Bone joint cartilage, commonly known simply as cartilage, is a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, ribcage, ear, nose, and intervertebral discs. It serves several critical functions: it provides support and structure, allows for smooth articulation at joint surfaces, and absorbs shock to protect the underlying bones during movement. Cartilage is primarily composed of water, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans, which grant it both resilience and elasticity.
In the context of joints, there are three main types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent, covering the ends of bones where they form joints, thereby providing a cushion and facilitating smooth motion. Elastic cartilage, found in structures like the ear, maintains shape while allowing flexibility, while fibrocartilage, found in intervertebral discs and some joint areas, offers more substantial support. Understanding the structure and function of cartilage is essential, especially as it can deteriorate with age or injury, leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis.