We explored how zinc lozenges affect the duration of the common cold through a detailed analysis of multiple trials. In particular, we focused on the Mossad (1996) trial involving zinc gluconate lozenges, which revealed an average reduction of cold duration by about 4.0 days. While that sounds promising, our findings through a quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis tell a more nuanced story.
Interestingly, the QTE analysis showed that for individuals suffering from lengthy colds lasting 15 to 17 days, the zinc lozenges could shorten their illness by as much as 8 days. On the flip side, those with shorter, 2-day colds only experienced a 1-day reduction in sickness. This suggests that while zinc may help, its effectiveness varies significantly depending on the initial duration of the cold, making the overall average effect less informative than we might think.
Our examination extended to three trials that used zinc acetate lozenges, yielding a similar average reduction of around 2.7 days. However, again, those averages concealed varying effects for short and long colds, highlighting the importance of looking beyond simple averages in treatment studies.
Overall, we observed that zinc lozenges can indeed help with cold duration, but the extent of that help is very much dependent on how long a person has been suffering. This approach to understanding treatment effects through QTE analysis could have important implications not just for cold treatment but also for analyzing other health outcomes.
Read More
8
Zinc reduces cold duration
Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation.
We explored the impact of zinc supplementation on common cold symptoms through an extensive review of 20 randomized controlled trials. These studies focused on observing how micronutrients, especially zinc, can help manage the cold in healthy adults.
Our findings suggest that while zinc did not significantly prevent the incidence of cold or reduce symptom severity when compared to other micronutrients, it showed promising results in potentially shortening the duration of a cold. Specifically, we observed that zinc could cut down the duration of cold symptoms by approximately 2.25 days when used alone.
This reduction in duration could have a meaningful impact on daily life and overall productivity for those affected by the common cold. It's noteworthy that while zinc proves beneficial, other vitamins like vitamin C and vitamin D did not show the same effectiveness in this context.
Read More
4
Zinc may shorten cold duration
Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.
We explored how zinc supplementation might impact the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Through a thorough examination of 34 studies involving over 8,500 participants, we aimed to understand whether zinc could effectively reduce the occurrence or duration of colds.
The studies included randomized controlled trials comparing zinc to placebo in both children and adults. Our findings indicate that while zinc may not significantly lower the risk of catching a cold, it could help reduce the duration of an ongoing cold. However, this benefit comes alongside an increase in non-serious side effects, such as an unpleasant taste and stomach issues.
It's important to note that many of these studies showed a wide range of interventions and outcomes, and some reporting was incomplete. Overall, our results suggest that zinc does not hold substantial promise for preventing colds, but it may help shorten the duration of symptoms once a cold strikes.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Strengthens immunity
129 people found this helpful
After six months of taking zinc, I fell ill with the common cold only once and it was mild. I usually experience severe colds due to chronic respiratory issues. I've also noticed thicker hair, and I recommend this supplement for immunity.
Read More
9
Restores sense of smell
60 people found this helpful
This zinc helped restore my sense of smell after I lost it during Covid. I take it with other supplements at the first signs of a cold, and it usually prevents severe illness. I have not experienced any side effects.
Read More
9
Cleared skin
28 people found this helpful
I’m very pleased with this zinc! After starting it, my skin cleared up, and I noticed new hair growth. Initially taken to boost immunity against the common cold, the added benefits were a nice surprise. I only take one capsule daily.
We explored the effectiveness of zinc in combination with herbal polyphenols against respiratory RNA viruses, including the common cold. In this study, the researchers combined zinc picolinate with various flavonoids to see if it could reduce viral replication and load without harming healthy cells.
The results were quite promising, showing a significant reduction of 50-95% in the genome replication levels of viruses like the human coronavirus OC43, influenza A virus, and human metapneumovirus. This suggests that zinc, when paired with appropriate compounds, may play a beneficial role in treating infections that lead to the common cold.
However, it's important to note that while the study shows a notable decrease in viral activity, it did not specifically isolate the effects of zinc alone. Thus, we cannot definitively state that zinc by itself is effective against the common cold without considering the contributions of the other substances involved.
Overall, this research opens the door for developing a potential treatment that is not toxic and sourced from natural ingredients, which could be effective against various RNA viruses with the hope of remaining effective even amidst mutating strains.
Read More
9
Zinc shortens cold duration variability
Quantile Treatment Effect of Zinc Lozenges on Common Cold Duration: A Novel Approach to Analyze the Effect of Treatment on Illness Duration.
We explored how zinc lozenges affect the duration of the common cold through a detailed analysis of multiple trials. In particular, we focused on the Mossad (1996) trial involving zinc gluconate lozenges, which revealed an average reduction of cold duration by about 4.0 days. While that sounds promising, our findings through a quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis tell a more nuanced story.
Interestingly, the QTE analysis showed that for individuals suffering from lengthy colds lasting 15 to 17 days, the zinc lozenges could shorten their illness by as much as 8 days. On the flip side, those with shorter, 2-day colds only experienced a 1-day reduction in sickness. This suggests that while zinc may help, its effectiveness varies significantly depending on the initial duration of the cold, making the overall average effect less informative than we might think.
Our examination extended to three trials that used zinc acetate lozenges, yielding a similar average reduction of around 2.7 days. However, again, those averages concealed varying effects for short and long colds, highlighting the importance of looking beyond simple averages in treatment studies.
Overall, we observed that zinc lozenges can indeed help with cold duration, but the extent of that help is very much dependent on how long a person has been suffering. This approach to understanding treatment effects through QTE analysis could have important implications not just for cold treatment but also for analyzing other health outcomes.
Read More
8
Zinc reduces cold duration
Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation.
We explored the impact of zinc supplementation on common cold symptoms through an extensive review of 20 randomized controlled trials. These studies focused on observing how micronutrients, especially zinc, can help manage the cold in healthy adults.
Our findings suggest that while zinc did not significantly prevent the incidence of cold or reduce symptom severity when compared to other micronutrients, it showed promising results in potentially shortening the duration of a cold. Specifically, we observed that zinc could cut down the duration of cold symptoms by approximately 2.25 days when used alone.
This reduction in duration could have a meaningful impact on daily life and overall productivity for those affected by the common cold. It's noteworthy that while zinc proves beneficial, other vitamins like vitamin C and vitamin D did not show the same effectiveness in this context.
Read More
7
Zinc's unclear role in colds
Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19.
We explored the potential effects of zinc on the common cold based on a collection of research studies that investigated its role in treating acute respiratory infections, including COVID-19.
Importantly, we found that while zinc showed some promise in improving conditions related to pneumonia in children under five, there wasn't enough clear evidence linking zinc directly to a reduction in the incidence or duration of the common cold.
Typically, vitamins C, D, and E were examined alongside zinc, with findings indicating that these vitamins did not lower the common cold's occurrence. However, we noted that vitamin C did help shorten its duration and lessen its severity for some individuals, particularly those under physical or environmental stress.
Ultimately, while zinc has been shown to support health in various contexts, its specific impact on the common cold remains uncertain, suggesting that additional research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
We observed that zinc has been highlighted as a potential remedy for alleviating symptoms of the common cold. The information indicates that zinc may play a significant role in treating cold symptoms, especially in adults. While conclusive and thorough evidence specifically isolating zinc's effects isn't entirely clear, it is often included among over-the-counter treatments that have shown effectiveness.
Zinc is typically administered to support quicker recovery from cold symptoms, which also include nasal congestion and sore throat. It’s essential that we keep in mind that not all evidence is of high quality, but some studies and anecdotal reports suggest that incorporating zinc may lead to some improvement in symptom management.
Furthermore, it's important to emphasize that when advising patients, we should be mindful of the limitations and mix of other treatments. Although zinc appears promising, it's crucial to inform individuals that effective treatment strategies extend beyond just zinc alone. While the potential benefits of zinc are appealing, more reliable research is necessary to fully endorse its effectiveness in cold treatment.
After six months of taking zinc, I fell ill with the common cold only once and it was mild. I usually experience severe colds due to chronic respiratory issues. I've also noticed thicker hair, and I recommend this supplement for immunity.
Read More
9
Restores sense of smell
60 people found this helpful
This zinc helped restore my sense of smell after I lost it during Covid. I take it with other supplements at the first signs of a cold, and it usually prevents severe illness. I have not experienced any side effects.
Read More
9
Cleared skin
28 people found this helpful
I’m very pleased with this zinc! After starting it, my skin cleared up, and I noticed new hair growth. Initially taken to boost immunity against the common cold, the added benefits were a nice surprise. I only take one capsule daily.
Read More
9
Prevents colds in children
14 people found this helpful
I trust this renowned brand and have given this zinc to my 10-year-old daughter. After a yearly course of one capsule daily, her common colds virtually disappeared, as she regularly suffered from ARVI before.
Read More
9
Potential parenthood
9 people found this helpful
I took zinc with my husband for a month during the seasonal period of colds. We both feel healthy, which is wonderful! Zinc also benefits sperm, and we're excited to soon become parents. I highly recommend it to everyone!
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily affecting the nose and throat. It's caused by a variety of viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most prevalent. Symptoms generally include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, mild headache, and sometimes a low-grade fever. While the common cold is often mild and resolves on its own within a week or two, it can still be bothersome and impact daily activities.
Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Preventative measures include frequent handwashing, using hand sanitizer, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Since there is currently no cure for the common cold, treatment focuses on symptom relief through over-the-counter medications, adequate rest, and hydration. While colds may be uncomfortable, they are generally not serious; however, seeking medical attention may be necessary if symptoms worsen or persist for an extended period.
Zinc is a versatile metal known for its various applications in industry and health. It is a bluish-white metallic element represented by the symbol Zn and atomic number 30 on the periodic table. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing steel to prevent rusting, in the manufacturing of alloys, and as a component in batteries. Additionally, zinc plays a crucial role in biological processes, making it an essential trace element in the human diet. It is involved in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
Zinc has been studied for its potential benefits in reducing the duration and severity of the common cold. Several clinical trials suggest that taking zinc supplements may help shorten colds by up to one day when taken within the first 24 hours of symptom onset. Zinc may work by inhibiting the replication of rhinoviruses, which are common causes of the cold, and by modulating immune responses.
However, it's important to note that the evidence is mixed. Not all studies agree on zinc’s effectiveness, and some show minimal benefits. Additionally, taking zinc in excessive amounts can lead to adverse side effects, including nausea and a bad taste in the mouth. For those considering zinc supplements, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine appropriate dosages and to discuss any potential interactions with existing medications. Overall, while zinc may offer some relief for colds, it's best used as a part of a broader strategy that includes good hygiene, plenty of rest, and adequate hydration.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report varying timelines for experiencing the effects of zinc supplements when taken to combat common colds. A common sentiment is that users often feel protective benefits and improved immunity shortly after beginning supplementation—with one user noting a significant reduction in common colds within just two weeks of taking the supplement Read Review. Another review mentions feeling better in just a couple of days after increasing the dose at the first sign of a cold Read Review.
Furthermore, some users highlight longer-term benefits, suggesting that consistent use for several weeks or even months can enhance overall immunity and reduce cold severity; for instance, one reviewer shared that after completing a 30-day course, they noticed that their cold did not progress as severely as usual Read Review. Overall, while initial benefits may be observed within days, many users recommend taking zinc over a longer period to maximize immunity during cold season.
Recent research has explored the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the context of the common cold. A comprehensive review of multiple studies indicates that while zinc may not significantly prevent the onset of colds, it could play a role in reducing the duration of cold symptoms. For example, some analyses revealed that zinc lozenges might shorten a cold's duration by an average of 2.25 to 4 days, depending on the initial length of the cold symptoms experienced by the individual [3][5]. However, it's important to note that this potential benefit often comes with some side effects, such as an unpleasant taste [1].
Moreover, a study investigating combinations of zinc with herbal polyphenols showed promising results in reducing viral replication associated with respiratory infections, suggesting that zinc may be beneficial when used alongside other compounds [2]. Nevertheless, the evidence supporting zinc's isolated effectiveness remains less than conclusive, requiring further research to cement its role in managing cold symptoms [4]. Overall, while zinc supplementation can help manage the duration of the common cold, relying on it solely as a treatment option might not yield the best results for everyone.
Users have reported a variety of improvements in their symptoms after using zinc supplements, particularly concerning immunity and overall health. Many individuals highlight a noticeable reduction in the frequency and severity of colds after consistent use. For example, one user noted that after six months of taking zinc, they only experienced a mild cold, a significant improvement from their usual severe episodes due to chronic respiratory conditions Read Review. Additionally, another reviewer mentioned feeling better within just a few days when taking zinc at the first signs of illness, illustrating the potential for rapid recovery Read Review.
Beyond cold symptoms, users have also reported unexpected benefits such as improved skin quality and hair growth. One reviewer expressed satisfaction with the clearer skin and increased hair growth after starting zinc to enhance their immune response Read Review. Another user mentioned that zinc helped them recover quickly from cold symptoms and improved overall health, showcasing its multifunctionality Read Review. While individual results can vary, these anecdotal experiences suggest that users often find value in zinc supplementation not only for immunity support but also for additional health benefits.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining zinc with other supplements to manage symptoms of the common cold. Several reviewers emphasized how they incorporate zinc into their regimen along with vitamin C and probiotics, noting enhanced immune support at the first sign of illness Read Review. One user mentioned that taking zinc alongside vitamin C and other supplements effectively combats cold symptoms, expressing satisfaction with the overall results Read Review. This combination was reported to improve their resilience against more severe illnesses Read Review.
Additionally, users believe that taking zinc together with vitamin C helps them recover faster from cold symptoms. One reviewer pointed out that high doses of zinc taken when cold symptoms first appear lead to a dramatic improvement within a couple of days Read Review. Others echoed similar sentiments, reporting quick recovery benefits and fewer instances of severe colds when combining these supplements Read Review. Overall, combining zinc with other supportive nutrients seems to optimize its effectiveness against common colds, leading to more robust immune performance in users.
Zinc supplementation could be a helpful ally for those suffering from the common cold, particularly when it comes to shortening the duration of symptoms. Research indicates that zinc lozenges can reduce the length of a cold significantly, averaging about 4 days based on a notable trial with zinc gluconate lozenges. For those enduring longer colds lasting 15 days or more, zinc might cut down the illness by as much as 8 days. On the other hand, zinc could only provide a 1-day reduction for colds that are shorter in duration, demonstrating a variable effectiveness depending on individual circumstances [3].
In general, while zinc might not prevent a cold, it may help those who are already affected. On its own, zinc supplementation appears to decrease the duration of cold symptoms by approximately 2.25 days, though it does not significantly prevent colds or reduce their severity when compared to other micronutrients [5]. It’s crucial, however, to consider that effective treatment strategies often require a holistic approach, incorporating various remedies alongside zinc [6]. Overall, if you're caught in the grip of a cold, zinc offers potential benefits for a faster recovery.
9
No nausea
4 people found this helpful
This zinc doesn't cause any nausea, unlike others I've tried. I noticed a significant reduction in common colds within two weeks of taking it. It's a bit pricey, but worth it!
9
Quick recovery
4 people found this helpful
Excellent! I give zinc to my husband at the first sign of a common cold in high doses, and he feels better in just a couple of days.
9
Improves skin and health
3 people found this helpful
Initially, I didn’t expect much, but after three weeks, my skin appeared smoother, and fine wrinkles diminished. Small spots on my forehead disappeared. I noticed that zinc boosts immunity, and coincidentally, my cold didn’t develop further, which usually results in bronchitis. I completed a 30-day course of one capsule per day.
9
Strengthens immunity
129 people found this helpful
After six months of taking zinc, I fell ill with the common cold only once and it was mild. I usually experience severe colds due to chronic respiratory issues. I've also noticed thicker hair, and I recommend this supplement for immunity.
9
Cleared skin
28 people found this helpful
I’m very pleased with this zinc! After starting it, my skin cleared up, and I noticed new hair growth. Initially taken to boost immunity against the common cold, the added benefits were a nice surprise. I only take one capsule daily.
7.5
Quick recovery aid
6 people found this helpful
This chelated zinc helps me recover quickly from cold symptoms when combined with other supplements. If this review is helpful, please give it a thumbs up. Thank you!
7.5
Immune support
7 people found this helpful
I love Garden of Life products and their commitment to no harmful fillers. RAW ZINC, along with vitamin C and probiotics, is effective at the first sign of a cold. Remember to take zinc separately from calcium and iron for best absorption.
7.5
Best zinc supplement
5 people found this helpful
Excellent zinc! I have tried various brands, but this is the best. It aids in combating common colds alongside vitamin C, D3, and NAC while effectively addressing any deficiency. I take it twice yearly.
9
Restores sense of smell
60 people found this helpful
This zinc helped restore my sense of smell after I lost it during Covid. I take it with other supplements at the first signs of a cold, and it usually prevents severe illness. I have not experienced any side effects.
9
Zinc shortens cold duration variability
Quantile Treatment Effect of Zinc Lozenges on Common Cold Duration: A Novel Approach to Analyze the Effect of Treatment on Illness Duration.
We explored how zinc lozenges affect the duration of the common cold through a detailed analysis of multiple trials. In particular, we focused on the Mossad (1996) trial involving zinc gluconate lozenges, which revealed an average reduction of cold duration by about 4.0 days. While that sounds promising, our findings through a quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis tell a more nuanced story.
Interestingly, the QTE analysis showed that for individuals suffering from lengthy colds lasting 15 to 17 days, the zinc lozenges could shorten their illness by as much as 8 days. On the flip side, those with shorter, 2-day colds only experienced a 1-day reduction in sickness. This suggests that while zinc may help, its effectiveness varies significantly depending on the initial duration of the cold, making the overall average effect less informative than we might think.
Our examination extended to three trials that used zinc acetate lozenges, yielding a similar average reduction of around 2.7 days. However, again, those averages concealed varying effects for short and long colds, highlighting the importance of looking beyond simple averages in treatment studies.
Overall, we observed that zinc lozenges can indeed help with cold duration, but the extent of that help is very much dependent on how long a person has been suffering. This approach to understanding treatment effects through QTE analysis could have important implications not just for cold treatment but also for analyzing other health outcomes.
8
Zinc reduces cold duration
Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation.
We explored the impact of zinc supplementation on common cold symptoms through an extensive review of 20 randomized controlled trials. These studies focused on observing how micronutrients, especially zinc, can help manage the cold in healthy adults.
Our findings suggest that while zinc did not significantly prevent the incidence of cold or reduce symptom severity when compared to other micronutrients, it showed promising results in potentially shortening the duration of a cold. Specifically, we observed that zinc could cut down the duration of cold symptoms by approximately 2.25 days when used alone.
This reduction in duration could have a meaningful impact on daily life and overall productivity for those affected by the common cold. It's noteworthy that while zinc proves beneficial, other vitamins like vitamin C and vitamin D did not show the same effectiveness in this context.
4
Zinc may shorten cold duration
Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold.
We explored how zinc supplementation might impact the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Through a thorough examination of 34 studies involving over 8,500 participants, we aimed to understand whether zinc could effectively reduce the occurrence or duration of colds.
The studies included randomized controlled trials comparing zinc to placebo in both children and adults. Our findings indicate that while zinc may not significantly lower the risk of catching a cold, it could help reduce the duration of an ongoing cold. However, this benefit comes alongside an increase in non-serious side effects, such as an unpleasant taste and stomach issues.
It's important to note that many of these studies showed a wide range of interventions and outcomes, and some reporting was incomplete. Overall, our results suggest that zinc does not hold substantial promise for preventing colds, but it may help shorten the duration of symptoms once a cold strikes.
9
Zinc's potential in virus treatment
Inhibition of Respiratory RNA Viruses by a Composition of Ionophoric Polyphenols with Metal Ions.
We explored the effectiveness of zinc in combination with herbal polyphenols against respiratory RNA viruses, including the common cold. In this study, the researchers combined zinc picolinate with various flavonoids to see if it could reduce viral replication and load without harming healthy cells.
The results were quite promising, showing a significant reduction of 50-95% in the genome replication levels of viruses like the human coronavirus OC43, influenza A virus, and human metapneumovirus. This suggests that zinc, when paired with appropriate compounds, may play a beneficial role in treating infections that lead to the common cold.
However, it's important to note that while the study shows a notable decrease in viral activity, it did not specifically isolate the effects of zinc alone. Thus, we cannot definitively state that zinc by itself is effective against the common cold without considering the contributions of the other substances involved.
Overall, this research opens the door for developing a potential treatment that is not toxic and sourced from natural ingredients, which could be effective against various RNA viruses with the hope of remaining effective even amidst mutating strains.
7
Zinc's unclear role in colds
Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19.
We explored the potential effects of zinc on the common cold based on a collection of research studies that investigated its role in treating acute respiratory infections, including COVID-19.
Importantly, we found that while zinc showed some promise in improving conditions related to pneumonia in children under five, there wasn't enough clear evidence linking zinc directly to a reduction in the incidence or duration of the common cold.
Typically, vitamins C, D, and E were examined alongside zinc, with findings indicating that these vitamins did not lower the common cold's occurrence. However, we noted that vitamin C did help shorten its duration and lessen its severity for some individuals, particularly those under physical or environmental stress.
Ultimately, while zinc has been shown to support health in various contexts, its specific impact on the common cold remains uncertain, suggesting that additional research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
We observed that zinc has been highlighted as a potential remedy for alleviating symptoms of the common cold. The information indicates that zinc may play a significant role in treating cold symptoms, especially in adults. While conclusive and thorough evidence specifically isolating zinc's effects isn't entirely clear, it is often included among over-the-counter treatments that have shown effectiveness.
Zinc is typically administered to support quicker recovery from cold symptoms, which also include nasal congestion and sore throat. It’s essential that we keep in mind that not all evidence is of high quality, but some studies and anecdotal reports suggest that incorporating zinc may lead to some improvement in symptom management.
Furthermore, it's important to emphasize that when advising patients, we should be mindful of the limitations and mix of other treatments. Although zinc appears promising, it's crucial to inform individuals that effective treatment strategies extend beyond just zinc alone. While the potential benefits of zinc are appealing, more reliable research is necessary to fully endorse its effectiveness in cold treatment.
References
Nault D, Machingo TA, Shipper AG, Antiporta DA, Hamel C, et al. Zinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;5:CD014914. 10.1002/14651858.CD014914.pub2
Kreiser T, Zaguri D, Sachdeva S, Zamostiano R, Mograbi J, et al. Inhibition of Respiratory RNA Viruses by a Composition of Ionophoric Polyphenols with Metal Ions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15. 10.3390/ph15030377
Hemilä H, Chalker E, Tukiainen J. Quantile Treatment Effect of Zinc Lozenges on Common Cold Duration: A Novel Approach to Analyze the Effect of Treatment on Illness Duration. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:817522. 10.3389/fphar.2022.817522
Murni IK, Prawirohartono EP, Triasih R. Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021;8:2333794X211021739. 10.1177/2333794X211021739
Wang MX, Win SS, Pang J. Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:86. 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0718
DeGeorge KC, Ring DJ, Dalrymple SN. Treatment of the Common Cold. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100:281.