Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 17 Researches
6.6
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 7 Reviews
7.9
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 4 Capsules
Serving Per Container: 30
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin C (from culture of S. cerevisiae)
50 mg
56%
Vitamin D (as D3 from culture of S. cerevisiae)
40 mcg (1,600 IU)
200%
Vitamin K (from culture of S. cerevisiae)
120 mcg
100%
Calcium (naturally occurring from Algae)
1,100 mg
85%
Magnesium (from Algae and Dead Sea minerals)
357 mg
85%
Vitamin K (as K2 MK-7)
50 mcg
+
Strontium (naturally occurring from Algae)
3.8 mg
+
Boron (from Brown Rice Chelate)
3 mg
+
Silica (naturally occurring from Algae)
2.2 mg
+
Vanadium (naturally occurring from Algae)
25 mcg
+
Raw Probiotic & Enzyme BlendLipase, Protease, Aspergillopepsin, beta-Glucanase, Cellulase, Bromelain, Phytase, Lactase, Papain, Peptidase, Pectinase, Hemicellulase, Xylanase, [Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum] (500 Million CFU).
64 mg
+
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We explored the effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) on kidney stone formation by treating rats for eight weeks. Our observations showed that VK1 significantly reduced crystal formation in the kidneys.
It boosted levels of matrix Gla protein, which plays a crucial role in preventing crystal deposition. We noticed that VK1 even countered the negative effects of warfarin on cell viability. Overall, our findings suggest that VK1 could be a promising treatment to help prevent kidney stones.
It boosted levels of matrix Gla protein, which plays a crucial role in preventing crystal deposition. We noticed that VK1 even countered the negative effects of warfarin on cell viability. Overall, our findings suggest that VK1 could be a promising treatment to help prevent kidney stones.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Osteoporosis prevention
1 people found this helpful
Garden of Life, Vitamin Code, RAW Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis while strengthening bones and teeth. This formula uses natural plant calcium (1,100mg) alongside 50mcg vitamin D3 to enhance calcium absorption in bones. It also includes vitamin K2 and magnesium to support long-term bone health.
Read More
7.5
Nutrient absorption support
2 people found this helpful
The best complex for addressing calcium deficiency. Alongside magnesium and vitamin D, it contains K2 and trace elements that aid proper calcium absorption in bones, rather than in kidneys and blood vessels. It’s advisable to first remove deficiencies in vitamin D and magnesium before taking calcium.
Read More
1
Recommendation against use
2 people found this helpful
Gave me kidney stones and isn't assimilatable. They claim it's whole food grown on algae, but it felt like egg shells. After using it, I experienced pain in my urinary tract and had to use herbs to alleviate it. Stopping its use ceased my discomfort. I do not recommend this product and am disappointed with this brand.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 17 Researches
6.6
- All Researches
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We explored the connection between vitamin D and kidney stones by analyzing data from a large national health survey. Our goal was to understand whether increasing vitamin D intake could help reduce the prevalence of kidney stones, a painful condition affecting many people.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
Read More
8
We explored the effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) on kidney stone formation by treating rats for eight weeks. Our observations showed that VK1 significantly reduced crystal formation in the kidneys.
It boosted levels of matrix Gla protein, which plays a crucial role in preventing crystal deposition. We noticed that VK1 even countered the negative effects of warfarin on cell viability. Overall, our findings suggest that VK1 could be a promising treatment to help prevent kidney stones.
It boosted levels of matrix Gla protein, which plays a crucial role in preventing crystal deposition. We noticed that VK1 even countered the negative effects of warfarin on cell viability. Overall, our findings suggest that VK1 could be a promising treatment to help prevent kidney stones.
Read More
8
We analyzed how magnesium levels in urine might influence the occurrence of kidney stones. The study involved a mix of 468 patients who had been diagnosed with various types of urinary stones and underwent a detailed 24-hour urine analysis.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Read More
8
We analyzed a study focused on the effects of a combination of probiotics, potassium, and magnesium on kidney stone formation, specifically looking at crystalluria, which is the presence of crystals in urine that can signal the recurrence of kidney stones. The study involved 23 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones who had crystalluria but normal metabolic profiles.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Moderately Good
Based on 7 Reviews
7.9
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Osteoporosis prevention
1 people found this helpful
Garden of Life, Vitamin Code, RAW Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis while strengthening bones and teeth. This formula uses natural plant calcium (1,100mg) alongside 50mcg vitamin D3 to enhance calcium absorption in bones. It also includes vitamin K2 and magnesium to support long-term bone health.
Read More
7.5
Nutrient absorption support
2 people found this helpful
The best complex for addressing calcium deficiency. Alongside magnesium and vitamin D, it contains K2 and trace elements that aid proper calcium absorption in bones, rather than in kidneys and blood vessels. It’s advisable to first remove deficiencies in vitamin D and magnesium before taking calcium.
Read More
1
Recommendation against use
2 people found this helpful
Gave me kidney stones and isn't assimilatable. They claim it's whole food grown on algae, but it felt like egg shells. After using it, I experienced pain in my urinary tract and had to use herbs to alleviate it. Stopping its use ceased my discomfort. I do not recommend this product and am disappointed with this brand.
Read More
9
Natural calcium source
Taking 2 capsules twice daily is an excellent way to replenish deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, and other trace elements. It contains raw, unprocessed ingredients, with calcium sourced from AlgaeCal brown seaweed for high bioavailability, ensuring easy absorption and no negative reactions.
Read More
9
Plant-based calcium
This is the only calcium I trust, being plant-based and not causing calcification that could clog arteries or lead to kidney stones.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Kidney stones support
I started this product after a bone scan due to kidney stones issues. It’s designed to support my system while taking calcium, and so far, I have not experienced any problems.
7.5
Kidney stones prevention
Recommended for men in their 40s, I bought this for my husband who has kidney stones. Although there hasn't been a noticeable effect, there have been no recurrences of kidney stones since he started taking it.
9
Natural calcium source
Taking 2 capsules twice daily is an excellent way to replenish deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, and other trace elements. It contains raw, unprocessed ingredients, with calcium sourced from AlgaeCal brown seaweed for high bioavailability, ensuring easy absorption and no negative reactions.
7.5
Nutrient absorption support
2 people found this helpful
The best complex for addressing calcium deficiency. Alongside magnesium and vitamin D, it contains K2 and trace elements that aid proper calcium absorption in bones, rather than in kidneys and blood vessels. It’s advisable to first remove deficiencies in vitamin D and magnesium before taking calcium.
9
Plant-based calcium
This is the only calcium I trust, being plant-based and not causing calcification that could clog arteries or lead to kidney stones.
5
We explored the connections between calcium levels and kidney stones using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2013 to 2018, along with more advanced genetic analyses. Our aim was to understand how the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) might influence the risk of developing kidney stones.
While observational analyses suggested a relationship between ALP levels and kidney stones, we found that calcium levels did not display a significant association with kidney stones when looking at the data directly. However, utilizing Mendelian randomization analysis, we observed a potential causal link, indicating that elevated calcium levels could indeed raise the risk of developing kidney stones.
The key takeaway from our research is that while observational studies show no strong link between calcium and kidney stones, our genetic analysis implies that higher calcium may contribute to stone formation. Our work provides valuable insights and directions for future studies focused on preventing and treating this painful condition.
While observational analyses suggested a relationship between ALP levels and kidney stones, we found that calcium levels did not display a significant association with kidney stones when looking at the data directly. However, utilizing Mendelian randomization analysis, we observed a potential causal link, indicating that elevated calcium levels could indeed raise the risk of developing kidney stones.
The key takeaway from our research is that while observational studies show no strong link between calcium and kidney stones, our genetic analysis implies that higher calcium may contribute to stone formation. Our work provides valuable insights and directions for future studies focused on preventing and treating this painful condition.
5
We set out to investigate whether there’s a connection between vitamin D levels and kidney stone disease (KSD) using data from the UK Biobank, which included a large group of participants. By analyzing this data through survival models, we aimed to find out if higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) could influence the likelihood of developing kidney stones.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
7
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We examined the relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of kidney stones in adults aged 50 and older. By analyzing data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning over a decade, we aimed to understand whether increasing magnesium levels could help reduce the chances of developing kidney stones.
Our findings revealed that there is indeed a noteworthy link between magnesium consumption and kidney stones. Specifically, we observed that individuals who consumed higher amounts of magnesium had lower odds of experiencing kidney stones. This trend was especially significant for women, who showed a clearer inverse relationship with magnesium intake.
Interestingly, our results indicated that the protective benefits of magnesium plateau around a daily intake of 350 mg. This means that while increasing magnesium consumption can lower the risk of kidney stones, beyond this threshold, additional magnesium may not yield further benefits.
Overall, our study sheds light on the potential role of magnesium in preventing kidney stones and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in this essential mineral for individuals over 50.
Our findings revealed that there is indeed a noteworthy link between magnesium consumption and kidney stones. Specifically, we observed that individuals who consumed higher amounts of magnesium had lower odds of experiencing kidney stones. This trend was especially significant for women, who showed a clearer inverse relationship with magnesium intake.
Interestingly, our results indicated that the protective benefits of magnesium plateau around a daily intake of 350 mg. This means that while increasing magnesium consumption can lower the risk of kidney stones, beyond this threshold, additional magnesium may not yield further benefits.
Overall, our study sheds light on the potential role of magnesium in preventing kidney stones and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in this essential mineral for individuals over 50.
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
References
- Ran Y, Liu Z, Ma H, Li C, Zhou J, et al. Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of developing kidney stones: Results from NHANES (2013-2018)-based and Mendelian randomization studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e41323. 10.1097/MD.0000000000041323
- Gao C, Gao M, Huang Y. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and kidney stone: a cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:3585. 10.1007/s11255-024-04111-8
- Dhayat NA, Mattmann C, Seeger H, Ritter A, Ernandez T, et al. The Vitamin D Metabolite Diagnostic Ratio Associates With Phenotypic Traits of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. Kidney Int Rep. 2024;9:1072. 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.004
- Akinci A, Karaburun MC, Kubilay E, Solak VT, Sanci A, et al. Urinary stone in infants; should vitamin D prophylaxis be stopped?. J Pediatr Urol. 2024;20:604.e1. 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.04.006
- Zeng H, Liu Z, He Y, Chen H, He J, et al. Multivitamins co-intake can reduce the prevalence of kidney stones: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:2991. 10.1007/s11255-024-04021-9
- Sardari Masihi L, Borumandnia N, Taheri M, Basiri A, Imani H, et al. Effect of two vitamin D repletion protocols on 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28:246. 10.1186/s40001-023-01226-z
- Isik G, Bozdag PG. Why is childhood urolithiasis increasing? Etiology, diagnosis and management: a single-center experience. J Nephrol. 2023;36:1599. 10.1007/s40620-023-01638-4
- Li Y, Lu X, Yang B, Mao J, Jiang S, et al. Vitamin K1 Inhibition of Renal Crystal Formation through Matrix Gla Protein in the Kidney. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2019;44:1392. 10.1159/000503300
- Zhang J, Luo H, Wu H, Qian Y, Tang Z, et al. The association between domestic water hardness and kidney stone disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Int J Surg. 2025;111:1957. 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002198
- Ma L, Qiao Y, Wang R, Chen H, Liu G, et al. Machine Learning Models Decoding the Association Between Urinary Stone Diseases and Metabolic Urinary Profiles. Metabolites. 2024;14. 10.3390/metabo14120674
- Zhao H, Wang Y, Guan L, Sun Y. Association Between Magnesium Intake and Chronic Kidney Diseases and Kidney Stones in Adults Aged 50 years and Older: Dose-Response Analysis of a Nationally Representative Population-Based Study. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.004
- Vittori M, Bove P, Signoretti M, Cipriani C, Gasparoli C, et al. Oral supplementation with probiotics, potassium citrate, and magnesium in reducing crystalluria in stone formers: A phase II study. Urologia. 2024;91:681. 10.1177/03915603241272146
- Taheri M, Jalali S, Borumandnia N, Tavasoli S, Basiri A, et al. Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:12. 10.1684/mrh.2024.0524
- Penniston KL, Coughlin MM, Jhagroo RA. Magnesium Supplementation Increases Urine Magnesium and Citrate in Stone Formers With Hypomagnesuria. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.06.002
- Li Q, Krieger NS, Yang L, Asplin J, Bushinsky DA. Magnesium Decreases Urine Supersaturation but Not Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats. Nephron. 2024;148:480. 10.1159/000534495
- Shringi S, Raker CA, Tang J. Dietary Magnesium Intake and Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. R I Med J (2013). 2023;106:20.
- Rodriguez-Hesles CA, Alkhatatbeh H, Alonso Bartolomé MB, Valladares Ferreiro CA, Ayllón Blanco HR, et al. Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2025;97:13824. 10.4081/aiua.2025.13824
