Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 43 Researches
8
USERS' SCORE
Medium or Average
Based on 13 Reviews
6.4
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Iron (from Ionic Plant Based Minerals)
2 mg
10%
HSO Probiotic Blend (5 Billion CFU)¹Saccharomyces boulardii, Organic Barley Grass², Organic Oat Grass², Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus paracasei
410 mg
+
Ionic Plant Based Minerals
290 mg
+
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We explored the effects of probiotic LC-STH-13 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in MRL/lpr mice. Our study demonstrated that LC-STH-13 significantly decreased harmful autoantibodies and rebalanced specific immune cells.
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
Read More
9
Lactobacillus acidophilus shows promise in autoimmune management
We explored how specific Lactobacillus acidophilus strains can impact autoimmune disorders by reducing leptin production in mice. In our study, we compared the effects of CBA4P and other lactobacilli on adipocytes from mice sensitive to Th1 immune diseases.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Read More
9
Lactobacillus rhamnosus mitigates gliadin's effects
We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in combating inflammation and cellular changes caused by gliadin in celiac disease models. Our study found that pretreating intestinal cells with LGG postbiotics stopped the activation of harmful pathways linked to gliadin, such as mTOR and NF-κβ. Notably, this protective effect was also observed in more complex models using organoids derived from celiac patients. While these findings are promising, further research is necessary to fully understand LGG’s potential benefits in managing celiac disease.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
Did not help
13 people found this helpful
After years of dealing with intestinal dysfunction and an autoimmune disorder, I decided to try various probiotics, but unfortunately, they were ineffective for me. I even experienced negative side effects from one of them. Despite my efforts, I did not find relief and would suggest testing different options first to determine what works for you.
Read More
9
Highly recommended
5 people found this helpful
Taking this probiotic has greatly aided my autoimmune disorder, particularly with its Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain, which is known to combat c. difficile infections. I used it before, during, and after my surgery while on antibiotics, and thankfully experienced no issues. I've since made it a part of my daily routine. It deserves its 5-star rating, and I wholeheartedly recommend it.
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9
Life-changing results
2 people found this helpful
This is the best probiotic for my autoimmune disorder! Suggested by my doctor, it helped reduce my reliance on Immodium within just two days. My gastrointestinal issues have significantly improved, allowing me to lead a normal life. I'm eagerly awaiting my next order to continue the improvements.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 43 Researches
8
- All Researches
9
We examined how a special probiotic mix, known as IRT5, affects autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Administered frequently over 36 weeks, this combination not only reduced diabetes incidence but also lowered insulitis scores and increased insulin-producing β-cell mass.
Additionally, IRT5 improved gut health and changed the makeup of immune cells in the pancreas and intestines. While some immune responses stayed the same, the shift towards more gut-focused regulatory T cells suggests it could be a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes.
Additionally, IRT5 improved gut health and changed the makeup of immune cells in the pancreas and intestines. While some immune responses stayed the same, the shift towards more gut-focused regulatory T cells suggests it could be a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes.
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9
Synbiotics improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
We investigated how synbiotic supplementation affects patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In an 8-week, randomized, double-blind trial involving 54 participants, we compared the outcomes of those taking synbiotic capsules with a placebo group.
After the trial, those who received synbiotics showed a significant drop in inflammation markers and pain levels. Additionally, improvements were observed in insulin resistance and overall metabolic responses.
These findings suggest that synbiotics might benefit individuals managing RA by reducing inflammation and enhancing metabolic health.
After the trial, those who received synbiotics showed a significant drop in inflammation markers and pain levels. Additionally, improvements were observed in insulin resistance and overall metabolic responses.
These findings suggest that synbiotics might benefit individuals managing RA by reducing inflammation and enhancing metabolic health.
Read More
9
Lactobacillus acidophilus shows promise in autoimmune management
We explored how specific Lactobacillus acidophilus strains can impact autoimmune disorders by reducing leptin production in mice. In our study, we compared the effects of CBA4P and other lactobacilli on adipocytes from mice sensitive to Th1 immune diseases.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Read More
9
We examined how probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus, could help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms. By isolating monocytes from RA patients and healthy individuals, we created macrophages and tested various treatments.
Our findings revealed that probiotics encouraged macrophages to adopt a more anti-inflammatory state. They increased beneficial cytokines while lowering inflammatory ones. This suggests a potential role for probiotics in managing RA, showing they might help modulate immune responses and improve symptoms.
Our findings revealed that probiotics encouraged macrophages to adopt a more anti-inflammatory state. They increased beneficial cytokines while lowering inflammatory ones. This suggests a potential role for probiotics in managing RA, showing they might help modulate immune responses and improve symptoms.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of probiotic LC-STH-13 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in MRL/lpr mice. Our study demonstrated that LC-STH-13 significantly decreased harmful autoantibodies and rebalanced specific immune cells.
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Medium or Average
Based on 13 Reviews
6.4
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Did not help
13 people found this helpful
After years of dealing with intestinal dysfunction and an autoimmune disorder, I decided to try various probiotics, but unfortunately, they were ineffective for me. I even experienced negative side effects from one of them. Despite my efforts, I did not find relief and would suggest testing different options first to determine what works for you.
Read More
9
Highly recommended
5 people found this helpful
Taking this probiotic has greatly aided my autoimmune disorder, particularly with its Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain, which is known to combat c. difficile infections. I used it before, during, and after my surgery while on antibiotics, and thankfully experienced no issues. I've since made it a part of my daily routine. It deserves its 5-star rating, and I wholeheartedly recommend it.
Read More
9
Life-changing results
2 people found this helpful
This is the best probiotic for my autoimmune disorder! Suggested by my doctor, it helped reduce my reliance on Immodium within just two days. My gastrointestinal issues have significantly improved, allowing me to lead a normal life. I'm eagerly awaiting my next order to continue the improvements.
Read More
0
Adverse reaction
28 people found this helpful
Initially encouraged by positive reviews, I found that after two doses of this probiotic, my symptoms severely worsened, resembling poisoning. I cannot recommend it for anyone with an autoimmune disorder.
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7.5
Capsule variety availability
6 people found this helpful
I am new to Primal Defense and grateful this product does not contain the S. Thermophilus strain, which irritates my autoimmune disorder (ankylosing spondylitis). These products are necessary for those with incurable autoimmune disorders. I appreciate the larger 216-cap bottle and hope the price remains accessible for those of us needing these essentials consistently. I’m looking for improvements in symptoms and skin quality.
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Frequently Asked Questions
9
Life-changing results
2 people found this helpful
This is the best probiotic for my autoimmune disorder! Suggested by my doctor, it helped reduce my reliance on Immodium within just two days. My gastrointestinal issues have significantly improved, allowing me to lead a normal life. I'm eagerly awaiting my next order to continue the improvements.
7.5
Symptom relief noted
1 people found this helpful
This product significantly helps with my autoimmune disorders. It took over two months to notice effects, but now, taking three capsules daily, my symptoms have improved considerably. I will certainly continue using these capsules.
6
Gut healing benefit
54 people found this helpful
Effective probiotic for healing my gut. It's crucial to start small and watch for die-off symptoms, as these indicate the product is working. Fatigue and GI upset may occur, but by adjusting the dosage and staying hydrated, you can manage it. This probiotic, combined with a low-sugar diet, aids in addressing autoimmune disorders and enhances overall health. I highly recommend reading "Gut and Psychology Syndrome" for a better understanding.
7.5
Effective recovery aid
4 people found this helpful
This probiotic is fantastic! We use it regularly after antibiotic courses, during colds, and after gastrointestinal issues, aiding recovery from autoimmune disorders. It's more effective with long-term use, ideally taken at night on an empty stomach. We're sticking with this product, and I highly recommend it.
0
Adverse reaction
28 people found this helpful
Initially encouraged by positive reviews, I found that after two doses of this probiotic, my symptoms severely worsened, resembling poisoning. I cannot recommend it for anyone with an autoimmune disorder.
9
Did not help
13 people found this helpful
After years of dealing with intestinal dysfunction and an autoimmune disorder, I decided to try various probiotics, but unfortunately, they were ineffective for me. I even experienced negative side effects from one of them. Despite my efforts, I did not find relief and would suggest testing different options first to determine what works for you.
8
This randomized, double-blind trial sought to see how synbiotics, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, could help patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifty patients were divided into two groups: one received synbiotics alongside their standard therapy, while the other got standard therapy alone over two months.
We observed that those who took the synbiotics showed a meaningful drop in inflammatory markers like interleukin-17A and overall disease activity. Meanwhile, the placebo group didn’t see these improvements. While these findings are promising, we recognize that more research is necessary to fully understand how synbiotics work in SLE management.
We observed that those who took the synbiotics showed a meaningful drop in inflammatory markers like interleukin-17A and overall disease activity. Meanwhile, the placebo group didn’t see these improvements. While these findings are promising, we recognize that more research is necessary to fully understand how synbiotics work in SLE management.
7
Probiotics improve inflammation in RA
We examined how a mix of probiotics, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, affects inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a double-blind study with 42 participants, we found that those taking probiotics had lower white blood cell counts and reduced levels of specific inflammatory markers.
While our results showed improvements in oxidative stress profiles, such as higher antioxidant levels, some inflammatory markers remained unchanged. Overall, probiotic supplementation appears to offer benefits for managing RA through reduced inflammation and improved oxidative status.
While our results showed improvements in oxidative stress profiles, such as higher antioxidant levels, some inflammatory markers remained unchanged. Overall, probiotic supplementation appears to offer benefits for managing RA through reduced inflammation and improved oxidative status.
8
Lactic acid bacteria combat autoimmune symptoms
We investigated the potential of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in alleviating symptoms of multiple sclerosis using a rat model. The study involved 48 male rats, which were divided into groups to evaluate the effects of these bacteria on demyelination caused by cuprizone.
The results showed that treatment with lactic acid bacteria notably improved behavioral impairments, decreased demyelination, reduced oxidative stress, and elevated serum levels of vitamins D and B.
Overall, these findings indicate that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium may be beneficial in managing autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
The results showed that treatment with lactic acid bacteria notably improved behavioral impairments, decreased demyelination, reduced oxidative stress, and elevated serum levels of vitamins D and B.
Overall, these findings indicate that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium may be beneficial in managing autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
8
We explored the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate on Sjögren's syndrome in a mouse model. Our study involved comparing the gut microbiomes of young and older mice while treating them for up to 24 weeks.
Notably, we observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus improved symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome and led to an increase in beneficial propionate-producing bacteria. This treatment appears to work by modulating key signaling pathways involved in the condition.
Overall, our findings suggest that Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate might offer promising therapeutic options for managing Sjögren's syndrome.
Notably, we observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus improved symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome and led to an increase in beneficial propionate-producing bacteria. This treatment appears to work by modulating key signaling pathways involved in the condition.
Overall, our findings suggest that Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate might offer promising therapeutic options for managing Sjögren's syndrome.
References
- Kazemimiraki M, Moazamian E, Mokhtari MJ, Gholamzad M. The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Improving Behavioral Deficits, Serum Levels of Vitamin D3, B12 and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Demyelination in a Cuprizone-induced Demyelination Model of Rat. Neuromolecular Med. 2025;27:14. doi:10.1007/s12017-025-08837-1
- Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
- Woo JS, Hwang SH, Yang S, Lee KH, Lee YS, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate attenuate Sjögren's syndrome by modulating the STIM1-STING signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal. 2023;21:135. doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01141-0
- Kim DS, Park Y, Choi JW, Park SH, Cho ML, et al. Supplementation Exerts a Synergistic Effect on Tacrolimus Efficacy by Modulating Th17/Treg Balance in Lupus-Prone Mice the SIGNR3 Pathway. Front Immunol. 2021;12:696074. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.696074
- Cannarella LAT, Mari NL, Alcântara CC, Iryioda TMV, Costa NT, et al. Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2021;89:111282. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111282
- Kim TK, Lee JC, Im SH, Lee MS. Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1832. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01832
- Kamal Y, Kandil M, Eissa M, Yousef R, Elsaadany B. Probiotics as a prophylaxis to prevent oral candidiasis in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40:873. doi:10.1007/s00296-020-04558-9
- Kim J, Choi SH, Kim YJ, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, et al. Clinical Effect of IRT-5 Probiotics on Immune Modulation of Autoimmunity or Alloimmunity in the Eye. Nutrients. 2017;9. doi:10.3390/nu9111166
- Tamtaji OR, Kouchaki E, Salami M, Aghadavod E, Akbari E, et al. The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Inflammation, Insulin, and Lipids in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36:660. doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1347074
- Zamani B, Farshbaf S, Golkar HR, Bahmani F, Asemi Z. Synbiotic supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2017;117:1095. doi:10.1017/S000711451700085X
- Zamani B, Golkar HR, Farshbaf S, Emadi-Baygi M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, et al. Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016;19:869. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.12888
- Bleau C, Lamontagne L, Savard R. New Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates reduce the release of leptin by murine adipocytes leading to lower interferon-gamma production. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;140:427.
- Ahmadi P, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Ahmadi-Khorram M, et al. The Impacts of and to Promote In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Profile of RA-Macrophages. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13:e70068. doi:10.1002/fsn3.70068
- Liao W, Zhang X, Jia C, Chen W, Cai Y, et al. LC-STH-13 ameliorates the progression of SLE in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct. 2025;16:475. doi:10.1039/d4fo03966a
- Javanmardi Z, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Shapouri-Moghaddam A, et al. Tolerogenic probiotics Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus promote anti-inflammatory profile of macrophages-derived monocytes of newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42:e3981. doi:10.1002/cbf.3981
- Vahidi Z, Saghi E, Mahmoudi M, RezaieYazdi Z, Esmaeili SA, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorate the Expression of miR-125a and miR-146a in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024;196:6330. doi:10.1007/s12010-023-04827-w
- Hoseinzadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Tavakol Afshari J, et al. A new generation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells differentially trained by immunoregulatory probiotics in a lupus microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14:358. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03578-z
- Tripathy A, Swain N, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces CD8T cell mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunobiology. 2023;228:152415. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152415
- Furone F, Bellomo C, Carpinelli M, Nicoletti M, Hewa-Munasinghege FN, et al. The protective role of GG postbiotic on the alteration of autophagy and inflammation pathways induced by gliadin in intestinal models. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1085578. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1085578
- Lin H, Lin J, Pan T, Li T, Jiang H, et al. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14:68. doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05589-3
- Samani SA, Moloudi MR, Ramezanzadeh R, Abdi M, Nikkhoo B, et al. Oral Administration of Probiotic to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2022;13:35. doi:10.32598/bcn.2021.1955.1
- Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Clemente N, Saverio V, Pańczyszyn E, et al. The Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of DNBS-Induced IBD in BALB/C and C57BL/6 Mice, Highlighting the Protective Role of Probiotics. Biology (Basel). 2022;11. doi:10.3390/biology11111574
- Petersen AØ, Jokinen M, Plichta DR, Liebisch G, Gronwald W, et al. Cytokine-specific autoantibodies shape the gut microbiome in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148:876. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.025
- Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, et al. and differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;320:G969. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021
- Fan Z, Yang B, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, et al. The prophylactic effects of different Lactobacilli on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Food Funct. 2020;11:3681. doi:10.1039/c9fo02556a
- Khorasani S, Mahmoudi M, Kalantari MR, Lavi Arab F, Esmaeili SA, et al. Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:9778. doi:10.1002/jcp.27663
- Mardani F, Mahmoudi M, Esmaeili SA, Khorasani S, Tabasi N, et al. In vivo study: Th1-Th17 reduction in pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic Lactobacillus probiotics. J Cell Physiol. 2018;234:642. doi:10.1002/jcp.26819
- Piva F, Gervois P, Karrout Y, Sané F, Romond MB. Gut-Joint Axis: Impact of Bifidobacterial Cell Wall Lipoproteins on Arthritis Development. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15234861
- Huo D, Cen C, Chang H, Ou Q, Jiang S, et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves' disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis. Commun Biol. 2021;4:1046. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02587-z
- Li D, Cheng J, Zhu Z, Catalfamo M, Goerlitz D, et al. Treg-inducing capacity of genomic DNA of subsp. . Allergy Asthma Proc. 2020;41:372. doi:10.2500/aap.2020.41.200064
- Shi P, Qu H, Nian D, Chen Y, Liu X, et al. Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with Bifidobacterium infantis through regulation of T helper cells subsets. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;61:290. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.015
- Laparra JM, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 ameliorates gliadin-induced alterations in liver iron mobilisation. Br J Nutr. 2013;110:1828. doi:10.1017/S0007114513001098
- Laparra JM, Olivares M, Gallina O, Sanz Y. Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 modulates immune responses in a gliadin-induced enteropathy animal model. PLoS One. 2012;7:e30744. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030744
- Yang Y, Hong Q, Zhang X, Liu Z. BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1518181. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1518181
- Wang CH, Yen HR, Lu WL, Ho HH, Lin WY, et al. Adjuvant Probiotics of subsp. AP-32, MH-68, and subsp. CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:754401. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.754401
- Zhang H, Liu M, Liu X, Zhong W, Li Y, et al. ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells. Front Immunol. 2020;11:569104. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.569104
- Cardoso RS, Messora MR, Silva PHF, Oliveira LF, Leite-Panissi C, et al. Effects of subsp. HN019 on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Benef Microbes. 2020;11:33. doi:10.3920/BM2019.0038
- Salehipour Z, Haghmorad D, Sankian M, Rastin M, Nosratabadi R, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis in combination with human origin of Lactobacillus plantarum ameliorate neuroinflammation in experimental model of multiple sclerosis by altering CD4+ T cell subset balance. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;95:1535. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117
- Ezendam J, de Klerk A, Gremmer ER, van Loveren H. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis administered during lactation on allergic and autoimmune responses in rodents. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;154:424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03788.x
- Zhang C, Wang Y, Ullah H, Rahman AU, Wei J, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) alleviates collagen-induced arthritis by partially maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity through TLR2/MYD88/NF-κB pathway inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;139:112738. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112738
- Asghari KM, Dolatkhah N, Ayromlou H, Mirnasiri F, Dadfar T, et al. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13:18577. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46047-6
- Aghamohammadi D, Ayromlou H, Dolatkhah N, Jahanjoo F, Shakouri SK. The effects of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the mental health, quality of life, fatigue, pain, and indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials. 2019;20:379. doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3454-9
- Soylu A, Berktaş S, Sarioğlu S, Erbil G, Yilmaz O, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii prevents oral-poliovirus vaccine-induced IgA nephropathy in mice. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23:1287. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0813-2
