Overview
Top Medical Research Studies
Additionally, it’s important to note that in the larger context of herbal remedies, there isn’t enough comprehensive evidence to fully endorse elderberry as a reliable treatment. Though the studies indicated some level of efficacy against the flu, the small number of participants means we must approach these results with caution.
Given that substantial evidence of safety and effectiveness is lacking, it wouldn't be prudent to rely solely on elderberry for influenza treatment, especially among vulnerable groups like pregnant women.
The results were promising, as the elderberry extract showed significant activity against both bacterial pathogens and influenza viruses. By employing techniques like bacterial growth experiments and cell culture assays, we confirmed that the extract can inhibit the propagation of these pathogens effectively. This suggests that elderberry might serve as a useful option for enhancing our defenses against respiratory infections.
Overall, our investigation indicated that incorporating elderberry as a natural product could potentially offer more avenues to explore in the fight against infections, especially during flu season or in the presence of super-infections that are common with influenza cases.
The findings revealed that the water extract and its polysaccharide fractions significantly promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, which play a vital role in activating T cells. In fact, these matured dendritic cells showed a much higher capacity to stimulate T cells compared to the untreated cells. Conversely, the ethanol extract did not lead to any notable stimulation of T cells.
We also observed that the presence of elderberry extracts increased the release of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, indicating a robust immune response. Overall, our research suggests that the polysaccharides sourced from elderberry may be beneficial for developing strong immune responses, particularly against viral infections like influenza.
Most Useful Reviews
Medical Researches
- All Researches
The findings revealed that the water extract and its polysaccharide fractions significantly promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, which play a vital role in activating T cells. In fact, these matured dendritic cells showed a much higher capacity to stimulate T cells compared to the untreated cells. Conversely, the ethanol extract did not lead to any notable stimulation of T cells.
We also observed that the presence of elderberry extracts increased the release of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, indicating a robust immune response. Overall, our research suggests that the polysaccharides sourced from elderberry may be beneficial for developing strong immune responses, particularly against viral infections like influenza.
What we found was quite promising: elderberry seems to significantly reduce upper respiratory symptoms, showcasing a large mean effect size in our analysis. This could point towards a valuable alternative for those suffering from cold and flu symptoms.
However, it is essential to note that while elderberry appears to be effective in reducing these symptoms, our study did not isolate its effects specifically on influenza. This means that while there’s potential, we can’t make conclusive claims regarding its impact on influenza over other upper respiratory issues.
Overall, these findings invite a closer look at elderberry as a possible safe and effective option for managing respiratory health, especially for those looking to avoid antibiotics and prescription medications.
Most participants reported significant improvements in their symptoms, such as reduced fever, headaches, nasal congestion, and runny noses within just a couple of days of starting treatment. On average, people felt around 50% better after 2 to 4 days. However, it’s important to note that while elderberry shows promise, the research does not support its use for preventing or treating COVID-19.
We also found that the adverse effects of using elderberry were rare and no serious events were reported, which is encouraging. However, the impact of elderberry on symptoms like cough and the need for other medications is less clear and needs further investigation.
It's noteworthy that the existing studies primarily involved adults and short-term use of elderberry. More research is needed, especially in different populations and in exploring elderberry's effects on COVID-19.
Additionally, it’s important to note that in the larger context of herbal remedies, there isn’t enough comprehensive evidence to fully endorse elderberry as a reliable treatment. Though the studies indicated some level of efficacy against the flu, the small number of participants means we must approach these results with caution.
Given that substantial evidence of safety and effectiveness is lacking, it wouldn't be prudent to rely solely on elderberry for influenza treatment, especially among vulnerable groups like pregnant women.
By utilizing advanced techniques like mass spectrometry and molecular docking, we observed that cyanidin-3-sambubiocide binds to a specific site in the neuraminidase structure. This binding occurs in an area distinct from two known resistance points, which might make this anthocyanin a strong contender for overcoming specific viral resistance. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanics at play, revealing this compound's unique ability to interfere with the influenza virus without falling prey to common resistance mechanisms.
Overall, this research represents an exciting step forward in our understanding of how natural compounds can potentially aid in battling the influenza virus. The promising results suggest that further development could lead to effective antiviral options leveraging the power of elderberry.
User Reviews
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
Frequently Asked Questions
Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. Caused by influenza viruses, it can lead to mild to severe illness and can result in hospitalization or even death, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with certain health conditions. Symptoms typically include fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, headaches, and fatigue. It's important to note that while many people refer to common colds as the flu, the flu is generally more severe and lasts longer.
Preventing influenza is possible through vaccination, which is recommended annually as the viruses can change from year to year. Other preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, such as regular hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. If someone does contract the flu, antiviral medications may be prescribed by a healthcare provider, particularly if the treatment begins within the first few days of illness. Understanding the nature of influenza and the importance of preventive measures can help individuals protect themselves and their communities during flu season.
Elderberry (Sambucus) refers to a genus of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae, comprising several species known for their small berries and traditional medicinal uses. The most commonly recognized species is the European elder, Sambucus nigra, which has been utilized in folk medicine for centuries due to its rich nutrient profile, including antioxidants, vitamins A and C, and dietary fiber. Elderberries are typically fragrant clusters of small, dark purple to black berries that are used in a variety of culinary applications, such as jams, syrups, and wine.
In recent years, elderberry has gained popularity for its potential health benefits, particularly for supporting immune health. Many people consume elderberry supplements or syrups to help alleviate symptoms of colds and flu, with some studies suggesting they may reduce the duration and severity of viral infections. However, it’s important to note that raw elderberries, as well as other parts of the elderberry plant, can be toxic if consumed in large amounts. Therefore, it's recommended to use elderberry products that are properly processed and prepared to ensure safety and efficacy.
Research suggests that elderberry (Sambucus) may help alleviate symptoms of influenza. Several studies have indicated that elderberry extract can reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms. For instance, a 2019 study published in the journal "Nutrients" highlighted that elderberry could help boost the immune response against the flu virus, while another study indicated that elderberry was effective in reducing the severity of symptoms when taken promptly after the onset of flu symptoms.
While elderberry is generally considered safe and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using it as a treatment. It should not replace conventional antiviral medications or treatments for influenza but can be considered as a complementary approach. Ultimately, while elderberry may provide some benefit against influenza, relying solely on it without proper medical advice is not recommended.
Based on user reviews, the onset of benefits from taking black elderberry for influenza varies among individuals. Many users report experiencing noticeable improvements in their symptoms within a short time frame, often just within a day of taking the supplement. For instance, one user highlighted that their symptoms improved significantly within a day of use during a cold (Read Review). Another noted feeling better shortly after starting the supplement during their illness (Read Review).
Several reviews also suggest that while immediate relief might be experienced, cumulative benefits can be observed with ongoing use. One user indicated that after two months of use, they noticed enduring positive effects, reducing the incidence and severity of illnesses compared to peers (Read Review). However, some users recommend starting the supplement before flu season, reporting noticeable effects after a week of regular use (Read Review). Therefore, while individual experiences may differ, many users can expect to see benefits from black elderberry within a day to a week.
The scientific research on elderberry as a supplement for influenza presents a mixed picture. Some studies indicate that elderberry may help alleviate the duration and severity of flu symptoms, showing benefits in immune response by enhancing the activation of T cells and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines [1]. A systematic review of clinical trials indicated that while elderberry could reduce cold symptoms, evidence specifically relating to influenza was less certain, suggesting its potential to shorten flu duration but lacking robust confirmatory data [2].
However, not all studies support elderberry's efficacy against influenza. A randomized double-blind trial found no significant improvement in symptoms for influenza patients using elderberry compared to a placebo, even suggesting longer recovery times for those using elderberry [3]. Moreover, while some research highlighted the antiviral properties of elderberry compounds against influenza viruses, results from animal studies and the variability of outcomes across different studies suggest that more comprehensive research is needed [9], [7]. Thus, while elderberry shows some promise, it is wise to approach its use as a treatment for influenza with caution until more definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report substantial improvements in their symptoms when using black elderberry, particularly for cold and flu-related ailments. Users have noted that their symptoms, such as cough and fever, significantly improved often within a short period after starting the supplement. For example, one user reported feeling less pain in their cough almost immediately, while others indicated that they experienced noticeable symptom relief after just one day of taking black elderberry during a cold (Read Review), (Read Review).
Moreover, some users have highlighted cumulative benefits from ongoing usage. One individual noted that after two months, they faced fewer and less severe illnesses compared to their peers, while another shared that they felt a marked improvement after about a week of consistent use leading up to flu season (Read Review). Overall, while individual experiences may vary, many users seem to agree that incorporating black elderberry can lead to both immediate and long-term enhancements in immune response and relief from influenza symptoms.
Users have shared their experiences regarding the combination of black elderberry with other supplements to manage influenza. Many recommend pairing black elderberry with vitamin C to enhance its immune-boosting effects. One user specifically noted that combining elderberry with vitamin C acts as a potent remedy at the first signs of cold symptoms (Read Review). Others pointed out that a comprehensive approach, including adequate hydration alongside black elderberry, may further amplify its effectiveness during both prevention and treatment stages (Read Review).
Additionally, users have found black elderberry's antioxidant properties to be beneficial in conjunction with other traditional remedies and supplements. One reviewer mentioned that it has been a go-to option for treating seasonal colds and found its blend with ascorbic acid particularly helpful against influenza (Read Review). Overall, while experiences vary, many users enthusiastically support the beneficial synergy that black elderberry can maintain when combined with other immune-supportive supplements.
Based on user reviews, there is a general consensus on the efficacy of elderberry for treating influenza, particularly in terms of its dosage and timing for optimal results. Many users suggest taking two capsules daily as a preventative measure, while others have reported significant improvements in symptoms after taking elderberry once they are already ill. For instance, one user noted that their recovery was noticeably faster when they began taking elderberry during their cold, showing improvement within just a day ((Read Review)). Additionally, users have experienced cumulative benefits after prolonged use, with measurable immune support noticed after weeks of taking elderberry regularly ((Read Review)).
The findings revealed that the water extract and its polysaccharide fractions significantly promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, which play a vital role in activating T cells. In fact, these matured dendritic cells showed a much higher capacity to stimulate T cells compared to the untreated cells. Conversely, the ethanol extract did not lead to any notable stimulation of T cells.
We also observed that the presence of elderberry extracts increased the release of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, indicating a robust immune response. Overall, our research suggests that the polysaccharides sourced from elderberry may be beneficial for developing strong immune responses, particularly against viral infections like influenza.
After reviewing 1187 records, we included five randomized trials. Overall, our findings suggest that while elderberry may not significantly reduce the likelihood of catching the common cold, it shows potential in reducing the duration and severity of colds. The evidence around influenza was also somewhat uncertain but hinted that elderberry could help shorten the duration of the illness.
Interestingly, compared to the antiviral medication oseltamivir, some elderberry products appeared to present a lower risk of complications and adverse events associated with influenza. However, we did not find strong evidence linking elderberry consumption to measurable clinical outcomes related to inflammation, although some studies noted effects on inflammatory markers, which may decrease with continuous use.
In conclusion, elderberry appears to be a relatively safe option for treating viral respiratory illnesses, but more definitive research is essential to clarify its benefits and potential risks.
Participants received either elderberry extract or a placebo. Younger patients took elderberry twice a day, while older patients took it four times a day for five days. They also had the option to use oseltamivir, a common antiviral medication.
Unfortunately, our findings indicated that elderberry did not significantly improve the influenza symptoms compared to the placebo. Interestingly, a post hoc analysis suggested that patients only using elderberry experienced a two-day longer recovery time than those on placebo alone. This outcome contradicts previous studies and highlights the need for more research on elderberry’s effectiveness in treating influenza.
Our findings revealed that CJ-E had a fairly strong impact on reducing the effects of the virus in the infected mice, though its effectiveness appeared weaker in laboratory cell cultures. This suggests that while elderberry juice shows potential, its antiviral activity might vary in different settings.
After processing the juice through methods like ultrafiltration and anion-exchange chromatography, we isolated various fractions of CJ-E. We discovered that the high-molecular-weight fractions, in particular, helped suppress viral replication in fluids from the lungs of the infected mice. These fractions also boosted levels of important antibodies in the blood and enhanced immunoglobulin A in other bodily fluids.
Notably, one fraction, Fr. II, which contained acidic polysaccharides, showed a particularly strong defense against influenza infection. Overall, our study suggests that elderberry juice can stimulate the immune response and may help prevent viral infections, making it a noteworthy option for boosting health during flu season.
Additionally, it’s important to note that in the larger context of herbal remedies, there isn’t enough comprehensive evidence to fully endorse elderberry as a reliable treatment. Though the studies indicated some level of efficacy against the flu, the small number of participants means we must approach these results with caution.
Given that substantial evidence of safety and effectiveness is lacking, it wouldn't be prudent to rely solely on elderberry for influenza treatment, especially among vulnerable groups like pregnant women.
References
- Stich L, Plattner S, McDougall G, Austin C, Steinkasserer A. Polysaccharides from European Black Elderberry Extract Enhance Dendritic Cell Mediated T Cell Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23. doi:10.3390/ijms23073949
- Wieland LS, Piechotta V, Feinberg T, Ludeman E, Hutton B, et al. Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21:112. doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03283-5
- Macknin M, Wolski K, Negrey J, Mace S. Elderberry Extract Outpatient Influenza Treatment for Emergency Room Patients Ages 5 and Above: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35:3271. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06170-w
- Harnett J, Oakes K, Carè J, Leach M, Brown D, et al. The effects of berry on acute respiratory viral infections: A rapid review of clinical studies. Adv Integr Med. 2020;7:240. doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2020.08.001
- Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne E. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:361. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004
- Shahsavandi S, Ebrahimi MM, Hasaninejad Farahani A. Interfering With Lipid Raft Association: A Mechanism to Control Influenza Virus Infection By . Iran J Pharm Res. 2017;16:1147.
- Holst L, Havnen GC, Nordeng H. Echinacea and elderberry-should they be used against upper respiratory tract infections during pregnancy?. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:31. doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00031
- Swaminathan K, Dyason JC, Maggioni A, von Itzstein M, Downard KM. Binding of a natural anthocyanin inhibitor to influenza neuraminidase by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013;405:6563. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7068-x
- Kinoshita E, Hayashi K, Katayama H, Hayashi T, Obata A. Anti-influenza virus effects of elderberry juice and its fractions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76:1633.
- Smee DF, Hurst BL, Wong MH. Effects of TheraMax on influenza virus infections in cell culture and in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2011;21:231. doi:10.3851/IMP1744
- Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M, Imirzalioglu C, Domann E, et al. Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:16. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-16
