We aimed to explore the link between dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and their potential impact on headache prevalence in the U.S. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1999 and 2004, we looked at a diverse group of over 12,000 adults aged 20 and older.
Through interviews, participants reported experiences of severe headaches or migraines in the past three months. We also measured dietary EPA and DHA from their food intake and assessed levels of C-reactive protein, which is an indicator of inflammation. Our analysis suggested that increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids correlated with a lower prevalence of severe headaches or migraines. Specifically, each log unit increase in EPA was linked to a 6% reduction in the prevalence—while DHA showed a similar reduction.
Interestingly, we found that this effect was more pronounced among non-Mexican Hispanic participants compared to others. Importantly, our results remained robust even after considering inflammation levels. Thus, this study supports the idea that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in helping to prevent or alleviate headaches.
Read More
9
Omega-3 diet reduces headache pain
Diet-induced changes in n-3- and n-6-derived endocannabinoids and reductions in headache pain and psychological distress.
We explored how dietary changes, specifically increasing omega-3 fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) while lowering omega-6 fatty acids, can influence headache pain. In a trial involving 55 chronic headache patients, we observed significant benefits from this targeted dietary intervention.
Participants in the study experienced notable increases in beneficial compounds derived from DHA, including 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol and docosahexaenoylethanolamine, alongside a decrease in a compound derived from omega-6 fatty acids. Our findings indicate that these changes in endocannabinoids are linked to reductions in both physical pain and psychological distress related to headaches.
The results suggest that adopting a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids could be a promising way to manage headaches and related psychological issues effectively. This highlights the potential relevance of diet in addressing chronic pain, opening the door for further exploration into personalized nutrition as a valuable strategy for headache relief.
Read More
7
DHA reduces migraine frequency
The relationship between different fatty acids intake and frequency of migraine attacks.
In our exploration of how different fatty acids influence migraine frequency, we found intriguing results regarding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We assessed the dietary habits of 105 migraine patients aged between 15 and 50 years, using a food frequency questionnaire to track their intake of various fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA).
The data told a compelling story: a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA and EPA, was linked to a lower frequency of migraine attacks. When we looked closer, we discovered that for individuals with lower levels of these omega-3 fats, the frequency of migraines was notably higher. This trend was consistent across both men and women, suggesting a robust relationship between increased DHA intake and reduced headache occurrences.
On the other hand, the study did not find any significant connection between saturated fatty acid intake and migraine frequency. This could indicate that not all fats are created equal when it comes to managing headaches. The findings point to the potential of DHA, alongside EPA, as a dietary intervention for migraine relief, although further studies are needed to deepen our understanding.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Completely prevents headaches
2 people found this helpful
Ashwagandha offers calmness and energy! I gave it to my mother and grandmother during stressful times. Surprisingly, my mother didn’t experience a headache, though she typically faced issues with them before. My grandmother, often unwell, became more lively and started to engage in activities again, gaining strength and an improved mood after taking Ashwagandha.
Read More
9
Effective relief
This is better than the large pink one. After consuming this, the tension dissipates and the headache is alleviated.
Read More
7.5
Headaches due to fatigue
Mamata Quality Organic High Ingredients Organic Ashwagandha has helped me considerably over three months. It improves my mood and activity levels, particularly with muscle pain and persistent headaches that I experienced.
We conducted a clinical trial to see how dietary changes targeting omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids could help people dealing with chronic headaches. Over 12 weeks, we divided participants into two groups: one that increased their omega-3 intake while reducing omega-6 and another that just focused on lowering omega-6.
Our findings were quite promising! Those in the group increasing their omega-3 levels experienced a greater reduction in headache severity and frequency compared to those simply lowering omega-6. Specifically, the high omega-3 group had a significant drop in both daily headache hours and pain impact, while altering levels of important headache-relief mediators in the body.
This suggests that increasing omega-3, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, can be an effective strategy for reducing headache symptoms and improving overall quality of life among chronic headache sufferers. These dietary adjustments could provide a new avenue for managing headaches more effectively.
Read More
9
Omega-3 diet reduces headache pain
Diet-induced changes in n-3- and n-6-derived endocannabinoids and reductions in headache pain and psychological distress.
We explored how dietary changes, specifically increasing omega-3 fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) while lowering omega-6 fatty acids, can influence headache pain. In a trial involving 55 chronic headache patients, we observed significant benefits from this targeted dietary intervention.
Participants in the study experienced notable increases in beneficial compounds derived from DHA, including 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol and docosahexaenoylethanolamine, alongside a decrease in a compound derived from omega-6 fatty acids. Our findings indicate that these changes in endocannabinoids are linked to reductions in both physical pain and psychological distress related to headaches.
The results suggest that adopting a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids could be a promising way to manage headaches and related psychological issues effectively. This highlights the potential relevance of diet in addressing chronic pain, opening the door for further exploration into personalized nutrition as a valuable strategy for headache relief.
Read More
8
DHA may predict headache severity
Identifying oxidized lipid mediators as prognostic biomarkers of chronic posttraumatic headache.
We investigated the potential of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its oxidized derivatives in predicting chronic posttraumatic headache (PTH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a study involving patients within three days of a TBI, we focused on measuring circulating oxylipins—molecules derived from fatty acids like DHA and arachidonic acid. Our goal was to see if these could help indicate which patients might develop chronic headaches later on.
We found that some DHA-related oxylipins, specifically 4-hydroxy-DHA and 19,20-epoxy-docosapentaenoate, seemed to correlate with lower headache severity. Conversely, a linoleic acid derivative known as 11-hydroxy-9-epoxy-octadecenoate was positively linked to more severe headaches. This suggests that not all fatty acid derivatives act similarly concerning headache severity.
Our findings support the idea that DHA-derived oxylipins have the potential to serve as biomarkers for predicting the onset of chronic headaches after a brain injury, highlighting an exciting area for further research into treatment options.
Read More
8
Omega-3s may reduce headaches
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and headache in the U.S. population.
We aimed to explore the link between dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and their potential impact on headache prevalence in the U.S. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1999 and 2004, we looked at a diverse group of over 12,000 adults aged 20 and older.
Through interviews, participants reported experiences of severe headaches or migraines in the past three months. We also measured dietary EPA and DHA from their food intake and assessed levels of C-reactive protein, which is an indicator of inflammation. Our analysis suggested that increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids correlated with a lower prevalence of severe headaches or migraines. Specifically, each log unit increase in EPA was linked to a 6% reduction in the prevalence—while DHA showed a similar reduction.
Interestingly, we found that this effect was more pronounced among non-Mexican Hispanic participants compared to others. Importantly, our results remained robust even after considering inflammation levels. Thus, this study supports the idea that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in helping to prevent or alleviate headaches.
Read More
7
Study on omega-3 and headaches
Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions.
We examined how the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influences headache intensity. The study included 605 adults and focused on various chronic pain conditions, including orofacial pain, headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and bodily pain.
The findings revealed that a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was linked to increased pain intensity across several conditions, particularly in headaches. Interestingly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a specific type of omega-3 fatty acid, was found to have a strong inverse relationship with pain intensity, indicating that higher levels of DHA may help reduce headache severity.
However, it’s important to note that while the study found a consistent association between the overall ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 and headache intensity, it did not isolate the effect of DHA alone on headaches. This suggests that while DHA may be beneficial, its exact impact on headache pain requires further investigation to fully understand its role.
Ashwagandha offers calmness and energy! I gave it to my mother and grandmother during stressful times. Surprisingly, my mother didn’t experience a headache, though she typically faced issues with them before. My grandmother, often unwell, became more lively and started to engage in activities again, gaining strength and an improved mood after taking Ashwagandha.
Read More
9
Effective relief
This is better than the large pink one. After consuming this, the tension dissipates and the headache is alleviated.
Read More
7.5
Headaches due to fatigue
Mamata Quality Organic High Ingredients Organic Ashwagandha has helped me considerably over three months. It improves my mood and activity levels, particularly with muscle pain and persistent headaches that I experienced.
Read More
6
Decreases headache frequency
8 people found this helpful
I’ve been drinking this with plain hot water every morning for around a month now. I feel more refreshed from physical fatigue and dullness, and my headache has also diminished. I’m keen to continue!
Read More
7.5
Cures headache
It is beneficial for headaches, as it is often resolved using this, ubiquinol, and magnesium.
A headache is a common condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can vary in intensity, frequency, and duration, and is often classified into two primary categories: primary and secondary headaches. Primary headaches, such as tension-type headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches, are not caused by other medical conditions. Instead, they are conditions in themselves, often resulting from factors like stress, hormonal changes, or environmental triggers. Secondary headaches, on the other hand, are symptoms of an underlying issue, such as an infection, injury, or other medical conditions.
The experience of a headache can differ widely among individuals. Depending on the type, headaches can be throbbing or constant and may be accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light, or aura effects before the headache strikes. Effective management strategies vary by headache type and may include over-the-counter pain relievers, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, prescription medications. Understanding the specific triggers and patterns related to your headaches can be crucial for prevention and treatment, so maintaining a headache diary may be beneficial for those experiencing frequent or severe episodes.
Ashwagandha, scientifically known as Withania somnifera, is a prominent herb in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, appreciated for its adaptogenic properties. This means it helps the body adapt to stress, promoting a sense of balance and well-being. The herb is derived from the roots and berries of the Ashwagandha plant and is often taken in powder, capsule, or liquid extract form. Additionally, it's known for its potential benefits, which may include reducing stress and anxiety, improving cognitive function, and supporting overall health.
Typically, Ashwagandha is well-regarded for its ability to enhance vitality and stamina. It’s commonly recommended for individuals experiencing fatigue or those looking to improve their physical performance. However, while many users report positive effects, it’s essential to approach its use thoughtfully. Consulting a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially for those with pre-existing health conditions or those taking medications, is crucial for safety and efficacy. Overall, Ashwagandha continues to gain popularity among wellness enthusiasts due to its historical use and emerging research supporting its benefits.
Ashwagandha, a popular adaptogenic herb in Ayurvedic medicine, has gained attention in recent years for its potential health benefits, including stress reduction and anxiety relief. While there is limited direct research specifically linking Ashwagandha to relief from headaches, its ability to lower stress and anxiety might indirectly contribute to fewer tension-type headaches. Chronic stress is often a significant factor in triggering headaches, and by promoting relaxation and a sense of calm, Ashwagandha may help mitigate this underlying cause.
Additionally, some studies suggest that Ashwagandha has anti-inflammatory properties, which could also play a role in headache management. However, it’s essential to note that individual responses to supplements can vary, and if headaches persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to explore appropriate treatment options. As always, incorporating lifestyle modifications such as hydration, proper rest, and stress management techniques is crucial for overall headache prevention and management.
Based on user reviews, the timeframe for noticing results from taking Ashwagandha for headaches varies widely among individuals. Some users report experiencing relief relatively quickly; for instance, one user noted that after consuming it regularly for about a month, their headaches diminished significantly (Read Review). Another review suggests a more extended period, with one user mentioning they felt considerable improvement over three months, particularly for headaches and muscle pain they had previously experienced (Read Review).
However, it's important to note that not every user has had a positive experience. Some users listed headaches as a side effect of taking the supplement, with one individual ending their use due to persistent headaches after a few attempts (Read Review). Therefore, while some may find relief within weeks, others may experience side effects or no significant change even after prolonged use. Overall, it seems that results can vary widely from person to person.
The potential of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to alleviate headache symptoms is supported by a range of scientific studies. One significant study found that a higher intake of omega-3 fats is linked to lower headache intensity, with DHA showing an inverse relationship with pain severity in chronic pain conditions, including headaches [1]. Other controlled trials have shown that dietary interventions increasing omega-3 intake while reducing omega-6 fats can lead to notable reductions in both headache frequency and severity [9], which aligns with findings that higher DHA levels correlate with fewer migraine attacks [7].
However, while many studies indicate that increasing omega-3 fatty acids can have beneficial effects on headache symptoms, isolating the specific impact of DHA alone proves complex due to the interplay of various dietary factors. For instance, one trial involving 122 participants with traumatic brain injuries did not draw definitive conclusions regarding DHA's role in headache relief [2]. Moreover, although there are promising indicators that dietary changes involving omega-3 can aid in headache management, further research is necessary to fully determine the efficacy of DHA as a standalone treatment for headaches [6]. Overall, the existing evidence suggests that dietary approaches including omega-3 fatty acids offer a valuable strategy for managing headaches.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their symptoms after taking Ashwagandha. For example, one user shared that their mother, who usually dealt with headaches, experienced none while taking the supplement during stressful times, while their grandmother reported increased energy and improved mood (Read Review). Another reviewer noted a marked reduction in headaches and enhanced mood after three months of use, emphasizing a boost in overall activity levels, particularly regarding muscle pain (Read Review). Similarly, some users mentioned that their headaches were alleviated or tension dissipated after consuming Ashwagandha (Read Review).
However, it's worth noting that individual experiences vary considerably. While some users found relief, others reported adverse effects, such as increased headaches, leading them to discontinue use (Read Review). A few users experienced no noticeable benefits at all, with one describing their experience as a lack of efficacy and another questioning a potential allergy due to headaches following use (Read ReviewRead Review). Overall, while many users have reported positive experiences, results can differ widely from person to person.
Based on user reviews, there is mixed feedback regarding the effectiveness of combining Ashwagandha with other supplements to manage headaches. One reviewer noted that Ashwagandha, alongside ubiquinol and magnesium, was effective in resolving their headaches, suggesting a synergistic effect when used in combination with these supplements (Read Review). This indicates that some users may find specific combinations beneficial for alleviating symptoms.
However, it's important to highlight that not all experiences are positive when combining supplements. Several reviewers reported adverse effects, such as increased headaches and a lack of efficacy when taking Ashwagandha, leading them to discontinue use (Read ReviewRead Review). In fact, some individuals experienced headaches consistently after regular consumption, raising concerns about potential allergies or intolerances to the supplement (Read Review). Thus, while combining Ashwagandha with certain supplements may be beneficial for some, users should approach this mixture with caution and consider personal responses.
Based on user reviews, there appears to be varied experiences regarding the effectiveness and dosage of Ashwagandha for alleviating headaches. Some users report positive results; for example, one reviewer noted that their mother's headache issues disappeared after taking Ashwagandha during stressful times Read Review. Another user shared that after consuming Ashwagandha, they found that the tension dissipated, alleviating their headache Read Review. A third user mentioned that their persistent headaches improved significantly after a three-month course of Ashwagandha Read Review.
However, not all experiences were positive. Some users reported adverse effects, including headaches after initial use, suggesting potential sensitivity or an adverse reaction to the supplement Read ReviewRead Review. There were also accounts of ineffectiveness for certain individuals, leading them to discontinue use Read Review. This variability indicates that while Ashwagandha may benefit some individuals for headache relief, others might experience side effects or lack of efficacy, highlighting the importance of personalized dosage and monitoring when using this supplement.
6
Decreases headache frequency
8 people found this helpful
I’ve been drinking this with plain hot water every morning for around a month now. I feel more refreshed from physical fatigue and dullness, and my headache has also diminished. I’m keen to continue!
7.5
Headaches due to fatigue
Mamata Quality Organic High Ingredients Organic Ashwagandha has helped me considerably over three months. It improves my mood and activity levels, particularly with muscle pain and persistent headaches that I experienced.
2
Headaches discontinued use
I got headaches the first three times I took this, so I discontinued use. I’m uncertain about the cause of these headaches.
9
Completely prevents headaches
2 people found this helpful
Ashwagandha offers calmness and energy! I gave it to my mother and grandmother during stressful times. Surprisingly, my mother didn’t experience a headache, though she typically faced issues with them before. My grandmother, often unwell, became more lively and started to engage in activities again, gaining strength and an improved mood after taking Ashwagandha.
9
Effective relief
This is better than the large pink one. After consuming this, the tension dissipates and the headache is alleviated.
2
Not suitable for headaches
This product has good quality, but unfortunately, it didn’t suit me as it caused headaches.
2
No headache relief
5 people found this helpful
I took these pills for two months, but the effect was non-existent; I still experienced drowsiness and a sense of apathy. My husband, who suffered from headaches, stopped taking them immediately due to this lack of efficacy—especially as the price has risen almost twofold.
0
Every dose triggers headaches
I’m unsure about this as every time I take it, I get a headache. Perhaps I am allergic.
7.5
Cures headache
It is beneficial for headaches, as it is often resolved using this, ubiquinol, and magnesium.
7
Study on omega-3 and headaches
Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions.
We examined how the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influences headache intensity. The study included 605 adults and focused on various chronic pain conditions, including orofacial pain, headache, low back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and bodily pain.
The findings revealed that a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was linked to increased pain intensity across several conditions, particularly in headaches. Interestingly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a specific type of omega-3 fatty acid, was found to have a strong inverse relationship with pain intensity, indicating that higher levels of DHA may help reduce headache severity.
However, it’s important to note that while the study found a consistent association between the overall ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 and headache intensity, it did not isolate the effect of DHA alone on headaches. This suggests that while DHA may be beneficial, its exact impact on headache pain requires further investigation to fully understand its role.
9.5
Omega-3s effectively reduce headaches
Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: a randomized trial.
We conducted a clinical trial to see how dietary changes targeting omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids could help people dealing with chronic headaches. Over 12 weeks, we divided participants into two groups: one that increased their omega-3 intake while reducing omega-6 and another that just focused on lowering omega-6.
Our findings were quite promising! Those in the group increasing their omega-3 levels experienced a greater reduction in headache severity and frequency compared to those simply lowering omega-6. Specifically, the high omega-3 group had a significant drop in both daily headache hours and pain impact, while altering levels of important headache-relief mediators in the body.
This suggests that increasing omega-3, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, can be an effective strategy for reducing headache symptoms and improving overall quality of life among chronic headache sufferers. These dietary adjustments could provide a new avenue for managing headaches more effectively.
7
DHA reduces migraine frequency
The relationship between different fatty acids intake and frequency of migraine attacks.
In our exploration of how different fatty acids influence migraine frequency, we found intriguing results regarding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We assessed the dietary habits of 105 migraine patients aged between 15 and 50 years, using a food frequency questionnaire to track their intake of various fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA).
The data told a compelling story: a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA and EPA, was linked to a lower frequency of migraine attacks. When we looked closer, we discovered that for individuals with lower levels of these omega-3 fats, the frequency of migraines was notably higher. This trend was consistent across both men and women, suggesting a robust relationship between increased DHA intake and reduced headache occurrences.
On the other hand, the study did not find any significant connection between saturated fatty acid intake and migraine frequency. This could indicate that not all fats are created equal when it comes to managing headaches. The findings point to the potential of DHA, alongside EPA, as a dietary intervention for migraine relief, although further studies are needed to deepen our understanding.
4
Dietary study on headache relief
Targeted dietary interventions to reduce pain in persistent post-traumatic headache among service members: Protocol for a randomized, controlled parallel-group trial.
We conducted a study to explore the effects of dietary changes, specifically focusing on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on persistent post-traumatic headaches (PTH) among service members. Our trial involved 122 participants suffering from chronic headaches following traumatic brain injuries. Participants followed a controlled diet for 12 weeks, with one group increasing their intake of n-3 fatty acids like DHA while reducing n-6 fatty acids, while the control group maintained a typical diet.
Throughout the trial, we gathered data through daily headache diaries and measured various clinical outcomes, including the impact of headaches on daily living. While our goal was to determine whether increasing DHA could lead to significant improvements in headache symptoms, we need to note that the results did not show a clear benefit directly attributable to DHA alone.
It’s important to understand that while dietary modifications involving DHA were studied, the presence of other dietary components makes it challenging to isolate its specific impact on headaches. The overall findings suggest that while dietary interventions are being explored, more focused research is needed to fully understand the role of DHA in headache management.
7
Dietary omega-3 impacts migraines
A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol.
We designed a study to investigate how dietary alterations, particularly in omega-3 fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), affect migraine headaches. Our randomized, controlled trial involved 153 adults with episodic migraines, allowing us to analyze the impact of increased intake of n-3 EPA and DHA, compared to standard dietary intakes of n-6 linoleic acid.
Over a span of 16 weeks, participants followed one of three dietary plans while being completely unaware of the specific guidelines. These plans included a regimen with high n-3 and low n-6 intake, a high n-3 with usual n-6 intake, and a standard diet. Throughout the study, we provided participants with specific oils and foods, ensuring they received the necessary nutritional support.
Our focus was not just on the dietary changes, but also on how these changes could modulate headache pain and improve quality of life. By measuring various biochemical and clinical outcomes, we were poised to gain insightful knowledge about the role of DHA and its potential benefits for managing migraine headaches.
However, we also found that combining these fatty acids made it challenging to isolate the specific effects of DHA alone on headache outcomes. Therefore, while this study offers valuable insights into dietary influences on migraine, we must exercise caution in attributing efficacy solely to DHA.
References
Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, et al. Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions. J Pain. 2023;24:478. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.008
Faurot KR, Cole WR, MacIntosh BA, Dunlap M, Moore CB, et al. Targeted dietary interventions to reduce pain in persistent post-traumatic headache among service members: Protocol for a randomized, controlled parallel-group trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2022;119:106851. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106851
Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Horowitz M, et al. Dietary alteration of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for headache reduction in adults with migraine: randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2021;374:n1448. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1448
Domenichiello AF, Jensen JR, Zamora D, Horowitz M, Yuan ZX, et al. Identifying oxidized lipid mediators as prognostic biomarkers of chronic posttraumatic headache. Pain. 2020;161:2775. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001983
Sanders AE, Shaikh SR, Slade GD. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and headache in the U.S. population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;135:47. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.008
Mann JD, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Palsson OS, Suchindran CM, et al. A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;128:41. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.002
Sadeghi O, Maghsoudi Z, Khorvash F, Ghiasvand R, Askari G. The relationship between different fatty acids intake and frequency of migraine attacks. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20:334.
Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Makriyannis A, Wood JT, Mann JD, et al. Diet-induced changes in n-3- and n-6-derived endocannabinoids and reductions in headache pain and psychological distress. J Pain. 2015;16:707. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.04.007
Ramsden CE, Faurot KR, Zamora D, Suchindran CM, MacIntosh BA, et al. Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: a randomized trial. Pain. 2013;154:2441. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028