We explored a group of 29 patients who were referred to three allergy centers in the UK due to suspected vitamin B12 hypersensitivity (VB12H). Over the period from 2014 to 2022, these patients underwent various tests, including skin prick tests and drug provocation tests. The aim was to understand how vitamin B12 treatment relates to allergies and to develop a reliable method for assessing hypersensitivity.
Among the patients, 62% displayed immediate hypersensitivity reactions, with some experiencing severe anaphylaxis to vitamin B12 forms. Interestingly, we found that some patients who were sensitized to a specific type of vitamin B12 could tolerate another form. This indicates that not all vitamin B12 treatments may cause problems for everyone. However, confirmed cases of VB12H are considered to be quite rare.
Overall, while we identified individual cases where vitamin B12 treatment provoked allergic responses, the evidence suggests that vitamin B12 hypersensitivity is uncommon. This nuances the discussions around vitamin B12 treatment face since adverse reactions are not widespread. Our proposed evaluation protocol includes skin testing and considerations for allergies to related substances, such as polyethylene glycol.
Therefore, while there is an observable connection between vitamin B12 and allergic reactions in a small subset of individuals, the study indicates that treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency remains generally safe for most individuals.
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