disrupt the virus’s ability to enter cells. This means that taking Echinacea could potentially prevent the virus from spreading within the body. Moreover, unlike some antiviral drugs that can lead to resistant strains of the virus, no resistant variants appeared when testing Echinacea. This suggests that it might offer a reliable alternative without the risk of creating drug-resistant viruses.
Overall, we believe that incorporating a standardized Echinacea preparation into flu prevention strategies could be a valuable and cost-effective addition to existing options. It provides another tool in our fight against influenza, reinforcing the importance of exploring natural remedies alongside traditional treatments.
Through our research, we found that Echinacea was effective in inactivating various strains of the influenza virus, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine-origin H1N1. The extract worked at doses that were close to what is usually recommended for oral intake, showing that even lower concentrations could also have a significant effect.
Interestingly, one of the key findings was that Echinacea appears to disrupt the virus’s ability to enter cells. This means that taking Echinacea could potentially prevent the virus from spreading within the body. Moreover, unlike some antiviral drugs that can lead to resistant strains of the virus, no resistant variants appeared when testing Echinacea. This suggests that it might offer a reliable alternative without the risk of creating drug-resistant viruses.
Overall, we believe that incorporating a standardized Echinacea preparation into flu prevention strategies could be a valuable and cost-effective addition to existing options. It provides another tool in our fight against influenza, reinforcing the importance of exploring natural remedies alongside traditional treatments.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Effective for recovery
1 people found this helpful
Very effective for influenza. I have repurchased this product multiple times. My boyfriend recovered quickly after using it for just 1-2 days, which prevented a week-long illness. I recommended it to a friend whose child and husband were infected; it worked wonders for them too. Purple Daisy has now become an essential supplement in my home. When infected, I suggest taking 2 pills every 2 hours and several times daily, especially combined with vitamin C for better results.
Read More
9
Quick recovery noted
I find it essential for influenza when first feeling unwell. My 14-year-old son improved rapidly after taking it, avoiding the need for Tamiflu. It's an excellent product suitable for the entire family.
Read More
7.5
Cold prevention aid
This is a great aid for preventing colds. During influenza peak periods, I take it daily to bolster my immunity.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 15 Researches
7.9
- All Researches
9
Echinacea shows promise against influenza
We focused on how echinacea, a well-known wildflower, can combat viruses that commonly cause respiratory infections, specifically influenza A and B, as well as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Through a methodical approach, we evaluated the effects of a 60% ethanol extract of echinacea and its active compound, chicoric acid (CA), on these viruses.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
Read More
9
We investigated how a commercial product called Immulant, which contains Echinacea and Nigella sativa, impacts the immune response to the H9N2 avian influenza virus in stressed chickens. The study involved several experimental groups including vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens, some of which were also given dexamethasone to induce stress, while others received Immulant.
After administering Immulant for six weeks following vaccination, we observed significant improvements in various health markers compared to those chickens that did not receive it. Specifically, Immulant showed promise in boosting the immune response after vaccination, enhancing protection against the virus, and reducing stress-induced effects.
The findings suggest that incorporating such herbal treatments could be beneficial for poultry health, particularly in enhancing vaccine efficacy in stressful conditions. This could be an important consideration for poultry farmers looking to bolster their flocks' defenses against influenza.
After administering Immulant for six weeks following vaccination, we observed significant improvements in various health markers compared to those chickens that did not receive it. Specifically, Immulant showed promise in boosting the immune response after vaccination, enhancing protection against the virus, and reducing stress-induced effects.
The findings suggest that incorporating such herbal treatments could be beneficial for poultry health, particularly in enhancing vaccine efficacy in stressful conditions. This could be an important consideration for poultry farmers looking to bolster their flocks' defenses against influenza.
Read More
9
Echinacea reduces influenza complications
We assessed how Echinacea purpurea, an herbal medicine, affects influenza virus A infections, especially regarding bacterial infections that can follow. Our focus was on the way Echinacea might help mitigate complications caused by influenza, such as pneumonia or bronchitis, which can occur when the viral infection makes the airways more susceptible to bacteria.
Through our research, we learned that when bronchial cells are infected with the influenza virus, they become more attractive to harmful bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. This happens due to an increase in certain surface receptors on the cells, which are like welcoming signs for these bacteria. However, when we introduced Echinacea, we observed a significant reduction in the expression of these receptors, thus preventing bacteria from adhering to the cells.
Additionally, Echinacea appeared to help keep inflammation in check. By reducing the levels of inflammatory markers and certain pathways that lead to inflammation, it potentially lowers the risk of severe respiratory complications. Our findings suggest that Echinacea purpurea could play a crucial role not only in supporting the immune response against influenza but also in reducing the chances of secondary bacterial infections.
Through our research, we learned that when bronchial cells are infected with the influenza virus, they become more attractive to harmful bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. This happens due to an increase in certain surface receptors on the cells, which are like welcoming signs for these bacteria. However, when we introduced Echinacea, we observed a significant reduction in the expression of these receptors, thus preventing bacteria from adhering to the cells.
Additionally, Echinacea appeared to help keep inflammation in check. By reducing the levels of inflammatory markers and certain pathways that lead to inflammation, it potentially lowers the risk of severe respiratory complications. Our findings suggest that Echinacea purpurea could play a crucial role not only in supporting the immune response against influenza but also in reducing the chances of secondary bacterial infections.
Read More
9
Echinacea shows effectiveness against influenza
We conducted a well-structured clinical trial to scrutinize the effectiveness of a new Echinacea formulation, named Echinaforce Hotdrink, against oseltamivir, a widely recognized antiviral medication for influenza. This study involved 473 patients who had early symptoms of the flu, allowing us to compare how each treatment influenced recovery.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
Read More
9
Echinacea's potential against influenza
We delved into the potential of Echinacea purpurea, particularly its standardized extract, to combat influenza viruses. Given concerns about the effectiveness and availability of traditional antiviral treatments like vaccines and medications, especially during outbreaks, our study aimed to understand how this herbal remedy might serve as a helpful alternative.
Through our research, we found that Echinacea was effective in inactivating various strains of the influenza virus, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine-origin H1N1. The extract worked at doses that were close to what is usually recommended for oral intake, showing that even lower concentrations could also have a significant effect.
Interestingly, one of the key findings was that Echinacea appears to disrupt the virus’s ability to enter cells. This means that taking Echinacea could potentially prevent the virus from spreading within the body. Moreover, unlike some antiviral drugs that can lead to resistant strains of the virus, no resistant variants appeared when testing Echinacea. This suggests that it might offer a reliable alternative without the risk of creating drug-resistant viruses.
Overall, we believe that incorporating a standardized Echinacea preparation into flu prevention strategies could be a valuable and cost-effective addition to existing options. It provides another tool in our fight against influenza, reinforcing the importance of exploring natural remedies alongside traditional treatments.
Through our research, we found that Echinacea was effective in inactivating various strains of the influenza virus, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza and swine-origin H1N1. The extract worked at doses that were close to what is usually recommended for oral intake, showing that even lower concentrations could also have a significant effect.
Interestingly, one of the key findings was that Echinacea appears to disrupt the virus’s ability to enter cells. This means that taking Echinacea could potentially prevent the virus from spreading within the body. Moreover, unlike some antiviral drugs that can lead to resistant strains of the virus, no resistant variants appeared when testing Echinacea. This suggests that it might offer a reliable alternative without the risk of creating drug-resistant viruses.
Overall, we believe that incorporating a standardized Echinacea preparation into flu prevention strategies could be a valuable and cost-effective addition to existing options. It provides another tool in our fight against influenza, reinforcing the importance of exploring natural remedies alongside traditional treatments.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.6
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
10
Effective for recovery
1 people found this helpful
Very effective for influenza. I have repurchased this product multiple times. My boyfriend recovered quickly after using it for just 1-2 days, which prevented a week-long illness. I recommended it to a friend whose child and husband were infected; it worked wonders for them too. Purple Daisy has now become an essential supplement in my home. When infected, I suggest taking 2 pills every 2 hours and several times daily, especially combined with vitamin C for better results.
Read More
9
Quick recovery noted
I find it essential for influenza when first feeling unwell. My 14-year-old son improved rapidly after taking it, avoiding the need for Tamiflu. It's an excellent product suitable for the entire family.
Read More
7.5
Cold prevention aid
This is a great aid for preventing colds. During influenza peak periods, I take it daily to bolster my immunity.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
10
Effective for recovery
1 people found this helpful
Very effective for influenza. I have repurchased this product multiple times. My boyfriend recovered quickly after using it for just 1-2 days, which prevented a week-long illness. I recommended it to a friend whose child and husband were infected; it worked wonders for them too. Purple Daisy has now become an essential supplement in my home. When infected, I suggest taking 2 pills every 2 hours and several times daily, especially combined with vitamin C for better results.
9
Quick recovery noted
I find it essential for influenza when first feeling unwell. My 14-year-old son improved rapidly after taking it, avoiding the need for Tamiflu. It's an excellent product suitable for the entire family.
7.5
Cold prevention aid
This is a great aid for preventing colds. During influenza peak periods, I take it daily to bolster my immunity.
7
We explored the potential of Echinacea purpurea as a natural treatment for influenza A virus (IAV). The research highlighted its effectiveness in preventing the entry or binding of the virus to host cells. This means that Echinacea could potentially stop the virus before it has a chance to invade and multiply within our bodies.
Several studies indicate that while Echinacea shows promise, it should be seen as part of a broader approach to combating IAV. We also noted that other plant extracts, like Silybum marianum and Scutellaria baicalensis, were noted for their antiviral effects, but Echinacea specifically works by blocking the virus's access to cells.
Overall, we found that there is a foundation for considering Echinacea as a complementary therapy for influenza, but further research is needed to fully understand its capabilities and to develop specific treatments. We should be cautious about relying solely on Echinacea, as the fight against flu viruses often requires a multifaceted strategy.
Several studies indicate that while Echinacea shows promise, it should be seen as part of a broader approach to combating IAV. We also noted that other plant extracts, like Silybum marianum and Scutellaria baicalensis, were noted for their antiviral effects, but Echinacea specifically works by blocking the virus's access to cells.
Overall, we found that there is a foundation for considering Echinacea as a complementary therapy for influenza, but further research is needed to fully understand its capabilities and to develop specific treatments. We should be cautious about relying solely on Echinacea, as the fight against flu viruses often requires a multifaceted strategy.
9
Echinacea shows promise against influenza
We focused on how echinacea, a well-known wildflower, can combat viruses that commonly cause respiratory infections, specifically influenza A and B, as well as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Through a methodical approach, we evaluated the effects of a 60% ethanol extract of echinacea and its active compound, chicoric acid (CA), on these viruses.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
Our research utilized various tests to measure the antiviral effectiveness of echinacea. We observed that both the extract and chicoric acid significantly reduced the infectivity of H1N1, IVB, and RSV-A in controlled experiments. Notably, our findings indicated a decrease in viral gene expression and confirmed through microscopy that echinacea's components could limit the ability of these viruses to infect host cells.
Additionally, we found that echinacea's extract and chicoric acid effectively hindered the attachment of H1N1 and IVB viruses to cell receptors, showcasing their potential utility in preventing these viral infections. With this strong set of results, we believe that echinacea could serve as a promising natural remedy or ingredient in functional health foods aimed at reducing the impact of viral respiratory infections.
9
Echinacea shows effectiveness against influenza
We conducted a well-structured clinical trial to scrutinize the effectiveness of a new Echinacea formulation, named Echinaforce Hotdrink, against oseltamivir, a widely recognized antiviral medication for influenza. This study involved 473 patients who had early symptoms of the flu, allowing us to compare how each treatment influenced recovery.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
Participants were given either 5 days of oseltamivir followed by placebo or a 10-day regimen of Echinaforce Hotdrink. By evaluating the proportion of patients who reported their symptoms as absent or mild, we aimed to determine if Echinacea could hold its own against the established antiviral treatment.
Remarkably, we found that Echinaforce Hotdrink was comparable in effectiveness to oseltamivir. Not only did it demonstrate a similar level of symptom relief, but it also seemed to come with a lower risk of complications and adverse effects. This positions Echinacea as a promising option for those seeking natural self-care solutions when facing influenza.
7
Echinacea's role in influenza inflammation
We explored the effectiveness of extracts and isolated alkylamides from Echinacea purpurea in managing inflammation caused by infections with influenza A, specifically the H1N1 strain. Seventeen different extracts and four specific alkylamides were examined for their ability to reduce the production of various cytokines and other inflammatory mediators from RAW 264.7 cells, which are similar to macrophages in our immune system.
Our findings revealed that certain alkylamides, such as dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide, were particularly effective at suppressing key inflammatory substances like TNF-α and PGE₂. This suggests a potential for these compounds to alleviate some symptoms associated with influenza infections.
However, the results were mixed when we looked at the different ethanol extracts of Echinacea, which sometimes stimulated rather than suppressed inflammatory responses. While the raw extracts showed promise, especially after we adjusted them, it became clear that the effectiveness varied widely depending on the specific preparation and composition.
Overall, although our study indicates that Echinacea extracts might help mitigate inflammation linked to influenza A infections, we acknowledge that further research is essential to fully understand how to maximize the beneficial effects of these natural products.
Our findings revealed that certain alkylamides, such as dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide, were particularly effective at suppressing key inflammatory substances like TNF-α and PGE₂. This suggests a potential for these compounds to alleviate some symptoms associated with influenza infections.
However, the results were mixed when we looked at the different ethanol extracts of Echinacea, which sometimes stimulated rather than suppressed inflammatory responses. While the raw extracts showed promise, especially after we adjusted them, it became clear that the effectiveness varied widely depending on the specific preparation and composition.
Overall, although our study indicates that Echinacea extracts might help mitigate inflammation linked to influenza A infections, we acknowledge that further research is essential to fully understand how to maximize the beneficial effects of these natural products.
References
- Arumugam H, Wong KH, Low ZY, Lal S, Choo WS. Plant extracts as a source of antiviral agents against influenza A virus. J Appl Microbiol. 2025. 10.1093/jambio/lxaf056
- Lee SK, Lee DR, Min DE, Park SH, Kim DG, et al. Ethanolic Extract from (L.) Moench Inhibits Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection : Preventive Agent for Viral Respiratory Infections. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2024;29:332. 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.3.332
- Wang X, Chen J, Chan Y, Li S, Li M, et al. Effect of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and its extracts on the immunization outcome of avian influenza vaccine in broilers. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;319:117306. 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117306
- Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021;26:33. 10.1186/s40001-021-00499-6
- Eladl AH, Arafat N, El-Shafei RA, Farag VM, Saleh RM, et al. Comparative immune response and pathogenicity of the H9N2 avian influenza virus after administration of Immulant, based on Echinacea and Nigella sativa, in stressed chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;65:165. 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.017
- Razin MAF, Osman A, Ali MA, Bahgat MM, Maghraby AS. Immune responses to killed reassorted influenza virus supplemented with natural adjuvants. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2017;64:313. 10.1556/030.64.2017.011
- Vimalanathan S, Schoop R, Suter A, Hudson J. Prevention of influenza virus induced bacterial superinfection by standardized Echinacea purpurea, via regulation of surface receptor expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Virus Res. 2017;233:51. 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.03.006
- Rauš K, Pleschka S, Klein P, Schoop R, Fisher P. Effect of an Echinacea-Based Hot Drink Versus Oseltamivir in Influenza Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter, Noninferiority Clinical Trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015;77:66. 10.1016/j.curtheres.2015.04.001
- Di Pierro F, Rapacioli G, Ferrara T, Togni S. Use of a standardized extract from Echinacea angustifolia (Polinacea) for the prevention of respiratory tract infections. Altern Med Rev. 2012;17:36.
- Cech NB, Kandhi V, Davis JM, Hamilton A, Eads D, et al. Echinacea and its alkylamides: effects on the influenza A-induced secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and PGE₂ from RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10:1268. 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.07.009
- Fusco D, Liu X, Savage C, Taur Y, Xiao W, et al. Echinacea purpurea aerial extract alters course of influenza infection in mice. Vaccine. 2010;28:3956. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.047
- Pleschka S, Stein M, Schoop R, Hudson JB. Anti-viral properties and mode of action of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1, H7N7) and swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV). Virol J. 2009;6:197. 10.1186/1743-422X-6-197
- Senchina DS, Wu L, Flinn GN, Konopka del N, McCoy JA, et al. Year-and-a-half old, dried Echinacea roots retain cytokine-modulating capabilities in an in vitro human older adult model of influenza vaccination. Planta Med. 2006;72:1207.
- Bodinet C, Mentel R, Wegner U, Lindequist U, Teuscher E, et al. Effect of oral application of an immunomodulating plant extract on Influenza virus type A infection in mice. Planta Med. 2002;68:896.
- Puchalski K, Gerstel JA, Jimoh A, Shokoohinia Y, Langland J. Effects of and Alkylamides on Respiratory Virus Replication and IL-8 Expression In Vitro. Molecules. 2025;30. 10.3390/molecules30020386
