5/7/2025
Last update
5/7/2025
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 39 Researches
7.1
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.8
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Capsules
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D* (as D3)
25 mcg (1,000 IU)
125%
Women's Probiotic BlendLactobacillus plantarumLactobacillus acidophilusLactobacillus paracaseiLactobacillus rhamnosusLactobacillus gasseriLactobacillus caseiLactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®Lactobacillus reuteriLactobacillus brevisLactobacillus bulgaricusLactobacillus salivariusTotal Lacto Cultures (45 Billion CFU)Bifidobacterium lactisBifidobacterium bifidumBifidobacterium breveBifidobacterium infantisBifidobacterium longumTotal Bifido Cultures (5 Billion CFU)
164 mg
+
Total Probiotic Cultures
50 Billion CFU¹
Organic Pacran® Whole Cranberry (fruit)
500 mg
+
Organic Prebiotic Fiber BlendOrganic Potato [Resistant Starch] (tuber), Organic Acacia Fiber (A. senegal)
439 mg
+
Top Medical Research Studies
8
We set out to explore the connection between serum vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our thorough investigation involved a systematic review and meta-analysis of various studies, including 12 case-control studies and a cross-sectional study. This comprehensive analysis incorporated data from a total of 839 children suffering from UTIs and 929 healthy controls.
Through our analysis, we observed that children diagnosed with UTIs had notably lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to healthier counterparts. The findings indicated that low vitamin D levels were indeed associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a UTI, with a significant increase in this risk for children whose vitamin D levels fell below 20 ng/mL. Specifically, children with vitamin D levels under this threshold had a much higher risk of developing UTIs.
Overall, our review strengthens the case for considering vitamin D levels as a potential risk factor in urinary tract infections among children, especially when those levels drop below the critical point.
Through our analysis, we observed that children diagnosed with UTIs had notably lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to healthier counterparts. The findings indicated that low vitamin D levels were indeed associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a UTI, with a significant increase in this risk for children whose vitamin D levels fell below 20 ng/mL. Specifically, children with vitamin D levels under this threshold had a much higher risk of developing UTIs.
Overall, our review strengthens the case for considering vitamin D levels as a potential risk factor in urinary tract infections among children, especially when those levels drop below the critical point.
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8
We set out to explore the link between vitamin D deficiency and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Our research included a well-defined case-control study with children aged one to five years. We compared 82 children experiencing their first febrile UTI to 82 healthy peers.
By measuring vitamin D levels in their blood, we found that children suffering from UTIs had significantly lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. The average level in the UTI group was 24.27 ng/mL, while the control group had a healthier average of 31.97 ng/mL. Alarmingly, we discovered that 41.5% of the children with UTIs were vitamin D deficient compared to just 2.2% in the healthy group.
Our study indicates that low vitamin D levels may indeed be a risk factor for UTIs in young children. This finding sheds light on an important aspect of pediatric health that could lead to better prevention strategies for these infections.
By measuring vitamin D levels in their blood, we found that children suffering from UTIs had significantly lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. The average level in the UTI group was 24.27 ng/mL, while the control group had a healthier average of 31.97 ng/mL. Alarmingly, we discovered that 41.5% of the children with UTIs were vitamin D deficient compared to just 2.2% in the healthy group.
Our study indicates that low vitamin D levels may indeed be a risk factor for UTIs in young children. This finding sheds light on an important aspect of pediatric health that could lead to better prevention strategies for these infections.
Read More
9
We investigated whether a probiotic mix containing Lactobacillus acidophilus could prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children aged 4 months to 5 years.
The study involved 181 children divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other a placebo, over 18 months.
Results showed that the probiotic group had a lower recurrence of UTIs, with a composite cure rate of 96.7% compared to 83.3% in the placebo group. Overall, using this probiotic mixture may be a promising non-antibiotic option for UTI prevention in young children.
The study involved 181 children divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other a placebo, over 18 months.
Results showed that the probiotic group had a lower recurrence of UTIs, with a composite cure rate of 96.7% compared to 83.3% in the placebo group. Overall, using this probiotic mixture may be a promising non-antibiotic option for UTI prevention in young children.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Highly effective
10 people found this helpful
THIS STUFF IS AMAZING. I have suffered from chronic urinary tract infections for 15 years, having had six infections last year. Since starting this product, I haven’t had an infection since! My doctor is baffled.
Read More
10
Resolved infections
4 people found this helpful
Highly recommend. My mother is in her eighties and has had considerable issues with recurring urinary tract infections. After using the product, she has been infection-free for almost a year. Her gut health has also improved. We highly recommend this product!
Read More
9
Bladder improvement
2 people found this helpful
Healthy life choices! I struggle with a weak bladder and muscle spasms daily. However, this product has greatly helped my bladder. Since it entered my system, I haven't had a urinary tract infection, despite being prone to them. Drinking plenty of water also helps this product flush my system.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 39 Researches
7.1
- All Researches
9
We investigated whether a probiotic mix containing Lactobacillus acidophilus could prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children aged 4 months to 5 years.
The study involved 181 children divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other a placebo, over 18 months.
Results showed that the probiotic group had a lower recurrence of UTIs, with a composite cure rate of 96.7% compared to 83.3% in the placebo group. Overall, using this probiotic mixture may be a promising non-antibiotic option for UTI prevention in young children.
The study involved 181 children divided into two groups, one receiving probiotics and the other a placebo, over 18 months.
Results showed that the probiotic group had a lower recurrence of UTIs, with a composite cure rate of 96.7% compared to 83.3% in the placebo group. Overall, using this probiotic mixture may be a promising non-antibiotic option for UTI prevention in young children.
Read More
9
We examined how a combination of D-mannose, Salicin, and Lactobacillus acidophilus could help those suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections caused by E. coli. During our study with 85 participants, we introduced this regimen over several weeks and surveyed symptoms through a bladder diary and a scale measuring pain levels.
The results were promising. Participants experienced notable reductions in pain and frequency of symptoms. However, while our findings indicate this approach could be beneficial, further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness.
The results were promising. Participants experienced notable reductions in pain and frequency of symptoms. However, while our findings indicate this approach could be beneficial, further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness.
Read More
9
We explored how locally isolated Lactobacillus species could tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections. Our study involved screening lactic acid bacteria extracted from spoiled produce against various resistant pathogens.
The results were promising, showing that these lactobacilli had antimicrobial activity against six out of seven tested uropathogens. This suggests that using Lactobacillus may be a viable alternative in the battle against UTIs, helping to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
The results were promising, showing that these lactobacilli had antimicrobial activity against six out of seven tested uropathogens. This suggests that using Lactobacillus may be a viable alternative in the battle against UTIs, helping to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
Read More
9
We investigated how by-products from Lactobacillus rhamnosus can affect uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the bacteria commonly responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Our findings revealed that lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and other compounds from these probiotics significantly inhibited the growth of UPEC.
Additionally, they reduced the production of proteins that help the bacteria cling to the urinary tract. This suggests that Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its by-products offer protective benefits against UTIs by combating harmful bacteria and reducing their ability to establish infections.
Additionally, they reduced the production of proteins that help the bacteria cling to the urinary tract. This suggests that Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its by-products offer protective benefits against UTIs by combating harmful bacteria and reducing their ability to establish infections.
Read More
8
Vitamin D deficiency increases UTI risk
We explored the link between vitamin D levels and late-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) among kidney transplant recipients. Our study analyzed data from 2,207 individuals who had measurements of their vitamin D levels after transplantation.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.8
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
10
Highly effective
10 people found this helpful
THIS STUFF IS AMAZING. I have suffered from chronic urinary tract infections for 15 years, having had six infections last year. Since starting this product, I haven’t had an infection since! My doctor is baffled.
Read More
10
Resolved infections
4 people found this helpful
Highly recommend. My mother is in her eighties and has had considerable issues with recurring urinary tract infections. After using the product, she has been infection-free for almost a year. Her gut health has also improved. We highly recommend this product!
Read More
9
Bladder improvement
2 people found this helpful
Healthy life choices! I struggle with a weak bladder and muscle spasms daily. However, this product has greatly helped my bladder. Since it entered my system, I haven't had a urinary tract infection, despite being prone to them. Drinking plenty of water also helps this product flush my system.
Read More
7.5
Prevents infections
2 people found this helpful
Vits. They work to prevent urinary tract infections.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7
We examined the impact of vitamin D on the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) as part of a broader review of nonantibiotic interventions. The study analyzed data from multiple randomized controlled trials, involving thousands of participants, to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D alongside other treatments.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D was part of a combination treatment known as triple therapy, which included cranberry and probiotics. While this combined approach showed benefits, isolating the individual effect of vitamin D on UTI prevention proved challenging. However, when we looked closer, we found that vitamin D did exhibit some efficacy in long-term follow-ups, specifically over a year, where it demonstrated a notable impact in reducing UTI incidents.
Overall, our exploration highlighted that while vitamin D plays a role in UTI prevention as part of a combination therapy, the evidence does not strongly support its standalone effectiveness. Therefore, those looking for UTI prevention strategies may find other nonantibiotic options, like probiotics and cranberry, to be more effective.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D was part of a combination treatment known as triple therapy, which included cranberry and probiotics. While this combined approach showed benefits, isolating the individual effect of vitamin D on UTI prevention proved challenging. However, when we looked closer, we found that vitamin D did exhibit some efficacy in long-term follow-ups, specifically over a year, where it demonstrated a notable impact in reducing UTI incidents.
Overall, our exploration highlighted that while vitamin D plays a role in UTI prevention as part of a combination therapy, the evidence does not strongly support its standalone effectiveness. Therefore, those looking for UTI prevention strategies may find other nonantibiotic options, like probiotics and cranberry, to be more effective.
4
We explored the connection between vitamin D deficiency and urinary tract infections (UTIs) among women of reproductive age. In this study, we analyzed a group of 75 women suffering from UTIs and compared them to a control group of 35 healthy women who did not have UTIs.
Our objective was clear: to understand whether low levels of vitamin D could increase the risk of developing frequent UTIs. This is particularly relevant because women in this age group have unique anatomical features that make them more vulnerable to infections.
Using an ELISA test, we measured the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in both groups. The findings were significant; the average vitamin D levels in women with UTIs were noticeably lower—11.09 ng/mL compared to 24.08 ng/mL in the healthy group—which strongly suggests a link between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of UTIs.
By uncovering this relationship, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels, as it may play a role in reducing the prevalence of urinary tract infections among women.
Our objective was clear: to understand whether low levels of vitamin D could increase the risk of developing frequent UTIs. This is particularly relevant because women in this age group have unique anatomical features that make them more vulnerable to infections.
Using an ELISA test, we measured the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in both groups. The findings were significant; the average vitamin D levels in women with UTIs were noticeably lower—11.09 ng/mL compared to 24.08 ng/mL in the healthy group—which strongly suggests a link between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of UTIs.
By uncovering this relationship, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels, as it may play a role in reducing the prevalence of urinary tract infections among women.
8
Vitamin D deficiency increases UTI risk
We explored the link between vitamin D levels and late-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) among kidney transplant recipients. Our study analyzed data from 2,207 individuals who had measurements of their vitamin D levels after transplantation.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
We found that lower levels of circulating vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing late-onset infections. Specifically, every time the vitamin D level dropped by 5 ng/mL, the risk of infection increased by 5%. This connection was notably stronger for urinary tract infections, particularly in male recipients, showing a more than twofold increase in risk for those with vitamin D deficiency.
These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels could be a valuable strategy in preventing infections after kidney transplants. However, further research, including clinical trials, will be crucial to determine a clear causal relationship between vitamin D and urinary tract infections.
References
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- Han Z, Yi X, Li J, Liao D, Ai J. Nonantibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Infection. 2024. 10.1007/s15010-024-02357-z
- Seifollahi M, Heidarzadeh Arani M, Hoseini Shamsabadi R, Nakhaie S, Karimi Aghche M, et al. Serum Vitamin D and Zinc Levels in Children with Urinary Tract Infection without Confounding Factors: A Case-Control Study. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2024;38:36. 10.47176/mjiri.38.36
- Gan Y, You S, Ying J, Mu D. The Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Urinary Tract Infection Risk in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15122690
- Chidambaram S, Pasupathy U, Geminiganesan S, R D. The Association Between Vitamin D and Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Case-Control Study. Cureus. 2022;14:e25291. 10.7759/cureus.25291
- Sadeghzadeh M, Khoshnevisasl P, Motamed N, Faghfouri L. The serum vitamin D levels in children with urinary tract infection: a case-control study. New Microbes New Infect. 2021;43:100911. 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100911
- Qadir S, Memon S, Chohan MN, Memon Y. Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37:1058. 10.12669/pjms.37.4.3896
- Muntean C, Săsăran M. Vitamin D Status and Its Role in First-Time and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children: A Case-Control Study. Children (Basel). 2021;8. 10.3390/children8050419
- Habibi M, Azimi S, Khoobbakht D, Roghanian P, Asadi Karam MR. Immunization with recombinant protein Ag43::UpaH with alum and 1,25(OH)2D3 adjuvants significantly protects Balb/C mice against urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;96:107638. 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107638
- Li X, Yu Q, Qin F, Zhang B, Lu Y. Serum Vitamin D Level and the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2021;9:637529. 10.3389/fpubh.2021.637529
- Pirdel L, Pirdel M. A Differential Immune Modulating Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Tract Infection. Immunol Invest. 2022;51:531. 10.1080/08820139.2020.1845723
- Sürmeli Döven S, Erdoğan S. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for renal scarring in recurrent urinary tract infections. Pediatr Int. 2021;63:295. 10.1111/ped.14397
- Ali SB, Perdawood D, Abdulrahman R, Al Farraj DA, Alkubaisi NA. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in women at reproductive age. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020;27:2942. 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.008
- Mahgoub MA, Abbass AAG, Abaza AF, Shoukry MS. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria as a means of preventing in vitro urinary catheter colonization and biofilm formation. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2023;97:30. 10.1186/s42506-022-00124-2
- Sadeghi-Bojd S, Naghshizadian R, Mazaheri M, Ghane Sharbaf F, Assadi F. Efficacy of Probiotic Prophylaxis After The First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Children With Normal Urinary Tracts. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9:305. 10.1093/jpids/piz025
- Del Popolo G, Nelli F. Recurrent bacterial symptomatic cystitis: A pilot study on a new natural option for treatment. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2018;90:101. 10.4081/aiua.2018.2.101
- de Llano DG, Arroyo A, Cárdenas N, Rodríguez JM, Moreno-Arribas MV, et al. Strain-specific inhibition of the adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to bladder cells by probiotic Lactobacillus spp. Pathog Dis. 2017;75. 10.1093/femspd/ftx043
- Shim YH, Lee SJ, Lee JW. Antimicrobial activity of lactobacillus strains against uropathogens. Pediatr Int. 2016;58:1009. 10.1111/ped.12949
- Manzoor A, Ul-Haq I, Baig S, Qazi JI, Seratlic S. Efficacy of Locally Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016;9:e18952. 10.5812/jjm.18952
- Lee SJ, Lee JW. Probiotics prophylaxis in infants with primary vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015;30:609. 10.1007/s00467-014-2988-z
- Rodrigues F, Maia MJ, das Neves J, Sarmento B, Amaral MH, et al. Vaginal suppositories containing Lactobacillus acidophilus: development and characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2015;41:1518. 10.3109/03639045.2014.963864
- Mohseni MJ, Aryan Z, Emamzadeh-Fard S, Paydary K, Mofid V, et al. Combination of probiotics and antibiotics in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23:430.
- Chapman CM, Gibson GR, Todd S, Rowland I. Comparative in vitro inhibition of urinary tract pathogens by single- and multi-strain probiotics. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52:1669. 10.1007/s00394-013-0501-2
- Lee SJ, Shim YH, Cho SJ, Lee JW. Probiotics prophylaxis in children with persistent primary vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22:1315.
- Juárez Tomás MS, Ocaña VS, Wiese B, Nader-Macías ME. Growth and lactic acid production by vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1259, and inhibition of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol. 2003;52:1117. 10.1099/jmm.0.05155-0
- Velraeds MM, van de Belt-Gritter B, van der Mei HC, Reid G, Busscher HJ. Interference in initial adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria and yeasts to silicone rubber by a Lactobacillus acidophilus biosurfactant. J Med Microbiol. 1998;47:1081.
- Reid G, Bruce AW, McGroarty JA, Cheng KJ, Costerton JW. Is there a role for lactobacilli in prevention of urogenital and intestinal infections?. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990;3:335.
- Kyser AJ, Greiner A, Harris V, Patel R, Frieboes HB, et al. 3D-Bioprinted Urinary Catheters Enable Sustained Probiotic Recovery Under Flow and Improve Bladder Colonization In Vivo. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025. 10.1007/s12602-024-10428-8
- Ghane M, Babaeekhou L, Ketabi SS. Antibiofilm Activity of Kefir Probiotic Lactobacilli Against Uropathogenic (UPEC). Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2020;12:221.
- Toh SL, Lee BB, Ryan S, Simpson JM, Clezy K, et al. Probiotics [LGG-BB12 or RC14-GR1] versus placebo as prophylaxis for urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury [ProSCIUTTU]: a randomised controlled trial. Spinal Cord. 2019;57:550. 10.1038/s41393-019-0251-y
- Kara SS, Volkan B, Erten I. GG can protect malnourished children. Benef Microbes. 2019;10:237. 10.3920/BM2018.0071
- Ng QX, Peters C, Venkatanarayanan N, Goh YY, Ho CYX, et al. Use of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in females. Med Hypotheses. 2018;114:49. 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.03.001
- Montorsi F, Gandaglia G, Salonia A, Briganti A, Mirone V. Effectiveness of a Combination of Cranberries, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Vitamin C for the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Results of a Pilot Study. Eur Urol. 2016;70:912. 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.042
- Lee JW, Lee JH, Sung SH, Lee SJ. Preventive effects of Lactobacillus mixture on experimental E. coli urinary tract infection in infant rats. Yonsei Med J. 2013;54:489. 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.489
- Beerepoot MA, ter Riet G, Nys S, van der Wal WM, de Borgie CA, et al. Lactobacilli vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:704. 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.777
- Karlsson M, Scherbak N, Khalaf H, Olsson PE, Jass J. Substances released from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 potentiate NF-κB activity in Escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;66:147. 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00994.x
- Cadieux PA, Burton J, Devillard E, Reid G. Lactobacillus by-products inhibit the growth and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;60 Suppl 6:13.
- Anukam KC, Hayes K, Summers K, Reid G. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 may help downregulate TNF-Alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 (p70) in the neurogenic bladder of spinal cord injured patient with urinary tract infections: a two-case study. Adv Urol. 2009;2009:680363. 10.1155/2009/680363
- Falagas ME, Betsi GI, Tokas T, Athanasiou S. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies. Drugs. 2006;66:1253.
