We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could influence allergic reactions, particularly through its metabolite known as 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE). This metabolite is recognized for its strong anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Our findings highlighted that 17,18-EpETE can alleviate skin contact hypersensitivity, a common allergic response. Notably, this effect was not shared by its enantiomer, 17(),18()-EpETE, indicating that the specific form of the metabolite makes a significant difference in efficacy.
We discovered that a specific enzyme, cytochrome P450 BM-3, was effective in converting EPA into the beneficial 17,18-EpETE. This conversion served to inhibit neutrophil migration, a key component of allergic reactions, through a mechanism involving G protein-coupled receptor 40.
These results suggest that utilizing this bacterial enzyme may pave the way for producing this important lipid mediator in larger quantities, which could be advantageous for developing new allergy treatments. Overall, our research underscores the potential of EPA in addressing allergic conditions and contributes to the growing understanding of how dietary components can affect health.