Overview
Top Medical Research Studies
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Most Useful Reviews
Medical Researches
- All Researches
Additionally, IRT5 improved gut health and changed the makeup of immune cells in the pancreas and intestines. While some immune responses stayed the same, the shift towards more gut-focused regulatory T cells suggests it could be a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes.
After the trial, those who received synbiotics showed a significant drop in inflammation markers and pain levels. Additionally, improvements were observed in insulin resistance and overall metabolic responses.
These findings suggest that synbiotics might benefit individuals managing RA by reducing inflammation and enhancing metabolic health.
Results showed that CBA4P significantly lowered leptin levels and inhibited the activation of immune lymphocytes in the SJL mouse strain. This suggests that CBA4P might help manage Th1-related inflammatory conditions, representing a potentially valuable probiotic option for autoimmune control.
Our findings revealed that probiotics encouraged macrophages to adopt a more anti-inflammatory state. They increased beneficial cytokines while lowering inflammatory ones. This suggests a potential role for probiotics in managing RA, showing they might help modulate immune responses and improve symptoms.
We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
User Reviews
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
Frequently Asked Questions
An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells and tissues, believing them to be foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. This reaction can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and impaired function of the affected organs. There are over 80 known autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes, each with its own specific symptoms and treatment options. The exact cause of these disorders is still unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to play a role in their development.
Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders often involves a combination of physical examinations, assessment of symptoms, blood tests, and imaging studies to evaluate organ involvement. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the immune response using medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and a balanced diet, can be beneficial in managing symptoms. If you suspect you have an autoimmune condition, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and tailored treatment options.
Probiotics are live microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that are intended to provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. These beneficial bacteria are often referred to as "good" or "friendly" bacteria because they help maintain a balanced gut microbiome, which plays a vital role in digestion, immune function, and overall health. Probiotics can be found in various foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kombucha, as well as in dietary supplements. The most common strains include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which have been studied for their positive effects on gastrointestinal health, including the alleviation of symptoms related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and diarrhea.
Incorporating probiotics into your diet may help support a healthy gut by competing with harmful bacteria and promoting a more diverse microbiome. However, it's important to note that the specific effects of probiotics can vary widely depending on the strain, dosage, and individual health conditions. While many people may benefit from including probiotics in their diet, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health issues or concerns. For those looking to explore the world of probiotics, it’s worth experimenting with various sources to find what works best for your body.
Probiotics, which are live beneficial bacteria, have gained traction for their potential role in supporting gut health, and there's growing interest in their relationship with autoimmune disorders. While some studies suggest that probiotics may help modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, the evidence is still in the early stages and varies by condition. Certain autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, have been studied for potential benefits related to probiotic supplementation; however, definitive conclusions and widespread recommendations are still lacking.
It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any probiotic regimen, particularly if you have an autoimmune disorder. They can provide tailored advice based on your specific health needs and the latest research. Probiotics may serve as a complementary approach in managing symptoms, but they should not replace standard medical treatments or be viewed as a cure-all. Ongoing research will likely continue to explore this area, providing deeper insights into the potential benefits of probiotics in autoimmune conditions.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from this supplement can vary significantly among individuals. Some users report experiencing improvements within just two days of starting the probiotic, particularly highlighting a reduction in symptoms related to their autoimmune disorders (Read Review). However, others have mentioned that noticeable effects took longer to manifest, with one user indicating it took over two months for significant improvements to become apparent (Read Review).
This variability suggests that while some may find relief quickly, others may need more time to gauge its effectiveness. Users have recommended monitoring symptoms closely and adjusting dosages as necessary (Read Review). Given these differing experiences, it's advisable to approach this supplement with patience and to keep track of your bodily responses during the initial weeks of use.
Probiotics, particularly strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have shown promise in both animal models and human studies for managing various autoimmune disorders. Research indicates that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis may improve symptoms of conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by reducing inflammatory markers and enhancing immune regulation. In a double-blind trial, synbiotics containing these probiotics resulted in significant drops in interleukin-17A levels and overall disease activity in SLE patients, suggesting that they could serve as beneficial adjuncts to traditional therapy [38]. Also, probiotics have demonstrated potential in alleviating symptoms of other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, highlighting their role in dampening inflammation and restoring immune balance [40], [36].
In addition, various studies suggest that these probiotics may enhance gut health, which is increasingly recognized as vital for immune function. For example, Lactobacillus acidophilus has been effective in promoting regulatory T cell responses, showing potential in mitigating autoimmune effects in conditions like Sjögren's syndrome [3]. This emerging evidence underscores probiotics as a compelling area for further research in autoimmune disorder management. While initial findings are encouraging, more extensive clinical trials are necessary to fully understand their mechanisms and potential benefits.[40]
Users have reported a range of experiences regarding symptom improvement while using this probiotic, particularly for autoimmune disorders. Some individuals, like the one who noted a significant reduction in reliance on Immodium within just two days, experienced rapid relief, highlighting the probiotic's effectiveness in addressing gastrointestinal issues (Read Review). Others also reported positive effects on their overall health, stating that this product aided recovery following antibiotics or gastrointestinal disturbances after consistent use (Read Review).
Conversely, not all experiences have been favorable. A few users encountered worsened symptoms or unfavorable reactions, with one individual likening their experience to poisoning after just two doses (Read Review). Additionally, some found that improvements took longer to manifest, with reports indicating effects were noticeable only after two months of use (Read Review). The variability in user experiences emphasizes that individual results can vary significantly, making it important to monitor one's health closely while using the product.
Based on user reviews, combining this probiotic supplement with other dietary practices may enhance its effectiveness for those managing autoimmune disorders. A user emphasized that taking the probiotic alongside a low-sugar diet contributed to their health improvements and overall gut healing, suggesting that a holistic approach may yield better outcomes (Read Review). Additionally, some users found that the probiotic was particularly beneficial when taken during periods of gastrointestinal distress or post-antibiotic treatment, reinforcing the idea that its integration with other recovery strategies could be advantageous (Read Review).
However, experiences weren't universally positive. Some users reported negative side effects, and one individual advised caution, recommending that people experiment with various options before settling on one (Read Review). It appears that the effectiveness of this probiotic can vary widely in conjunction with other supplements, underscoring the importance of personalization in treatment plans for autoimmune disorders. While some experienced substantial benefits, others found it exacerbated their symptoms, showcasing the need for careful monitoring and potential adjustments to one’s routine (Read Review).
Based on user reviews, finding the right dose of probiotics for treating autoimmune disorders can be quite individualistic, with some users suggesting adjustments for optimal results. One user indicated that taking three capsules daily significantly improved their symptoms after two months of use (Read Review). Another review noted that starting with smaller doses and monitoring for die-off symptoms is crucial, as fatigue and GI upset can occur if the dosage is too high initially (Read Review).
However, not all experiences were positive; some users encountered negative side effects, emphasizing the importance of trial and error (Read Review). One user specifically mentioned that they experienced severe symptoms after just two doses, indicating that higher doses might not be suitable for everyone (Read Review). Overall, while several users found success with daily routines involving various doses, the right amount appears to depend on personal tolerance and specific health conditions.
The results revealed that those in the synbiotics group had lower levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and improved disease activity scores. In contrast, the placebo group showed no significant changes. While these findings suggest that synbiotics could be a helpful addition to SLE treatment, further studies are necessary to uncover the mechanisms behind these effects.
After 60 days, the group taking probiotics had lower white blood cell counts and decreased levels of harmful inflammatory proteins, like tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, they showed improvements in oxidative stress markers.
However, we didn’t find significant differences in some other measures of inflammation and disease activity between the two groups.
In our study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into several groups, with some receiving intestinal bacteria while others did not.
The results showed that treatment with these bacteria significantly improved their behavioral functions, reduced demyelination, and decreased signs of oxidative stress.
This suggests that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium might support therapies for conditions like multiple sclerosis by enhancing vitamin D and B levels, while also fighting oxidative damage.
Notably, we observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus improved symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome and led to an increase in beneficial propionate-producing bacteria. This treatment appears to work by modulating key signaling pathways involved in the condition.
Overall, our findings suggest that Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate might offer promising therapeutic options for managing Sjögren's syndrome.
References
- Kazemimiraki M, Moazamian E, Mokhtari MJ, Gholamzad M. The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Improving Behavioral Deficits, Serum Levels of Vitamin D3, B12 and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Demyelination in a Cuprizone-induced Demyelination Model of Rat. Neuromolecular Med. 2025;27:14. doi:10.1007/s12017-025-08837-1
- Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
- Woo JS, Hwang SH, Yang S, Lee KH, Lee YS, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate attenuate Sjögren's syndrome by modulating the STIM1-STING signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal. 2023;21:135. doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01141-0
- Kim DS, Park Y, Choi JW, Park SH, Cho ML, et al. Supplementation Exerts a Synergistic Effect on Tacrolimus Efficacy by Modulating Th17/Treg Balance in Lupus-Prone Mice the SIGNR3 Pathway. Front Immunol. 2021;12:696074. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.696074
- Cannarella LAT, Mari NL, Alcântara CC, Iryioda TMV, Costa NT, et al. Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2021;89:111282. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111282
- Kim TK, Lee JC, Im SH, Lee MS. Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1832. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01832
- Kamal Y, Kandil M, Eissa M, Yousef R, Elsaadany B. Probiotics as a prophylaxis to prevent oral candidiasis in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40:873. doi:10.1007/s00296-020-04558-9
- Kim J, Choi SH, Kim YJ, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, et al. Clinical Effect of IRT-5 Probiotics on Immune Modulation of Autoimmunity or Alloimmunity in the Eye. Nutrients. 2017;9. doi:10.3390/nu9111166
- Tamtaji OR, Kouchaki E, Salami M, Aghadavod E, Akbari E, et al. The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Inflammation, Insulin, and Lipids in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017;36:660. doi:10.1080/07315724.2017.1347074
- Zamani B, Farshbaf S, Golkar HR, Bahmani F, Asemi Z. Synbiotic supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2017;117:1095. doi:10.1017/S000711451700085X
- Zamani B, Golkar HR, Farshbaf S, Emadi-Baygi M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, et al. Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016;19:869. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.12888
- Bleau C, Lamontagne L, Savard R. New Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates reduce the release of leptin by murine adipocytes leading to lower interferon-gamma production. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005;140:427.
- Ahmadi P, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Ahmadi-Khorram M, et al. The Impacts of and to Promote In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Profile of RA-Macrophages. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13:e70068. doi:10.1002/fsn3.70068
- Liao W, Zhang X, Jia C, Chen W, Cai Y, et al. LC-STH-13 ameliorates the progression of SLE in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct. 2025;16:475. doi:10.1039/d4fo03966a
- Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
- Javanmardi Z, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Shapouri-Moghaddam A, et al. Tolerogenic probiotics Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus promote anti-inflammatory profile of macrophages-derived monocytes of newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42:e3981. doi:10.1002/cbf.3981
- Vahidi Z, Saghi E, Mahmoudi M, RezaieYazdi Z, Esmaeili SA, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorate the Expression of miR-125a and miR-146a in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024;196:6330. doi:10.1007/s12010-023-04827-w
- Hoseinzadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Tavakol Afshari J, et al. A new generation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells differentially trained by immunoregulatory probiotics in a lupus microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14:358. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03578-z
- Tripathy A, Swain N, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces CD8T cell mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunobiology. 2023;228:152415. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152415
- Furone F, Bellomo C, Carpinelli M, Nicoletti M, Hewa-Munasinghege FN, et al. The protective role of GG postbiotic on the alteration of autophagy and inflammation pathways induced by gliadin in intestinal models. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1085578. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1085578
- Lin H, Lin J, Pan T, Li T, Jiang H, et al. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14:68. doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05589-3
- Samani SA, Moloudi MR, Ramezanzadeh R, Abdi M, Nikkhoo B, et al. Oral Administration of Probiotic to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2022;13:35. doi:10.32598/bcn.2021.1955.1
- Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Clemente N, Saverio V, Pańczyszyn E, et al. The Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of DNBS-Induced IBD in BALB/C and C57BL/6 Mice, Highlighting the Protective Role of Probiotics. Biology (Basel). 2022;11. doi:10.3390/biology11111574
- Petersen AØ, Jokinen M, Plichta DR, Liebisch G, Gronwald W, et al. Cytokine-specific autoantibodies shape the gut microbiome in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148:876. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.025
- Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, et al. and differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;320:G969. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021
- Fan Z, Yang B, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, et al. The prophylactic effects of different Lactobacilli on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Food Funct. 2020;11:3681. doi:10.1039/c9fo02556a
- Khorasani S, Mahmoudi M, Kalantari MR, Lavi Arab F, Esmaeili SA, et al. Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:9778. doi:10.1002/jcp.27663
- Mardani F, Mahmoudi M, Esmaeili SA, Khorasani S, Tabasi N, et al. In vivo study: Th1-Th17 reduction in pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic Lactobacillus probiotics. J Cell Physiol. 2018;234:642. doi:10.1002/jcp.26819
- Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
- Piva F, Gervois P, Karrout Y, Sané F, Romond MB. Gut-Joint Axis: Impact of Bifidobacterial Cell Wall Lipoproteins on Arthritis Development. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15234861
- Huo D, Cen C, Chang H, Ou Q, Jiang S, et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves' disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis. Commun Biol. 2021;4:1046. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02587-z
- Li D, Cheng J, Zhu Z, Catalfamo M, Goerlitz D, et al. Treg-inducing capacity of genomic DNA of subsp. . Allergy Asthma Proc. 2020;41:372. doi:10.2500/aap.2020.41.200064
- Shi P, Qu H, Nian D, Chen Y, Liu X, et al. Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome with Bifidobacterium infantis through regulation of T helper cells subsets. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;61:290. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.015
- Laparra JM, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 ameliorates gliadin-induced alterations in liver iron mobilisation. Br J Nutr. 2013;110:1828. doi:10.1017/S0007114513001098
- Laparra JM, Olivares M, Gallina O, Sanz Y. Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 modulates immune responses in a gliadin-induced enteropathy animal model. PLoS One. 2012;7:e30744. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030744
- Kazemimiraki M, Moazamian E, Mokhtari MJ, Gholamzad M. The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Improving Behavioral Deficits, Serum Levels of Vitamin D3, B12 and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Demyelination in a Cuprizone-induced Demyelination Model of Rat. Neuromolecular Med. 2025;27:14. doi:10.1007/s12017-025-08837-1
- Yang Y, Hong Q, Zhang X, Liu Z. BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1518181. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1518181
- Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
- Wang CH, Yen HR, Lu WL, Ho HH, Lin WY, et al. Adjuvant Probiotics of subsp. AP-32, MH-68, and subsp. CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:754401. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.754401
- Cannarella LAT, Mari NL, Alcântara CC, Iryioda TMV, Costa NT, et al. Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2021;89:111282. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111282
- Zhang H, Liu M, Liu X, Zhong W, Li Y, et al. ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells. Front Immunol. 2020;11:569104. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.569104
- Cardoso RS, Messora MR, Silva PHF, Oliveira LF, Leite-Panissi C, et al. Effects of subsp. HN019 on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Benef Microbes. 2020;11:33. doi:10.3920/BM2019.0038
- Salehipour Z, Haghmorad D, Sankian M, Rastin M, Nosratabadi R, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis in combination with human origin of Lactobacillus plantarum ameliorate neuroinflammation in experimental model of multiple sclerosis by altering CD4+ T cell subset balance. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;95:1535. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117
- Ezendam J, de Klerk A, Gremmer ER, van Loveren H. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis administered during lactation on allergic and autoimmune responses in rodents. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;154:424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03788.x
- Zhang C, Wang Y, Ullah H, Rahman AU, Wei J, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) alleviates collagen-induced arthritis by partially maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity through TLR2/MYD88/NF-κB pathway inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;139:112738. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112738
- Asghari KM, Dolatkhah N, Ayromlou H, Mirnasiri F, Dadfar T, et al. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13:18577. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46047-6
- Aghamohammadi D, Ayromlou H, Dolatkhah N, Jahanjoo F, Shakouri SK. The effects of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the mental health, quality of life, fatigue, pain, and indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials. 2019;20:379. doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3454-9
- Soylu A, Berktaş S, Sarioğlu S, Erbil G, Yilmaz O, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii prevents oral-poliovirus vaccine-induced IgA nephropathy in mice. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23:1287. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0813-2
