Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 41 Researches
7.6
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.3
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Softgels
Serving Per Container:  60
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
20
 
Total Fat
2 g
3%‡
Cholesterol
11 mg
4%‡
Protein
<1 g
Fish Oil Concentrate^
2,000 mg
Omega-3 Fatty Acids^
1,200 mg
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid)^
800 mg
DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)^
400 mg

Top Medical Research Studies

9.5
Fish oil reduces catheter-related clots
We analyzed the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in children with intestinal failure.

In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.

Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.
Read More
We investigated the impact of FJH-KO, a source of omega-3 fatty acids from Antarctic krill, on thrombosis in a mouse model. By inducing thrombosis using carrageenan, we treated the mice with FJH-KO beforehand.

The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

8
Blood thinning effect
I managed to buy this product at a bargain price, as pharmacy prices have doubled. I'm taking it to thin my blood after COVID, as I am breastfeeding and require a high amount of DHA for my child's development. I recommend it.
Read More
8.8
Improves blood vessels
I appreciate the high concentration of EPA DHA as it helps my eye blood vessels. I use it to lower cholesterol and improve my inflamed bones. I repurchase it regularly.
Read More
3.8
Thin blood caution
Omega 3 greatly supports health. However, I advise against it for those with thin blood, as it may thin the blood further, along with some anticoagulants.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 41 Researches
7.6
  • All Researches
9.5
Fish oil reduces catheter-related clots
We analyzed the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in children with intestinal failure.

In this study, we compared 35 pediatric patients receiving a soy oil lipid emulsion with 35 who received fish oil.

Remarkably, none of the children in the fish oil group experienced blood clots, whereas the soy oil group had ten cases. This suggests that fish oil lipid emulsion may significantly reduce the risk of clots associated with central venous catheters.
Read More
We investigated the impact of FJH-KO, a source of omega-3 fatty acids from Antarctic krill, on thrombosis in a mouse model. By inducing thrombosis using carrageenan, we treated the mice with FJH-KO beforehand.

The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
Read More
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its derivatives affect platelet activity and blood clotting. Our findings revealed that DHA, along with its oxidized forms, effectively reduced platelet aggregation and activation, particularly in mouse models.

Although DHA showed some benefits, the most significant effects on blood clots came from its oxylipins, specifically 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. These compounds appeared to inhibit platelet adhesion and thrombus formation through a specific signaling pathway, enhancing the potential for DHA as a treatment for clot-related cardiovascular issues.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.
Read More
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, influences blood clotting processes. The interest in EPA grew substantially after the 1970s when researchers Dyerberg and Bang noted that Greenland Eskimos had lower rates of coronary disease linked to their diet rich in marine lipids.

Their findings suggested that the higher levels of EPA led to reduced platelet aggregation, which essentially means that the blood clots less easily. This anti-clotting effect is significant since blood clots can lead to serious health issues like heart attacks and strokes.

Although studies have shown these promising effects, it’s crucial to note that much of the initial acclaim came from dietary observations rather than controlled clinical trials. This means that while we can relate high EPA intake to lower health risks in specific populations, we still need more rigorous studies to fully understand the impact of EPA on blood clotting across diverse groups.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.3
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
8
Blood thinning effect
I managed to buy this product at a bargain price, as pharmacy prices have doubled. I'm taking it to thin my blood after COVID, as I am breastfeeding and require a high amount of DHA for my child's development. I recommend it.
Read More
8.8
Improves blood vessels
I appreciate the high concentration of EPA DHA as it helps my eye blood vessels. I use it to lower cholesterol and improve my inflamed bones. I repurchase it regularly.
Read More
3.8
Thin blood caution
Omega 3 greatly supports health. However, I advise against it for those with thin blood, as it may thin the blood further, along with some anticoagulants.
Read More
3.5
Low blood pressure
This fish oil is satisfactory but lowers my blood pressure, which isn't ideal for my situation.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

A blood clot is a mass of blood that changes from a liquid to a gel, effectively forming a plug that can stop bleeding. This natural process, known as coagulation, is critical for preventing excessive blood loss when you sustain an injury. Blood clots can occur in various areas of the body, typically at the site of a wound, but they can also form within blood vessels without an obvious injury, which may lead to serious health complications.

While blood clots are essential for healing, they can pose significant health risks if they form inappropriately. For example, a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing a life-threatening condition called a pulmonary embolism. Risk factors for blood clots include prolonged immobility, certain medical conditions, and the use of specific medications, among others. It’s important to recognize the symptoms of abnormal clotting, such as swelling, pain, and redness in the affected area, and seek medical attention if they occur.

Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.

Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.

Omega-3 fish oil is often touted for its cardiovascular benefits, but its relationship with blood clots is nuanced. The omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil, particularly EPA and DHA, can help reduce inflammation and have been shown to have a mild blood-thinning effect. This may be beneficial for individuals at risk of heart disease, as it can help improve blood circulation and reduce the formation of clots. However, this doesn't mean that fish oil is a substitute for prescribed anticoagulant medications or that it can prevent blood clots entirely.

It's essential to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your routine, especially if you're on blood-thinning medications or have existing health conditions. While some studies suggest that higher intakes of omega-3s can support cardiovascular health, the effects can vary based on individual health factors. Always prioritize informed medical advice to tailor supplementation to your unique health profile.

Research indicates that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may play a beneficial role in managing blood clotting. For instance, various studies have found that higher levels of these fatty acids are associated with lower markers of coagulation activity, such as D-dimer and beta-thromboglobulin, especially in patients with cardiovascular conditions like atrial fibrillation [32]. Notably, omega-3 supplements have also shown potential in reducing thrombus formation in both animal models and human studies, indicating a protective effect against blood clots [1], [3].

In addition, research has revealed that EPA can significantly reduce thrombin generation—a crucial element in blood clot formation—suggesting its protective benefits [38]. Furthermore, DHA and its oxidized metabolites have demonstrated an ability to inhibit platelet activation, which plays a significant role in thrombus development [34]. Despite the promising outcomes, it's essential to approach these findings with caution, as not all studies agree on the extent of these benefits, highlighting the need for further research to establish clear recommendations [9]. Overall, while omega-3 fatty acids appear to support reduced clotting risks, their implementation should be personalized based on individual health contexts and the latest scientific insights.

Based on user reviews, several individuals have reported notable improvements in their health symptoms after using this product. For instance, one user highlighted that the high concentration of EPA and DHA significantly aids in lowering cholesterol levels and managing inflammation in their bones, indicating a positive impact on overall health and well-being (Read Review). Another user mentioned using the product post-COVID to help thin the blood, which they suggested is beneficial while breastfeeding due to the importance of DHA for child development (Read Review).

However, it's noteworthy that responses to omega-3 supplements can vary widely among individuals. While some users appreciate the health support, including benefits for eye health and cholesterol levels, others caution against usage if they are already on blood-thinning medications or have low blood pressure, as seen in a review where the fish oil reportedly lowered blood pressure undesirably (Read Review). This reinforces the necessity for potential users to consult healthcare professionals before starting any new supplement regimen.

Users report a mixed experience when combining this supplement with other products, specifically in the context of managing blood clotting. One user mentioned taking the supplement post-COVID to help thin their blood, particularly while breastfeeding, indicating its importance for child development due to the high DHA content (Read Review). Conversely, another user cautioned against its use for individuals who already have thin blood or are on anticoagulants, as the supplement may exacerbate this condition (Read Review).

Furthermore, a user experienced an undesirable drop in blood pressure after starting fish oil, suggesting that this can create complications for some individuals who may already have low blood pressure (Read Review). Overall, these experiences highlight the importance of consulting with a healthcare professional before combining this supplement with others, especially for those on specific medications or with particular health concerns.

According to recent research, the optimal dose of Omega-3 Fish Oil for reducing blood clot risks appears to be around 1000 mg daily, particularly for individuals recovering from specific surgical procedures. In a large randomized, double-blind study involving elderly patients after proximal femoral fractures, those who received 1000 mg of omega-3 daily for 30 days demonstrated significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo, all without increasing bleeding risks ([6]).

Moreover, other studies suggest that higher intakes of omega-3s, especially those rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to lower levels of blood clot markers, thereby indicating potential antithrombotic benefits ([32]). Although the optimal dosage may vary based on specific patient needs or conditions, aiming for around 1000 mg daily is a good starting point for those interested in the potential protective effects against blood clots.

8.8
Improves blood vessels
I appreciate the high concentration of EPA DHA as it helps my eye blood vessels. I use it to lower cholesterol and improve my inflamed bones. I repurchase it regularly.
8
Blood thinning effect
I managed to buy this product at a bargain price, as pharmacy prices have doubled. I'm taking it to thin my blood after COVID, as I am breastfeeding and require a high amount of DHA for my child's development. I recommend it.
3.5
Low blood pressure
This fish oil is satisfactory but lowers my blood pressure, which isn't ideal for my situation.
3.8
Thin blood caution
Omega 3 greatly supports health. However, I advise against it for those with thin blood, as it may thin the blood further, along with some anticoagulants.
We set out to explore how docosahexaenoic acid, commonly known as DHA, influences blood clotting in patients with atrial fibrillation. In a detailed analysis of 2,373 individuals, we examined the relationship between total omega-3 fatty acids and specific clotting markers, D-dimer, and beta-thromboglobulin (BTG).

Our findings revealed that higher overall levels of omega-3 fatty acids were associated with lower levels of D-dimer and BTG, indicating a potential antithrombotic effect. Notably, individual omega-3s, including DHA, showed an inverse relationship with D-dimer levels, suggesting that as DHA increases, the likelihood of clot formation may decrease.

However, when it came to BTG, while DHA was linked to lower levels, the results also showed that EPA, another omega-3, had a positive correlation with BTG. This finding indicates that while DHA might play a beneficial role, the overall effects of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet activation could be complex.

In summary, the study suggests that higher levels of DHA could contribute to lower blood clotting markers, which is promising news for managing atrial fibrillation, but it also highlights the need for further investigation into the nuanced roles of different omega-3 fatty acids in blood clotting dynamics.
8
Omega-3s reduce blood clot risk
We examined how fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), impacts blood clotting in individuals at moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases. In a controlled study with 40 participants, we discovered that fish oil supplementation led to significant changes in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are linked to clotting processes.

Notably, the fish oil reduced the coagulatory activity of these EVs, suggesting a protective effect against thrombus formation. This finding opens up new avenues for preventing blood clots and managing cardiovascular health.
We investigated the impact of FJH-KO, a source of omega-3 fatty acids from Antarctic krill, on thrombosis in a mouse model. By inducing thrombosis using carrageenan, we treated the mice with FJH-KO beforehand.

The results showed that FJH-KO reduced thrombus formation and prolonged bleeding time. It also lowered levels of substances associated with clotting while boosting protective factors. Additionally, in human cells, FJH-KO inhibited the adhesion of immune cells, suggesting its potential as an antithrombotic agent.
7
DHA may reduce blood clotting
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on blood clotting and thrombus formation in our study. Instead of relying merely on simple lab tests, we aimed for a more realistic approach using human platelets exposed to DHA and stimulated with various agents that mimic the conditions found in growing blood clots.

Our results showed that while DHA did not significantly change many basic functions of platelets in conventional tests, it did have a notable impact on thrombin generation—a key factor in blood clotting. Specifically, DHA delayed the production of thrombin in both human samples and mouse models, which are critical for forming stable blood clots.

Furthermore, in mice fed a DHA-enriched diet, we observed reduced platelet accumulation in thrombi formed in both small arterioles and larger arteries. This contrasted with unchanged levels of P-selectin, which indicates platelet activation. These findings suggest that although DHA may not dramatically alter standard platelet activities, it has the potential to enhance heart health by reducing thrombin generation and diminishing the formation of blood clots in the body.

Overall, the study reinforces the idea that incorporating omega-3 fatty acids like DHA into our diet could offer cardioprotective benefits, particularly in managing blood clotting processes.
8
We sought to understand how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, influences blood clotting and platelet activity. To do this, we examined DHA and its oxidized forms, known as oxylipins (11-HDHA and 14-HDHA), to see how they affected platelet function and the formation of blood clots.

The results were promising. We found that DHA and its oxylipins reduced the clustering of human platelets triggered by collagen, a key factor in clot formation. Notably, the oxylipins were particularly effective; they not only limited platelet activation but also decreased the secretion of substances critical for clotting. When we tested these substances in whole blood, we noted a significant reduction in the ability of platelets to adhere to surfaces coated with collagen, which is crucial in the early stages of clot formation.

Interestingly, our findings indicated that while DHA showed some effects, the real benefits seemed to come from the oxylipins, especially 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. In mice studies, thrombus formation was significantly reduced with these compounds, highlighting their important role in managing platelet activation. We also discovered that these effects were linked to the activation of protein kinase A, a pathway that plays a role in cell signaling.

Overall, our research offers valuable insights into how DHA and its oxidative products can help inhibit harmful clot formation. This could have important implications for utilizing DHA as a treatment strategy in cardiovascular health.
7
Omega-3s influence blood clotting pathways
We examined the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and their potential to influence blood clots. Omega-3s are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and benefits in vascular health. Recent studies revealed that certain metabolites from omega-3s can reduce inflammation and improve circulation. These effects include regulating platelet aggregation and possibly helping to prevent thrombosis. However, our findings indicate that while omega-3s have promising properties, they do not show a significant impact on blood clot reduction compared to existing treatments.
9
Omega-3 reduces clot risk post-surgery
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on blood clot risks in elderly patients recovering from proximal femoral fractures after surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study involving 452 participants, those who received daily supplementation of 1000 mg of omega-3 for 30 days experienced significant reductions in pulmonary embolism and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis compared to those on a placebo. Importantly, these benefits came without an increased risk of bleeding complications.

References

  1. Bozbas E, Zhou R, Soyama S, Allen-Redpath K, Mitchell JL, et al. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the number, fatty acid profile and coagulatory activity of circulating and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119:1175. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.008
  2. Reiner MF, Bertschi DA, Werlen L, Wiencierz A, Aeschbacher S, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Markers of Thrombosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16020178
  3. Lee GH, Lee SY, Chae JY, Kim JW, Kim JH, et al. Antarctic Krill Oil from Ameliorates Carrageenan-Induced Thrombosis in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. doi:10.3390/ijms242417440
  4. Pawelzik SC, Arnardottir H, Sarajlic P, Mahdi A, Vigor C, et al. Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023;194:308. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.006
  5. Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman CJ, Standley M, Hoang T, et al. DHA 12-LOX-derived oxylipins regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation through a PKA-dependent signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19:839. doi:10.1111/jth.15184
  6. Zheng X, Jia R, Li Y, Liu T, Wang Z. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce post-operative risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after surgery for elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Int Orthop. 2020;44:2089. doi:10.1007/s00264-020-04610-0
  7. Gaertner S, Auger C, Farooq MA, Pollet B, Khemais-Benkhiat S, et al. Oral Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by Middle-Aged Rats for One Week Improves Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Both the Femoral Artery and Vein: Role of Cyclooxygenases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. doi:10.3390/ijms21030920
  8. Isaksen T, Evensen LH, Brækkan SK, Hansen JB. Dietary Intake of Marine Polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2019;119:2053. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697663
  9. Carnevale LN, Das A. Novel Anti-inflammatory and Vasodilatory ω-3 Endocannabinoid Epoxide Regioisomers. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1161:219. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_17
  10. Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, Brinton EA, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140:e673. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709
  11. Viecelli AK, Polkinghorne KR, Pascoe EM, Paul-Brent PA, Hawley CM, et al. Fish oil and aspirin effects on arteriovenous fistula function: Secondary outcomes of the randomised omega-3 fatty acids (Fish oils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnal Disease (FAVOURED) trial. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0213274. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213274
  12. Akintoye E, Sethi P, Harris WS, Thompson PA, Marchioli R, et al. Fish Oil and Perioperative Bleeding. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11:e004584. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004584
  13. Spector AA, Kim HY. Emergence of omega-3 fatty acids in biomedical research. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019;140:47. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.017
  14. Tam KW, Wu MY, Siddiqui FJ, Chan ES, Zhu Y, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11:CD011353. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011353.pub2
  15. Jami MM, Bhardwaj V, Merritt RJ. Intravenous Fish Oil Lipid Emulsion Prevents Catheter-Related Thromboses in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure. J Pediatr. 2018;198:301. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.029
  16. Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, et al. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets. 2019;30:271. doi:10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154
  17. Reiner MF, Bertschi DA, Werlen L, Wiencierz A, Aeschbacher S, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Markers of Thrombosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16020178
  18. Lu LW, Quek SY, Lu SP, Chen JH. Potential Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N3PUFAs) on Cardiovascular Health Associated with COVID-19: An Update for 2023. Metabolites. 2023;13. doi:10.3390/metabo13050630
  19. Yuan S, Li X, Morange PE, Bruzelius M, Larsson SC. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: Mendelian Randomization Investigation. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14163354
  20. Nakao S, Ishihara T, Tsujimura T, Iida O, Hata Y, et al. Effectiveness of hospital lipid-lowering protocol of intensive lipid-lowering therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiol. 2022;79:391. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.005
  21. Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13072421
  22. Gaertner S, Auger C, Farooq MA, Pollet B, Khemais-Benkhiat S, et al. Oral Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by Middle-Aged Rats for One Week Improves Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Both the Femoral Artery and Vein: Role of Cyclooxygenases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. doi:10.3390/ijms21030920
  23. Akintoye E, Sethi P, Harris WS, Thompson PA, Marchioli R, et al. Fish Oil and Perioperative Bleeding. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11:e004584. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004584
  24. Spector AA, Kim HY. Emergence of omega-3 fatty acids in biomedical research. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019;140:47. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.017
  25. Garcia C, Montée N, Faccini J, Series J, Meilhac O, et al. Acute coronary syndrome remodels the antiplatelet aggregation properties of HDL particle subclasses. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16:933. doi:10.1111/jth.14003
  26. Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, et al. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets. 2019;30:271. doi:10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154
  27. Saber H, Yakoob MY, Shi P, Longstreth WT, Lemaitre RN, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Ischemic Stroke and Its Atherothrombotic and Cardioembolic Subtypes in 3 US Cohorts. Stroke. 2017;48:2678. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018235
  28. Elajami TK, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN, et al. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling. FASEB J. 2016;30:2792. doi:10.1096/fj.201500155R
  29. Franzese CJ, Bliden KP, Gesheff MG, Pandya S, Guyer KE, et al. Relation of fish oil supplementation to markers of atherothrombotic risk in patients with cardiovascular disease not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115:1204. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.002
  30. Sofi F, Giorgi G, Cesari F, Gori AM, Mannini L, et al. The atherosclerotic risk profile is affected differently by fish flesh with a similar EPA and DHA content but different n-6/n-3 ratio. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22:32. doi:10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.1.12
  31. McEwen BJ, Morel-Kopp MC, Chen W, Tofler GH, Ward CM. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on platelet function in healthy subjects and subjects with cardiovascular disease. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2013;39:25. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333309
  32. Reiner MF, Bertschi DA, Werlen L, Wiencierz A, Aeschbacher S, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Markers of Thrombosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16020178
  33. Lu LW, Quek SY, Lu SP, Chen JH. Potential Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N3PUFAs) on Cardiovascular Health Associated with COVID-19: An Update for 2023. Metabolites. 2023;13. doi:10.3390/metabo13050630
  34. Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman CJ, Standley M, Hoang T, et al. DHA 12-LOX-derived oxylipins regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation through a PKA-dependent signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19:839. doi:10.1111/jth.15184
  35. Takagaki S, Suzuki M, Suzuki E, Hasumi K. Unsaturated fatty acids enhance the fibrinolytic activity of subtilisin NAT (nattokinase). J Food Biochem. 2020;44:e13326. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13326
  36. Perry SC, Kalyanaraman C, Tourdot BE, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, et al. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 biosynthesis of 7S,14S-diHDHA implicates 15-lipoxygenase-2 in biosynthesis of resolvin D5. J Lipid Res. 2020;61:1087. doi:10.1194/jlr.RA120000777
  37. Akintoye E, Sethi P, Harris WS, Thompson PA, Marchioli R, et al. Fish Oil and Perioperative Bleeding. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11:e004584. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004584
  38. Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, et al. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets. 2019;30:271. doi:10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154
  39. Saber H, Yakoob MY, Shi P, Longstreth WT, Lemaitre RN, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Ischemic Stroke and Its Atherothrombotic and Cardioembolic Subtypes in 3 US Cohorts. Stroke. 2017;48:2678. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018235
  40. Unsworth AJ, Flora GD, Sasikumar P, Bye AP, Sage T, et al. RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37:812. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309207
  41. Elajami TK, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN, et al. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling. FASEB J. 2016;30:2792. doi:10.1096/fj.201500155R
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