We explored the effects of elderberry fruit extract on obesity-related issues such as oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The study focused on how this extract interacts with hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes—fat cells that have expanded due to excessive fat—and activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, which are immune cells that can contribute to inflammation.
After treatment with elderberry extract, we observed a notable reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species, which are harmful molecules often elevated in conditions like obesity. Additionally, the extract helped adjust levels of important signaling molecules—specifically, it reduced the production of leptin, a hormone linked to weight gain, while boosting adiponectin, which supports fat metabolism.
We also noted that elderberry extract improved glucose uptake in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant adipocytes, indicating potential benefits for those struggling with blood sugar management. Moreover, it showed promise in reducing inflammation by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and inflammatory molecules, which play a role in obesity-related complications.
Lastly, we found that the extract could inhibit certain digestive enzymes, potentially leading to less absorption of dietary fats and carbohydrates. Together, these findings suggest that elderberry extract may be a valuable addition to strategies aimed at preventing and treating obesity and related metabolic conditions.