Reviewed By
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 15 Researches
7.4
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.2
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Melatonin
5 mg
**
Top Medical Research Studies
9.5
We explored how melatonin-based treatments, particularly agomelatine, can affect headaches, focusing on hypnic headaches (HH). This form of headache typically occurs during sleep, disrupting the rest of those affected. A fascinating case of a 58-year-old woman who experienced these nocturnal headaches for three years demonstrated the potential benefits of agomelatine.
After being prescribed 25 mg of agomelatine at bedtime, she reported an impressive 80% reduction in headache frequency and severity within a month. Remarkably, her headaches completely resolved after three months, allowing her to discontinue the medication.
This case highlights the importance of exploring prophylactic treatments aimed at reducing nighttime awakenings caused by HH. Given the significant impact these headaches can have on sleep quality in older populations, treatments that target melatonin receptors could offer a promising avenue for relieving this condition.
After being prescribed 25 mg of agomelatine at bedtime, she reported an impressive 80% reduction in headache frequency and severity within a month. Remarkably, her headaches completely resolved after three months, allowing her to discontinue the medication.
This case highlights the importance of exploring prophylactic treatments aimed at reducing nighttime awakenings caused by HH. Given the significant impact these headaches can have on sleep quality in older populations, treatments that target melatonin receptors could offer a promising avenue for relieving this condition.
Read More
8
We explored melatonin's role in preventing migraines through a comprehensive review of randomized control trials. Our research involved analyzing data from several studies, focusing on how effective melatonin can be compared to standard treatments and placebo.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
Read More
8
Agomelatine effectively reduces migraines
We conducted a parallel, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of agomelatine, a melatonin antagonist, in managing episodic migraine without aura. In total, 400 patients were assessed, and from those, 100 met our inclusion criteria. These participants, aged between 18 and 60, had not previously received preventive migraine treatment and were free of specific medications for other conditions.
After random assignment, one group received 25 mg of agomelatine daily, while the control group received a placebo. Over three months, we measured the impact of agomelatine on the frequency and severity of migraine attacks using monthly migraine days and migraine disability assessments as key indicators. By the end of the study, we found that agomelatine was indeed effective in reducing migraine frequency and severity.
This promising outcome suggests that agomelatine could serve as a viable option for migraine prevention. We propose further research comparing it with other preventive medications to strengthen our findings and enhance treatment options for those suffering from migraines.
After random assignment, one group received 25 mg of agomelatine daily, while the control group received a placebo. Over three months, we measured the impact of agomelatine on the frequency and severity of migraine attacks using monthly migraine days and migraine disability assessments as key indicators. By the end of the study, we found that agomelatine was indeed effective in reducing migraine frequency and severity.
This promising outcome suggests that agomelatine could serve as a viable option for migraine prevention. We propose further research comparing it with other preventive medications to strengthen our findings and enhance treatment options for those suffering from migraines.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
No headache experienced
It helps me achieve a better night's sleep, particularly when I struggle to drift off. Fortunately, I do not experience a headache the following day.
Read More
10
No headaches after use
It works like a charm. I have no headaches afterwards. However, I don't use it for insomnia; I only take it when I need to fall asleep earlier than usual.
Read More
9
Headaches avoided
Excellent! This is my preferred melatonin. The 5mg dose is perfect for helping me sleep without feeling unwell during the day, such as suffering from headaches, and it’s very reasonably priced. Everyone at home uses and endorses it.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 15 Researches
7.4
- All Researches
9.5
We explored how melatonin-based treatments, particularly agomelatine, can affect headaches, focusing on hypnic headaches (HH). This form of headache typically occurs during sleep, disrupting the rest of those affected. A fascinating case of a 58-year-old woman who experienced these nocturnal headaches for three years demonstrated the potential benefits of agomelatine.
After being prescribed 25 mg of agomelatine at bedtime, she reported an impressive 80% reduction in headache frequency and severity within a month. Remarkably, her headaches completely resolved after three months, allowing her to discontinue the medication.
This case highlights the importance of exploring prophylactic treatments aimed at reducing nighttime awakenings caused by HH. Given the significant impact these headaches can have on sleep quality in older populations, treatments that target melatonin receptors could offer a promising avenue for relieving this condition.
After being prescribed 25 mg of agomelatine at bedtime, she reported an impressive 80% reduction in headache frequency and severity within a month. Remarkably, her headaches completely resolved after three months, allowing her to discontinue the medication.
This case highlights the importance of exploring prophylactic treatments aimed at reducing nighttime awakenings caused by HH. Given the significant impact these headaches can have on sleep quality in older populations, treatments that target melatonin receptors could offer a promising avenue for relieving this condition.
Read More
9
We set out to understand how melatonin might help alleviate headaches in children suffering from migraines without sleep disorders. In our study, we worked with fifty-five children aged 5 to 15 years, dividing them into two groups for a three-month treatment period.
One group received propranolol, a standard migraine medication, while the other group combined propranolol with melatonin. We visited the children before treatment, as well as one and three months afterward, to gather and assess their progress.
Our findings revealed that the combination of melatonin with propranolol led to a notable decrease in the frequency of headache attacks among the children receiving the added melatonin. In fact, three months after starting treatment, we observed a significant improvement in response rates and overall satisfaction among parents in the intervention group compared to those only on propranolol.
However, we did not find any significant difference in the intensity of headaches' impact on daily life between the two groups. Thankfully, the treatment was well-tolerated with no major side effects reported.
Overall, our research suggests that adding melatonin could be a beneficial strategy for reducing headache frequency in children with migraines without sleep issues, while also enhancing treatment satisfaction.
One group received propranolol, a standard migraine medication, while the other group combined propranolol with melatonin. We visited the children before treatment, as well as one and three months afterward, to gather and assess their progress.
Our findings revealed that the combination of melatonin with propranolol led to a notable decrease in the frequency of headache attacks among the children receiving the added melatonin. In fact, three months after starting treatment, we observed a significant improvement in response rates and overall satisfaction among parents in the intervention group compared to those only on propranolol.
However, we did not find any significant difference in the intensity of headaches' impact on daily life between the two groups. Thankfully, the treatment was well-tolerated with no major side effects reported.
Overall, our research suggests that adding melatonin could be a beneficial strategy for reducing headache frequency in children with migraines without sleep issues, while also enhancing treatment satisfaction.
Read More
9
Melatonin shows promise for migraines
We conducted a clinical trial to investigate whether melatonin can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. In this study, 60 patients suffering from episodic migraines were divided into two groups. One group received 3 mg of melatonin, while the other group received a placebo, both alongside a standard treatment of propranolol for two months.
Over the course of the study, we monitored several factors related to migraines, including the frequency and duration of attacks, the severity of pain, the number of pain relievers used, and overall quality of sleep. Our results showed promising outcomes for those taking melatonin. Specifically, we found that the group receiving melatonin experienced a significant drop in the frequency and duration of their migraine attacks compared to the placebo group. Notably, the effectiveness of melatonin in decreasing the need for analgesics and improving scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was also evident.
While the severity of attacks did not differ greatly between the two groups, the side effects observed were minimal and comparable in both groups. This leads us to believe that melatonin could be a safe and effective option for preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.
Over the course of the study, we monitored several factors related to migraines, including the frequency and duration of attacks, the severity of pain, the number of pain relievers used, and overall quality of sleep. Our results showed promising outcomes for those taking melatonin. Specifically, we found that the group receiving melatonin experienced a significant drop in the frequency and duration of their migraine attacks compared to the placebo group. Notably, the effectiveness of melatonin in decreasing the need for analgesics and improving scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was also evident.
While the severity of attacks did not differ greatly between the two groups, the side effects observed were minimal and comparable in both groups. This leads us to believe that melatonin could be a safe and effective option for preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.
Read More
8
We explored treatment alternatives for paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua in patients who cannot tolerate indomethacin, a medication typically effective for these conditions. Recent findings have shown that melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone known for regulating sleep, also holds promise for alleviating headaches related to these disorders.
In studies conducted over the past 18 months, melatonin has been effectively used for managing hemicrania continua and is now suggested to be beneficial for paroxysmal hemicrania as well. This is significant since many patients experience side effects from indomethacin, including gastrointestinal issues and neuropsychiatric reactions.
We also noted the potential of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation as a promising nonpharmacological option, which may help reduce the need for indomethacin while providing symptom relief. While alternative medications such as acemethacin and selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown some effectiveness, the research remains limited and calls for further investigation to establish more conclusive treatment guidelines.
Overall, while melatonin appears to be a helpful option, additional studies are necessary to better understand its role in headache management and develop reliable treatment protocols for those unable to take indomethacin.
In studies conducted over the past 18 months, melatonin has been effectively used for managing hemicrania continua and is now suggested to be beneficial for paroxysmal hemicrania as well. This is significant since many patients experience side effects from indomethacin, including gastrointestinal issues and neuropsychiatric reactions.
We also noted the potential of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation as a promising nonpharmacological option, which may help reduce the need for indomethacin while providing symptom relief. While alternative medications such as acemethacin and selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown some effectiveness, the research remains limited and calls for further investigation to establish more conclusive treatment guidelines.
Overall, while melatonin appears to be a helpful option, additional studies are necessary to better understand its role in headache management and develop reliable treatment protocols for those unable to take indomethacin.
Read More
8
We explored melatonin's role in preventing migraines through a comprehensive review of randomized control trials. Our research involved analyzing data from several studies, focusing on how effective melatonin can be compared to standard treatments and placebo.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.2
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
10
No headache experienced
It helps me achieve a better night's sleep, particularly when I struggle to drift off. Fortunately, I do not experience a headache the following day.
Read More
10
No headaches after use
It works like a charm. I have no headaches afterwards. However, I don't use it for insomnia; I only take it when I need to fall asleep earlier than usual.
Read More
9
Headaches avoided
Excellent! This is my preferred melatonin. The 5mg dose is perfect for helping me sleep without feeling unwell during the day, such as suffering from headaches, and it’s very reasonably priced. Everyone at home uses and endorses it.
Read More
0
Headache noted
Helps me sleep but results in a headache.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
10
No headaches after use
It works like a charm. I have no headaches afterwards. However, I don't use it for insomnia; I only take it when I need to fall asleep earlier than usual.
10
No headache experienced
It helps me achieve a better night's sleep, particularly when I struggle to drift off. Fortunately, I do not experience a headache the following day.
0
Headache noted
Helps me sleep but results in a headache.
9
Headaches avoided
Excellent! This is my preferred melatonin. The 5mg dose is perfect for helping me sleep without feeling unwell during the day, such as suffering from headaches, and it’s very reasonably priced. Everyone at home uses and endorses it.
8
We explored melatonin's role in preventing migraines through a comprehensive review of randomized control trials. Our research involved analyzing data from several studies, focusing on how effective melatonin can be compared to standard treatments and placebo.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
The systematic review included seven trials and over 1,200 participants, all diagnosed with migraines. Participants received either melatonin or agomelatine, and outcomes were measured against those receiving conventional migraine prevention methods.
From the analyzed studies, we observed that melatonin appears to significantly reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, there is still some debate about the specifics of its dose-dependent effects. Interestingly, melatonin may also play a role in weight management, indicating further research could be beneficial in this area.
Overall, the potential of melatonin as an alternative or adjunct therapy for headache prevention seems promising. Yet, we recognize that more extensive studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and optimal usage.
8
We explored treatment alternatives for paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua in patients who cannot tolerate indomethacin, a medication typically effective for these conditions. Recent findings have shown that melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone known for regulating sleep, also holds promise for alleviating headaches related to these disorders.
In studies conducted over the past 18 months, melatonin has been effectively used for managing hemicrania continua and is now suggested to be beneficial for paroxysmal hemicrania as well. This is significant since many patients experience side effects from indomethacin, including gastrointestinal issues and neuropsychiatric reactions.
We also noted the potential of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation as a promising nonpharmacological option, which may help reduce the need for indomethacin while providing symptom relief. While alternative medications such as acemethacin and selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown some effectiveness, the research remains limited and calls for further investigation to establish more conclusive treatment guidelines.
Overall, while melatonin appears to be a helpful option, additional studies are necessary to better understand its role in headache management and develop reliable treatment protocols for those unable to take indomethacin.
In studies conducted over the past 18 months, melatonin has been effectively used for managing hemicrania continua and is now suggested to be beneficial for paroxysmal hemicrania as well. This is significant since many patients experience side effects from indomethacin, including gastrointestinal issues and neuropsychiatric reactions.
We also noted the potential of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation as a promising nonpharmacological option, which may help reduce the need for indomethacin while providing symptom relief. While alternative medications such as acemethacin and selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown some effectiveness, the research remains limited and calls for further investigation to establish more conclusive treatment guidelines.
Overall, while melatonin appears to be a helpful option, additional studies are necessary to better understand its role in headache management and develop reliable treatment protocols for those unable to take indomethacin.
7
Melatonin efficacy in headache treatment
We explored the impact of melatonin as a treatment for two types of primary headache disorders known as hemicrania continua (HC) and paroxysmal hemicrania (PH). These conditions are characterized by severe, recurrent headaches and are typically treated with a drug called indomethacin, which not everyone can tolerate due to its side effects.
Our analysis involved reviewing clinical records from patients at King's College Hospital in London, focusing on those treated with melatonin. What we found was intriguing—while melatonin demonstrated some effectiveness in managing the symptoms of both HC and PH, it did not match the heightened responsiveness that indomethacin offers.
Nonetheless, one of the clear advantages of melatonin is its favorable side effect profile. For patients seeking options when they cannot tolerate indomethacin, melatonin presents a valuable alternative that can provide meaningful relief.
Overall, our findings suggest that melatonin could be a beneficial option for those suffering from chronic headaches, particularly for those who struggle with indomethacin or other traditional treatments.
Our analysis involved reviewing clinical records from patients at King's College Hospital in London, focusing on those treated with melatonin. What we found was intriguing—while melatonin demonstrated some effectiveness in managing the symptoms of both HC and PH, it did not match the heightened responsiveness that indomethacin offers.
Nonetheless, one of the clear advantages of melatonin is its favorable side effect profile. For patients seeking options when they cannot tolerate indomethacin, melatonin presents a valuable alternative that can provide meaningful relief.
Overall, our findings suggest that melatonin could be a beneficial option for those suffering from chronic headaches, particularly for those who struggle with indomethacin or other traditional treatments.
9
We set out to understand how melatonin might help alleviate headaches in children suffering from migraines without sleep disorders. In our study, we worked with fifty-five children aged 5 to 15 years, dividing them into two groups for a three-month treatment period.
One group received propranolol, a standard migraine medication, while the other group combined propranolol with melatonin. We visited the children before treatment, as well as one and three months afterward, to gather and assess their progress.
Our findings revealed that the combination of melatonin with propranolol led to a notable decrease in the frequency of headache attacks among the children receiving the added melatonin. In fact, three months after starting treatment, we observed a significant improvement in response rates and overall satisfaction among parents in the intervention group compared to those only on propranolol.
However, we did not find any significant difference in the intensity of headaches' impact on daily life between the two groups. Thankfully, the treatment was well-tolerated with no major side effects reported.
Overall, our research suggests that adding melatonin could be a beneficial strategy for reducing headache frequency in children with migraines without sleep issues, while also enhancing treatment satisfaction.
One group received propranolol, a standard migraine medication, while the other group combined propranolol with melatonin. We visited the children before treatment, as well as one and three months afterward, to gather and assess their progress.
Our findings revealed that the combination of melatonin with propranolol led to a notable decrease in the frequency of headache attacks among the children receiving the added melatonin. In fact, three months after starting treatment, we observed a significant improvement in response rates and overall satisfaction among parents in the intervention group compared to those only on propranolol.
However, we did not find any significant difference in the intensity of headaches' impact on daily life between the two groups. Thankfully, the treatment was well-tolerated with no major side effects reported.
Overall, our research suggests that adding melatonin could be a beneficial strategy for reducing headache frequency in children with migraines without sleep issues, while also enhancing treatment satisfaction.
9
Melatonin shows promise for migraines
We conducted a clinical trial to investigate whether melatonin can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. In this study, 60 patients suffering from episodic migraines were divided into two groups. One group received 3 mg of melatonin, while the other group received a placebo, both alongside a standard treatment of propranolol for two months.
Over the course of the study, we monitored several factors related to migraines, including the frequency and duration of attacks, the severity of pain, the number of pain relievers used, and overall quality of sleep. Our results showed promising outcomes for those taking melatonin. Specifically, we found that the group receiving melatonin experienced a significant drop in the frequency and duration of their migraine attacks compared to the placebo group. Notably, the effectiveness of melatonin in decreasing the need for analgesics and improving scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was also evident.
While the severity of attacks did not differ greatly between the two groups, the side effects observed were minimal and comparable in both groups. This leads us to believe that melatonin could be a safe and effective option for preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.
Over the course of the study, we monitored several factors related to migraines, including the frequency and duration of attacks, the severity of pain, the number of pain relievers used, and overall quality of sleep. Our results showed promising outcomes for those taking melatonin. Specifically, we found that the group receiving melatonin experienced a significant drop in the frequency and duration of their migraine attacks compared to the placebo group. Notably, the effectiveness of melatonin in decreasing the need for analgesics and improving scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was also evident.
While the severity of attacks did not differ greatly between the two groups, the side effects observed were minimal and comparable in both groups. This leads us to believe that melatonin could be a safe and effective option for preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.
References
- Osiowski A, Stolarz K, Taterra D. How can you manage an indomethacin-responsive headache in someone who cannot take indomethacin?. Curr Opin Neurol. 2025. 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001347
- Nelakuditi B, Dandamudi BJ, Dimaano KAM, Shah N, AlQassab O, et al. Efficacy of Melatonin as a Promising Intervention for Migraine Prevention: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. Cureus. 2024;16:e72559. 10.7759/cureus.72559
- Togha M, Noormohammadi M, Ghorbani Z, Karimzadeh F, Bathaie SZ. Serum melatonin levels and in a sample of Iranian patients with migraine. Sci Rep. 2024;14:22883. 10.1038/s41598-024-73278-y
- Fayyazi A, Abbasian P, Hosseini SMS, Mohammadi Y, Bazmamoum H. Efficacy of Melatonin Administration in Reducing Headaches in Children with Migraines without Sleep Disorders. Iran J Child Neurol. 2024;18:57. 10.22037/ijcn.v18i3.42197
- Mehramiri A, Shalilahmadi D, Mohamadianinejad SE, Kouti L, Hosseinpour Y. The Effect of Melatonin on Reducing the Frequency and Severity of Migraine Attacks: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Med Sci. 2024;49:313. 10.30476/ijms.2023.97782.2965
- Cheung SN, Oliveira R, Goadsby PJ. Melatonin in hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania. Cephalalgia. 2024;44:3331024231226196. 10.1177/03331024231226196
- Farzin K, Kheiltash A, Tafakhori A, Nakhjiri NE, Sabet MS, et al. The effectiveness of agomelatine on headache severity and frequency in episodic migraine without aura; a parallel randomized controlled trial study. BMC Neurol. 2024;24:2. 10.1186/s12883-023-03516-9
- Tao H, Wan Q, Sun M, Cai K, Song Y, et al. Involvement of Plasma Melatonin in Medication-Overuse Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2024;47:12. 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000573
- Gelfand AA, Allen IE, Grimes B, Irwin S, Qubty W, et al. Melatonin for migraine prevention in children and adolescents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial after single-blind placebo lead-in. Headache. 2023;63:1314. 10.1111/head.14600
- Xu SY, Li L, Sun WX, Shen JY, Li CX. Case report: Hypnic headache responds to agomelatine-a potential prophylactic treatment option. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1179391. 10.3389/fneur.2023.1179391
- Fayyazi A, Abdollahi A, Moradi A, Bazmamoun H. Administration in Efficacy of Melatonin Reducing Headaches in Children With Migraines and Sleep Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Iran J Child Neurol. 2022;16:55. 10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.37918
- Puliappadamb HM, Maiti R, Mishra A, Jena M, Mishra BR. Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as Prophylaxis for Migraine in Adults: A Meta-analysis. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2022;36:207–219. 10.11607/ofph.3211
- Zduńska A, Cegielska J, Domitrz I. The Pathogenetic Role of Melatonin in Migraine and Its Theoretic Implications for Pharmacotherapy: A Brief Overview of the Research. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14163335
- Moreno-Ajona D, Hoffmann J. From basic mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives in cluster headache. Curr Opin Neurol. 2022;35:336. 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001055
- Hvingelby V, Tsigka E, Jensen RH, Hylin S, Mathiesen T. Natural Progression of Pineal Cysts in Relation to Headache: A Prospective Observational Study. Eur J Neurol. 2025;32:e70120. 10.1111/ene.70120
