Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 35 Researches
7.3
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 18 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 4 Capsules
Serving Per Container: 30
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin C (from culture of S. cerevisiae)
50 mg
56%
Vitamin D (as D3 from culture of S. cerevisiae)
40 mcg (1,600 IU)
200%
Vitamin K (from culture of S. cerevisiae)
120 mcg
100%
Calcium (naturally occurring from Algae)
1,100 mg
85%
Magnesium (from Algae and Dead Sea minerals)
357 mg
85%
Vitamin K (as K2 MK-7)
50 mcg
+
Strontium (naturally occurring from Algae)
3.8 mg
+
Boron (from Brown Rice Chelate)
3 mg
+
Silica (naturally occurring from Algae)
2.2 mg
+
Vanadium (naturally occurring from Algae)
25 mcg
+
Raw Probiotic & Enzyme BlendLipase, Protease, Aspergillopepsin, beta-Glucanase, Cellulase, Bromelain, Phytase, Lactase, Papain, Peptidase, Pectinase, Hemicellulase, Xylanase, [Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum] (500 Million CFU).
64 mg
+
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium sulfate alleviates postoperative pain
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
9
Magnesium aids postoperative pain relief
We explored the role of magnesium in reducing knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a study involving 119 adults, participants received either an adductor canal block with magnesium and bupivacaine or just bupivacaine.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
9
Magnesium reduces postoperative knee pain
We evaluated the impact of magnesium sulphate on pain levels for 44 patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
Most Useful Reviews
9
No more back pain
14 people found this helpful
Raw calcium has completely eliminated my low back ache during my monthly cycle, which I never expected. My calcium levels have been low before, and I've tried other supplements that upset my stomach. However, with this product, I experience no discomfort and can almost forget about my monthly cycle due to the absence of pain.
10
Shoulder pain relieved
2 people found this helpful
After injuring my shoulder from weightlifting, I took Vitamin Code raw calcium for a month, and my shoulder pain completely disappeared. I highly recommend it!
10
Knee pain gone
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium supplement. My mother had been suffering from knee pain and was advised to take calcium regularly. The pain has subsided, and we now take it consistently.
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 35 Researches
7.3
- All Researches
9
We explored how calcium phosphate (CaP) injections impact knee pain, particularly in patients suffering from osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions (OA-BML). In this study, we compared two groups of patients: those who received knee arthroscopy combined with CaP injections and those who had knee arthroscopy for different knee issues.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
9
We focused on the effects of vitamin D (VITD) in reducing knee pain linked to osteoarthritis (OA) using a study conducted on Wistar rats. The rats were induced with OA through a combination of surgical methods known as ACLT (anterior cruciate ligament transection) along with medial meniscectomy. This allowed us to closely observe the direct impact of VITD on pain levels and cartilage health.
Our investigations revealed that VITD not only alleviated pain but also minimized cartilage destruction. We measured pain severity through various tests, examined knee structure through histopathological studies, and analyzed different biological markers including inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are linked to cartilage degradation.
The results were quite promising. Not only did VITD show a significant reduction in pain, but it also decreased inflammation and the destruction of chondrocytes, or cartilage cells. These benefits appear to stem from VITD's ability to lower the expression of MMPs, which are known contributors to cartilage breakdown in OA.
Overall, our findings strongly suggest that adding vitamin D to treatment regimens could be beneficial for those suffering from knee pain related to osteoarthritis, making it a potential ally in managing this common joint condition.
Our investigations revealed that VITD not only alleviated pain but also minimized cartilage destruction. We measured pain severity through various tests, examined knee structure through histopathological studies, and analyzed different biological markers including inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are linked to cartilage degradation.
The results were quite promising. Not only did VITD show a significant reduction in pain, but it also decreased inflammation and the destruction of chondrocytes, or cartilage cells. These benefits appear to stem from VITD's ability to lower the expression of MMPs, which are known contributors to cartilage breakdown in OA.
Overall, our findings strongly suggest that adding vitamin D to treatment regimens could be beneficial for those suffering from knee pain related to osteoarthritis, making it a potential ally in managing this common joint condition.
9
Magnesium sulfate alleviates postoperative pain
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
9
Magnesium aids postoperative pain relief
We explored the role of magnesium in reducing knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a study involving 119 adults, participants received either an adductor canal block with magnesium and bupivacaine or just bupivacaine.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
9
We evaluated how effective magnesium, especially when combined with bupivacaine, is for managing knee pain after arthroscopy. Our study looked at data from 78 randomized trials involving 4,425 participants.
It turns out that magnesium with bupivacaine is the top performer in easing pain right after surgery and at the 24-hour mark, outperforming other analgesics like morphine.
However, magnesium alone didn’t show significant pain relief. We found that using this combination does not lead to more side effects, making it a safe choice for recovery.
It turns out that magnesium with bupivacaine is the top performer in easing pain right after surgery and at the 24-hour mark, outperforming other analgesics like morphine.
However, magnesium alone didn’t show significant pain relief. We found that using this combination does not lead to more side effects, making it a safe choice for recovery.
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 18 Reviews
8.6
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
No more back pain
14 people found this helpful
Raw calcium has completely eliminated my low back ache during my monthly cycle, which I never expected. My calcium levels have been low before, and I've tried other supplements that upset my stomach. However, with this product, I experience no discomfort and can almost forget about my monthly cycle due to the absence of pain.
10
Shoulder pain relieved
2 people found this helpful
After injuring my shoulder from weightlifting, I took Vitamin Code raw calcium for a month, and my shoulder pain completely disappeared. I highly recommend it!
10
Knee pain gone
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium supplement. My mother had been suffering from knee pain and was advised to take calcium regularly. The pain has subsided, and we now take it consistently.
9
Bone pain eased
1 people found this helpful
This product is excellent! My pelvic bone pain has improved significantly, and my knees feel smoother. I’m very satisfied and will purchase again.
9
Fatigue and pain gone
1 people found this helpful
As a bus driver, my body often feels fatigued with aches. Since taking this supplement for a while, I’ve noticed a remarkable improvement and am free from previous discomfort.
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Knee improvement
1 people found this helpful
I have osteoporosis and began taking this calcium supplement. After a few days, my knee pain lessened, and I trust this brand.
9
Knee strength improved
1 people found this helpful
I have been using this raw calcium supplement for several months, and I've seen fantastic results. My knee pain has vanished, and my nails have become much stronger. As a vegan, this product meets my needs perfectly.
9
Pain relief
I have been taking it for several months without discomfort, and my knee pain has completely vanished.
7.5
Ongoing relief
I purchased more during the sale. Taking it with glucosamine has significantly improved my knee pain, and I plan to continue.
9
No more back pain
14 people found this helpful
Raw calcium has completely eliminated my low back ache during my monthly cycle, which I never expected. My calcium levels have been low before, and I've tried other supplements that upset my stomach. However, with this product, I experience no discomfort and can almost forget about my monthly cycle due to the absence of pain.
10
Shoulder pain relieved
2 people found this helpful
After injuring my shoulder from weightlifting, I took Vitamin Code raw calcium for a month, and my shoulder pain completely disappeared. I highly recommend it!
9
Fatigue and pain gone
1 people found this helpful
As a bus driver, my body often feels fatigued with aches. Since taking this supplement for a while, I’ve noticed a remarkable improvement and am free from previous discomfort.
7.5
Joint pain improved
1 people found this helpful
As I age, I often experience swelling and pain in my finger joints, along with discomfort in my back. After just a week of use, I felt a noticeable improvement. The plant-based formula, enriched with vitamins, helps with calcium absorption, and I intend to continue taking it for healthy bones.
7.5
Knee care
5 people found this helpful
This product requires taking four pills, but I manage with two. My knee cartilage hurts less when using it. Though I wish it were cheaper, the combination of ingredients is beneficial for me.
7.5
Chronic pain reduced
1 people found this helpful
I trust this product as it feels organic. Taking four tablets a day for two months has significantly relieved my chronic pain.
10
Knee pain gone
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium supplement. My mother had been suffering from knee pain and was advised to take calcium regularly. The pain has subsided, and we now take it consistently.
9
Pain reduction
1 people found this helpful
I initially felt discomfort in my hip joint, but since I started taking this product, the pain has disappeared after three months. My nails are stronger too.
7
We sought to understand the connection between vitamin D levels and knee pain in older adults suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). In our analysis, we looked at data from 105 OA patients alongside 152 control participants to explore how vitamin D deficiency might relate to functional impairment.
Our findings revealed that those with lower levels of vitamin D experienced more severe symptoms of OA. Specifically, the patients demonstrated higher levels of pain and were more functionally impaired according to the WOMAC questionnaire. Interestingly, we also found a connection between vitamin D deficiency and increased levels of inflammation markers, TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting that vitamin D may play a role in managing both pain and inflammation in OA.
Overall, this study highlights the potential importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels to alleviate knee pain and improve functionality in individuals with osteoarthritis. However, further research is needed to determine if vitamin D supplementation could effectively mitigate symptoms of arthritis and slow disease progression.
Our findings revealed that those with lower levels of vitamin D experienced more severe symptoms of OA. Specifically, the patients demonstrated higher levels of pain and were more functionally impaired according to the WOMAC questionnaire. Interestingly, we also found a connection between vitamin D deficiency and increased levels of inflammation markers, TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting that vitamin D may play a role in managing both pain and inflammation in OA.
Overall, this study highlights the potential importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels to alleviate knee pain and improve functionality in individuals with osteoarthritis. However, further research is needed to determine if vitamin D supplementation could effectively mitigate symptoms of arthritis and slow disease progression.
8
Vitamin D aids knee pain relief
We explored how vitamin D supplementation impacts knee pain and other related factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A group of 165 KOA patients received 40,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for six months, and their treatment was compared against 25 healthy individuals.
Our findings revealed that patients with KOA had notably higher levels of an autophagosome protein, LC3A, compared to the healthy controls. After vitamin D supplementation, there was a significant reduction in serum LC3A levels, pointing toward an improvement in the autophagy process. This decrease in LC3A levels was also linked with a reduction in pain and better functional scores.
Additionally, we saw improvements in muscle strength and overall physical performance among those who received vitamin D. In essence, vitamin D not only helped lower inflammatory markers but also contributed to alleviating knee pain and enhancing mobility for KOA patients.
Overall, the evidence suggests that vitamin D can be an effective ally in managing knee pain and improving physical performance in individuals suffering from KOA.
Our findings revealed that patients with KOA had notably higher levels of an autophagosome protein, LC3A, compared to the healthy controls. After vitamin D supplementation, there was a significant reduction in serum LC3A levels, pointing toward an improvement in the autophagy process. This decrease in LC3A levels was also linked with a reduction in pain and better functional scores.
Additionally, we saw improvements in muscle strength and overall physical performance among those who received vitamin D. In essence, vitamin D not only helped lower inflammatory markers but also contributed to alleviating knee pain and enhancing mobility for KOA patients.
Overall, the evidence suggests that vitamin D can be an effective ally in managing knee pain and improving physical performance in individuals suffering from KOA.
4
We explored the role of calcium gluconate as an activator alongside platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for patients dealing with early knee osteoarthritis. In this study, participants were split into two groups: one received PRP alone, while the other got PRP mixed with calcium gluconate.
Both groups were evaluated over six months for pain relief and overall satisfaction. Interestingly, despite a noticeable decrease in pain and improvement in overall function in both groups, we found no significant differences when comparing the effectiveness of the two treatments.
This led us to conclude that adding calcium gluconate might not provide any extra benefit to PRP injections in managing knee pain for early-stage osteoarthritis, which is quite important for patients considering their treatment options.
Both groups were evaluated over six months for pain relief and overall satisfaction. Interestingly, despite a noticeable decrease in pain and improvement in overall function in both groups, we found no significant differences when comparing the effectiveness of the two treatments.
This led us to conclude that adding calcium gluconate might not provide any extra benefit to PRP injections in managing knee pain for early-stage osteoarthritis, which is quite important for patients considering their treatment options.
References
- Rai S, Patel S, Chouhan DK, Jain A, Thami T, et al. Is There a Need for an Exogenous Activator Along with PRP for Early Knee Osteoarthritis? A Triple-Blinded Randomized Control Trial. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58:905. doi:10.1007/s43465-024-01159-7
- Stratton A, Wanless M, Abidi N. Total Knee Conversion Rates and Functional Outcome After Calcium Phosphate Injection for Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee. J Knee Surg. 2024;37:341. doi:10.1055/a-2094-5724
- Montemor CN, Fernandes MTP, Marquez AS, Bignardi PR, Poli RC, et al. Impact of Reduced Vitamin D Levels on Pain, Function, and Severity in Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2025;17. doi:10.3390/nu17030447
- Mende LK, Kuthati Y, Wong CS. Curcumin and Vitamin D Supplement Attenuates Knee Osteoarthritis Progression in ACLT + MMx Rat Model: Effect on Cartilage Protection and Pain Reduction. Nutrients. 2025;17. doi:10.3390/nu17020349
- Rajani AM, Mittal A, Kulkarni VU, Rajani KA, Rajani KA. Role of Pre-operative Correction of Vitamin D3 Deficiency in Controlling Post-operative Bone Pain after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. Malays Orthop J. 2024;18:7. doi:10.5704/MOJ.2411.002
- Gottreich JR, Katz JN, Jones MH. Nonsurgical Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments for Reducing Inflammation as Measured on MRI Scans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024;12:23259671241272667. doi:10.1177/23259671241272667
- Zuo A, Jia Q, Zhang M, Zhou X, Li T, et al. The association of vitamin D with knee osteoarthritis pain: an analysis from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database. Sci Rep. 2024;14:30176. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81845-6
- Wang QW, Ong MT, Man GC, Yeung YM, He X, et al. The effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: Study protocol for a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2024;19:e0309610. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309610
- Saengsiwaritt W, Jittikoon J, Chaikledkaew U, Tawonsawatruk T, Honsawek S, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating level of autophagosome protein LC3A, inflammation, and physical performance in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Sci. 2023;16:2543. doi:10.1111/cts.13646
- Wang Z, Zhu Z, Pan F, Zheng S, Parameswaran V, et al. Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation and maintaining sufficient vitamin D on knee osteoarthritis over 5 years. Arthritis Res Ther. 2023;25:178. doi:10.1186/s13075-023-03167-8
- Wang R, Wang ZM, Xiang SC, Jin ZK, Zhang JJ, et al. Relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1200592. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1200592
- Busa P, Huang N, Kuthati Y, Wong CS. Vitamin D reduces pain and cartilage destruction in knee osteoarthritis animals through inhibiting the matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) expression. Heliyon. 2023;9:e15268. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15268
- Shen J, Lin X, Lin Y, Xiao J, Wu C, et al. Supplementation of hyaluronic acid injections with vitamin D improve knee function by attenuating synovial fluid oxidative stress in osteoarthritis patients with vitamin D insufficiency. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1026722. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1026722
- Divjak A, Jovanovic I, Matic A, Lucic AT, Gajovic N, et al. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on the expression of mediators of inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. Immunol Res. 2023;71:442. doi:10.1007/s12026-022-09354-0
- Lin T, Peng S, Lu S, Fu S, Zeng D, et al. Prediction of knee pain improvement over two years for knee osteoarthritis using a dynamic nomogram based on MRI-derived radiomics: a proof-of-concept study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023;31:267. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.014
- Strath LJ, Hernandez PV, Nodarse CL, Johnson AJ, Edberg JD, et al. Clinical vitamin D levels are associated with insular volume and inferior temporal gyrus white matter surface area in community-dwelling individuals with knee pain. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:882322. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.882322
- Jin X, Ding C, Hunter DJ, Gallego B. Effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation on knee osteoarthritis - A target trial emulation study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30:1495. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2022.06.005
- Peng HM, Weng XS, Li Y, Feng B, Qian W, et al. Effect of alendronate sodium plus vitamin D tablets on knee joint structure and osteoarthritis pain: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:584. doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05521-4
- Liao Z, Chang J, Zhu Z, Han W, Meng T, et al. Associations Between Dietary Intake of Vitamin K and Changes in Symptomatic and Structural Changes in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023;75:1503. doi:10.1002/acr.24964
- Zhu Y, Shen S, Cui L, Wu L, Zhang B. Magnesium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate as additives for periarticular local infiltration analgesia improve pain management after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:764. doi:10.1186/s13018-024-05233-6
- Xu H, Hao C, Wang X, Du J, Zhang T, et al. Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024;18:919. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S444896
- Zhao C, Wang L, Chen L, Wang Q, Kang P. Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:301. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03790-w
- Wang Q, Zhao C, Hu J, Ma T, Yang J, et al. Efficacy of a Modified Cocktail for Periarticular Local Infiltration Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105:354. doi:10.2106/JBJS.22.00614
- Choi JW, Lahori A, Merlo JA, Gill O, Ghoddoussi F, et al. Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Pain. 2022;38:388. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000001036
- He Y, He H, Li X, Lei G, Xie D, et al. Intra-Articular Magnesium Plus Bupivacaine Is the Most Effective and Safe Postoperative Analgesic Option Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Network Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2022;38:2897. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2022.03.013
- Shi L, Zhu H, Ma J, Shi LL, Gao F, et al. Intra-articular magnesium to alleviate postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:111. doi:10.1186/s13018-021-02264-1
- Zhao Z, Zhang X, Peng H, Li W, Liu H, et al. Magnesium Sulfate Combined with a Levobupivacaine Periarticular Cocktail for Analgesia in the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2021;34:1463. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1710364
- Condello V, Filardo G, Madonna V, Andriolo L, Screpis D, et al. Use of a Biomimetic Scaffold for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions in Early Osteoarthritis. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:7937089. doi:10.1155/2018/7937089
- Shmagel A, Onizuka N, Langsetmo L, Vo T, Foley R, et al. Low magnesium intake is associated with increased knee pain in subjects with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26:651. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.002
- Shin HJ, Kim EY, Na HS, Kim TK, Kim MH, et al. Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:497. doi:10.1093/bja/aew227
- Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2012;40:2032.
- Ekmekci P, Bengisun ZK, Akan B, Kazbek BK, Ozkan KS, et al. The effect of magnesium added to levobupivacaine for femoral nerve block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:1119. doi:10.1007/s00167-012-2093-4
- Koltka K, Koknel-Talu G, Asik M, Ozyalcin S. Comparison of efficacy of intraarticular application of magnesium, levobupivacaine and lornoxicam with placebo in arthroscopic surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:1884. doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1497-x
- Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2009;37:1733.
- Farouk S, Aly A. A comparison of intra-articular magnesium and/or morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. J Anesth. 2009;23:508. doi:10.1007/s00540-009-0822-8
