We explored whether zinc supplements could help prevent otitis media, which is a common ear infection affecting many, especially young children. Our examination included several randomized, placebo-controlled trials where participants received zinc supplements at least once a week for a minimum of a month.
In total, we identified 12 trials, but only 10 provided sufficient data for analysis. Among healthy children from low-income communities, most studies did not show a clear benefit of zinc on reducing ear infections. However, one trial with over 1600 participants did find a significantly lower incidence of otitis media in those taking zinc, suggesting that it might help. Additionally, a small study focusing on infants with severe malnutrition hinted at potential benefits, yet it is important to note this was based on limited data.
Overall, the evidence isn't definitive—while some results point towards positive effects, particularly in specific groups, many trials did not support the effectiveness of zinc in healthy children. Furthermore, zinc supplements appeared safe, with minimal reports of adverse effects.
We analyzed the effectiveness of zinc supplements in preventing otitis media, or middle ear infections, through a detailed examination of various studies. The focus was on randomised, placebo-controlled trials where zinc was administered at least once a week for a month or more.
A total of 12 trials were evaluated, involving over 6,800 participants. While most studies, particularly those involving healthy children in low-income areas, showed no significant difference in the occurrence of ear infections between zinc and placebo groups, one trial did indicate a noteworthy reduction in the rate of otitis media among children receiving zinc supplements.
Additionally, a small trial involving infants suffering from severe malnutrition suggested that zinc may help decrease the number of ear infection episodes. However, the evidence remains mixed, especially for healthy children under five in lower income countries. In the end, while zinc supplements did not lead to serious side effects, some participants experienced mild vomiting after taking them.
Overall, while we found some positive indications for specific groups, the mixed results highlight the need for more research before concluding that zinc could be a reliable preventative measure against ear infections.
We examined the potential of zinc supplements to prevent ear infections, specifically otitis media (OM), in various populations. Using a collection of trials, including randomized and placebo-controlled studies, we evaluated the effects of zinc supplementation.
The results showed mixed outcomes, particularly among healthy children living in low-income communities. In two notable studies involving over 3,191 participants, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of OM between those who received zinc and those who were given a placebo. However, one trial with 1,621 children indicated that zinc did lower the rate of OM.
Furthermore, we looked into a smaller trial involving infants suffering from severe malnutrition, which suggested that zinc might help reduce the mean number of OM episodes. While zinc supplements didn’t appear to cause serious side effects, a few children did experience vomiting shortly after taking them.
Overall, the evidence regarding zinc's effectiveness in reducing ear infections, especially among young children in lower-income settings, remains mixed, and we must interpret these findings with caution, especially since the most promising results were from a small study.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Boosts immunity
1 people found this helpful
We regularly take this easily digestible zinc, especially during the cold season. It significantly boosts immunity by increasing interferon production, essential for combating viral infections. This enhances the function of the thymus gland, improving the body’s ability to recognise and neutralise viruses.
Read More
9
Effective prevention
1 people found this helpful
Recently, we have relied on zinc continuously, especially during viral outbreaks. It's effective even against common infections when taken in sufficient doses, enabling us to combat viruses effectively. The product quality is commendable.
Read More
9
Fights inflammation
1 people found this helpful
This zinc is incredibly effective during infections. It acts as an immunomodulator, significantly reducing the frequency of illness. By taking 35 grams at the onset of symptoms, we often either halt or lessen the severity of the illness swiftly.
Single-Center-Single-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Containing Boswellia Serrata, Bromelain, Zinc, Magnesium, Honey, Tyndallized Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Casei to Fight Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Otitis Media.
We conducted a study to examine how a specific nutraceutical, which includes zinc, can support the treatment of ear infections in children. In our trial, 120 children were divided into three groups: a control group that only received standard treatment, and two treatment groups that received both the standard care and the nutraceutical.
The treatment involved the combination of Boswellia serrata, Bromelain, and other ingredients, including zinc, over 20 to 30 days. We used various methods, like otoscopy and auditory tests, to assess the children's health at the start of the study and after treatment.
Our results showed that both treatment groups performed better compared to the control group concerning measures like ear exams and hearing tests after treatment. However, while we observed improvements in the treatment groups, the specific impact of zinc alone could not be clearly determined given that it was part of a larger formula.
The findings highlight the potential of using this nutraceutical blend as a supportive therapy against upper respiratory infections in children, particularly with the inclusion of Boswellia and Bromelain for their anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, we found it challenging to isolate zinc's individual benefit in this context.
Read More
8
Efficacy of herbal compound explored
Efficacy of complex herbal compound of Echinacea angustifolia (Imoviral® Junior) in recurrent upper respiratory tract infections during pediatric age: preliminary results.
We explored the effectiveness of a new herbal compound containing Echinacea angustifolia, along with ingredients like zinc, in treating recurrent upper respiratory infections, particularly ear infections (otitis media), in children. Our study involved 37 pediatric patients who regularly experienced pharyngotonsillitis or otitis media. They were given a treatment combining Echinacea, vitamin C, beta-glucan, and zinc for six months.
We observed a significant reduction in the mean number of inflammatory episodes before and after the treatment— from 3 episodes down to just 1. Moreover, 77% of the children reported a noticeable improvement in the frequency of these episodes, showing that the treatment may positively influence their quality of life. The results were further supported by an improvement in a quality-of-life questionnaire, albeit with the acknowledgment that no isolated effect of zinc was highlighted since it were used with other herbal ingredients.
While our findings suggest that the herbal compound may help alleviate symptoms of recurrent ear infections, it's essential to note that the combined effect of zinc with other ingredients makes it challenging to measure its isolated impact. However, overall, we find that the herbal compound is a promising option for enhancing pediatric health without any reported side effects.
Read More
8
Propolis and zinc reduce ear infections
Effectiveness of a propolis and zinc solution in preventing acute otitis media in children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.
We explored the effectiveness of a propolis and zinc solution in preventing acute otitis media (AOM) among children aged 1 to 5 who have a history of recurrent ear infections. In our study, 122 children were divided into two groups: one received the propolis and zinc suspension along with efforts to remove environmental risks, while the other group received only the environmental changes.
Over a three-month period, we observed that 50.8% of the children given the propolis and zinc suspension developed AOM, compared to 70.5% in the control group. This marked a significant reduction in infections, with the mean number of AOM episodes per child each month decreasing from 0.34 to 0.23.
The results suggest that administering a propolis and zinc solution can considerably lower the risk of new ear infections and the need for related antibiotic treatments, all while ensuring safety and a high rate of parental satisfaction. However, it is worth noting that the study does not imply any benefit of this treatment regarding other respiratory infections beyond AOM.
Read More
7
Zinc's role in ear infections
The effects of oral supplements with Sambucus nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in otitis media with effusion in children: a randomized controlled trial.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of oral supplements, including zinc, on children suffering from ear infections, specifically otitis media with effusion (OME). Our study involved 198 children aged between 12 and 96 months, who were divided into four groups, with one group receiving standard treatment.
The group that received the immune-stimulating oral supplements, which featured zinc, was monitored for improvements in ear health through various measures, such as tympanometry and audiometry. While there was an overall positive trend among those who took the supplements, it’s essential to clarify that the isolated effect of zinc itself on ear infections was not fully determined in our findings.
We concluded that the supplements could enhance overall immune response and potentially reduce inflammation in the ear, thus aiding in better middle ear ventilation. However, the direct impact of zinc remains embedded within a combination of other treatments, making it challenging to specify its individual contribution to treating ear infections.
We analyzed the effectiveness of zinc supplements in preventing otitis media, or middle ear infections, through a detailed examination of various studies. The focus was on randomised, placebo-controlled trials where zinc was administered at least once a week for a month or more.
A total of 12 trials were evaluated, involving over 6,800 participants. While most studies, particularly those involving healthy children in low-income areas, showed no significant difference in the occurrence of ear infections between zinc and placebo groups, one trial did indicate a noteworthy reduction in the rate of otitis media among children receiving zinc supplements.
Additionally, a small trial involving infants suffering from severe malnutrition suggested that zinc may help decrease the number of ear infection episodes. However, the evidence remains mixed, especially for healthy children under five in lower income countries. In the end, while zinc supplements did not lead to serious side effects, some participants experienced mild vomiting after taking them.
Overall, while we found some positive indications for specific groups, the mixed results highlight the need for more research before concluding that zinc could be a reliable preventative measure against ear infections.
We regularly take this easily digestible zinc, especially during the cold season. It significantly boosts immunity by increasing interferon production, essential for combating viral infections. This enhances the function of the thymus gland, improving the body’s ability to recognise and neutralise viruses.
Read More
9
Effective prevention
1 people found this helpful
Recently, we have relied on zinc continuously, especially during viral outbreaks. It's effective even against common infections when taken in sufficient doses, enabling us to combat viruses effectively. The product quality is commendable.
Read More
9
Fights inflammation
1 people found this helpful
This zinc is incredibly effective during infections. It acts as an immunomodulator, significantly reducing the frequency of illness. By taking 35 grams at the onset of symptoms, we often either halt or lessen the severity of the illness swiftly.
Read More
7.5
Speedy recovery
27 people found this helpful
I find zinc indispensable for combating colds and SARS. It effectively helps my body fight viral infections. At the first sign of illness, I take zinc along with vitamin C, which usually prevents the illness from worsening. This combination often allows us to recover in just a few days, protecting my family from transmission.
Read More
7.5
Promotes healing
8 people found this helpful
This form of zinc is vital in combating viral infections, particularly the herpes virus. It strengthens the immune response and accelerates healing. Additionally, it's important for detoxifying the body, removing harmful proteins, and addresses deficiencies linked to various health issues, thus supporting overall health.
An ear infection, also known as otitis media, occurs when germs—such as bacteria or viruses—infect the middle ear, which is the space behind the eardrum. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including ear pain, difficulty hearing, fluid drainage from the ear, fever, and irritability in children. Ear infections are particularly common in children due to their shorter and more horizontal Eustachian tubes, which make it easier for pathogens to reach the middle ear. When the Eustachian tubes become swollen or blocked due to upper respiratory infections, allergies, or sinus infections, fluid can accumulate and lead to an infection.
Treatment typically depends on the severity and frequency of the infections. For mild cases, doctors may recommend observation, as many ear infections resolve on their own. In more severe cases, particularly when symptoms last longer than 48 hours, antibiotics may be prescribed. Pain relievers can also help manage discomfort. In cases of recurrent infections, additional interventions, such as the placement of ear tubes, might be considered. Proper hygiene and avoiding exposure to smoke can also reduce the risk of developing ear infections.
Zinc is a versatile metal known for its various applications in industry and health. It is a bluish-white metallic element represented by the symbol Zn and atomic number 30 on the periodic table. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing steel to prevent rusting, in the manufacturing of alloys, and as a component in batteries. Additionally, zinc plays a crucial role in biological processes, making it an essential trace element in the human diet. It is involved in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
While zinc is an essential mineral that plays a role in immune function, the evidence supporting its effectiveness specifically for treating ear infections is limited. Some studies suggest that zinc may help bolster the immune response, which could indirectly benefit those suffering from infections, but it should not be considered a primary treatment. Ear infections, particularly in children, often require antibiotics or appropriate medical intervention, so it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider for the best course of action.
Incorporating zinc-rich foods into your diet, such as meats, shellfish, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, can help support overall health. However, if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of an ear infection—such as pain, fever, or difficulty hearing—it's advisable to seek medical advice rather than relying solely on dietary supplements or minerals like zinc for treatment.
Based on user reviews, the timing for experiencing noticeable results from zinc supplementation can be quite rapid, especially when taken at the onset of symptoms. Many users report that they are able to halt or significantly lessen the severity of illness within just a few days of initiating their zinc intake. For instance, one user mentions that taking 35 grams of zinc at the first sign of illness often allows them to recover swiftly and prevents the illness from worsening Read Review. Similarly, another reviewer has found that taking zinc alongside vitamin C can lead to recovery in just a few days while protecting against transmission within the family Read Review.
However, it is essential to note that while zinc can assist in combating infections and accelerating recovery, individual experiences may vary. Some users indicate that while zinc is effective at reducing the overall frequency of illnesses when taken regularly, it may not prevent infections entirely Read Review. Therefore, it is recommended to start taking zinc as soon as symptoms arise for the best chance at effective relief.
The current scientific evidence regarding the use of zinc supplements for ear infections, specifically otitis media, is mixed. Several studies indicate that zinc, often combined with other compounds, may have some benefits in reducing the occurrence or severity of ear infections in specific populations, particularly children with recurrent issues [1], [7]. For instance, one study found that a propolis and zinc solution significantly reduced acute otitis media episodes among children with a history of infections, showcasing the potential role zinc can play in supportive treatments [7]. However, it’s crucial to note that in many studies, including those with healthy children, the isolated effect of zinc was not able to be clearly determined due to the combined nature of the interventions used [2], [4].
This indicates that while zinc may contribute positively when included with other treatments, more research is necessary to establish its effectiveness solely for preventing or treating ear infections. Mixed results have been noted across various trials, particularly in children from lower-income backgrounds [8]. Thus, while there’s some support for zinc's role in managing ear infections in specific circumstances, further exploration is essential before making any definitive claims about its efficacy.
Users have reported a variety of improvements in their symptoms when taking zinc, particularly during cold and flu seasons. Many indicated that zinc significantly boosts immune function, aiding in faster recovery from viral infections. For instance, one user noted that taking zinc at the onset of symptoms allows them to either halt or reduce the severity of the illness swiftly Read Review. Another user praised zinc's antiviral properties, stating that it helped them combat common infections effectively, particularly during viral outbreaks Read Review.
Additionally, several users experienced supporting benefits beyond immune responses, such as improvements in hair, skin, and nails, underlining the overall health benefits of taking zinc Read Review. However, while the majority report positive outcomes, it is essential to remember that individual results can vary, and some users have noted that zinc may not completely prevent infections, but rather helps reduce the frequency and severity of illnesses Read Review.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining zinc with other supplements, particularly vitamin C, for managing ear infections and other viral ailments. Many reviewers highlight that taking zinc alongside vitamin C at the first sign of illness can significantly prevent the illness from worsening and facilitate quicker recovery. One user noted that this combination allowed them to recover in just a few days, while also protecting their family from transmission of the illness Read Review.
Moreover, several users emphasize zinc's role as an essential immune booster, particularly effective against viruses in general. Its capacity to improve immune responses has been frequently noted, with users taking zinc continuously during viral outbreaks to combat common infections and enhance overall health Read Review. However, some users pointed out the importance of spacing the intake of zinc and iron, as zinc may interact with iron absorption, suggesting that timing and pairing supplements wisely can optimize their benefits, especially when addressing health issues like ear infections Read Review.
Users report a range of experiences regarding the appropriate dose of Zinc for treating ear infections and other viral illnesses. Many reviewers emphasize the importance of taking Zinc at the onset of symptoms, suggesting that a dose of around 35 grams can be effective in either halting or reducing the severity of ailments Read Review. It is noted that taking Zinc alongside other supplements, such as vitamin C, can enhance its efficacy during an illness Read Review.
Several users also highlight the significance of timing and dosage to optimize immune response. For example, one user mentions consistently taking two capsules daily during times of suspected viral infections, indicating a proactive approach to utilizing Zinc Read Review. While there is some caution regarding possible nausea, users recommend taking Zinc after a hearty meal to mitigate these effects Read Review. Overall, the consensus appears to lean towards early and sufficient dosing of Zinc to combat not just ear infections but other viral challenges effectively.
9
Fights inflammation
1 people found this helpful
This zinc is incredibly effective during infections. It acts as an immunomodulator, significantly reducing the frequency of illness. By taking 35 grams at the onset of symptoms, we often either halt or lessen the severity of the illness swiftly.
7.5
Speedy recovery
27 people found this helpful
I find zinc indispensable for combating colds and SARS. It effectively helps my body fight viral infections. At the first sign of illness, I take zinc along with vitamin C, which usually prevents the illness from worsening. This combination often allows us to recover in just a few days, protecting my family from transmission.
6
Enhances recovery
6 people found this helpful
Zinc is renowned for its antiviral and antibacterial properties. While it won't entirely prevent viral infections, it does facilitate quicker recovery and lowers the frequency of illnesses, making it vital for immune support during the colder months.
9
Effective prevention
1 people found this helpful
Recently, we have relied on zinc continuously, especially during viral outbreaks. It's effective even against common infections when taken in sufficient doses, enabling us to combat viruses effectively. The product quality is commendable.
9
Increases resistance
6 people found this helpful
I've taken zinc several times, noticing significant improvements in hair, nails, and skin. It seems to boost my resistance to infections, and during my usage, I avoid falling ill even when others are unwell. Zinc also plays a role in memory formation, and I particularly appreciate its effect on my hair’s quality, making it shinier and healthier.
7.5
Supports immunity
102 people found this helpful
Zinc is crucial for immunity, especially during cold seasons, although it won't prevent viral infections. It aids faster recovery and reduces illness frequency. I always keep it in my first aid kit. While some may experience nausea, taking it after a hearty meal usually mitigates this. Zinc promotes healthy hair, nails, and skin, and assists adolescents with acne. However, one should be cautious as it can interact with iron absorption, thus it's best to space out their intake.
7.5
Promotes health benefits
This is my second order of this product. I take it whenever I suspect a viral infection, as zinc effectively halts the replication of viruses in the body. During an illness, I typically consume two capsules daily and genuinely hope for the health benefits it promises.
9
Nutraceuticals show promise for ear infections
Single-Center-Single-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Containing Boswellia Serrata, Bromelain, Zinc, Magnesium, Honey, Tyndallized Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Casei to Fight Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Otitis Media.
We conducted a study to examine how a specific nutraceutical, which includes zinc, can support the treatment of ear infections in children. In our trial, 120 children were divided into three groups: a control group that only received standard treatment, and two treatment groups that received both the standard care and the nutraceutical.
The treatment involved the combination of Boswellia serrata, Bromelain, and other ingredients, including zinc, over 20 to 30 days. We used various methods, like otoscopy and auditory tests, to assess the children's health at the start of the study and after treatment.
Our results showed that both treatment groups performed better compared to the control group concerning measures like ear exams and hearing tests after treatment. However, while we observed improvements in the treatment groups, the specific impact of zinc alone could not be clearly determined given that it was part of a larger formula.
The findings highlight the potential of using this nutraceutical blend as a supportive therapy against upper respiratory infections in children, particularly with the inclusion of Boswellia and Bromelain for their anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, we found it challenging to isolate zinc's individual benefit in this context.
8
Propolis and zinc reduce ear infections
Effectiveness of a propolis and zinc solution in preventing acute otitis media in children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.
We explored the effectiveness of a propolis and zinc solution in preventing acute otitis media (AOM) among children aged 1 to 5 who have a history of recurrent ear infections. In our study, 122 children were divided into two groups: one received the propolis and zinc suspension along with efforts to remove environmental risks, while the other group received only the environmental changes.
Over a three-month period, we observed that 50.8% of the children given the propolis and zinc suspension developed AOM, compared to 70.5% in the control group. This marked a significant reduction in infections, with the mean number of AOM episodes per child each month decreasing from 0.34 to 0.23.
The results suggest that administering a propolis and zinc solution can considerably lower the risk of new ear infections and the need for related antibiotic treatments, all while ensuring safety and a high rate of parental satisfaction. However, it is worth noting that the study does not imply any benefit of this treatment regarding other respiratory infections beyond AOM.
7
Zinc's role in ear infections
The effects of oral supplements with Sambucus nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in otitis media with effusion in children: a randomized controlled trial.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of oral supplements, including zinc, on children suffering from ear infections, specifically otitis media with effusion (OME). Our study involved 198 children aged between 12 and 96 months, who were divided into four groups, with one group receiving standard treatment.
The group that received the immune-stimulating oral supplements, which featured zinc, was monitored for improvements in ear health through various measures, such as tympanometry and audiometry. While there was an overall positive trend among those who took the supplements, it’s essential to clarify that the isolated effect of zinc itself on ear infections was not fully determined in our findings.
We concluded that the supplements could enhance overall immune response and potentially reduce inflammation in the ear, thus aiding in better middle ear ventilation. However, the direct impact of zinc remains embedded within a combination of other treatments, making it challenging to specify its individual contribution to treating ear infections.
We analyzed the effectiveness of zinc supplements in preventing otitis media, or middle ear infections, through a detailed examination of various studies. The focus was on randomised, placebo-controlled trials where zinc was administered at least once a week for a month or more.
A total of 12 trials were evaluated, involving over 6,800 participants. While most studies, particularly those involving healthy children in low-income areas, showed no significant difference in the occurrence of ear infections between zinc and placebo groups, one trial did indicate a noteworthy reduction in the rate of otitis media among children receiving zinc supplements.
Additionally, a small trial involving infants suffering from severe malnutrition suggested that zinc may help decrease the number of ear infection episodes. However, the evidence remains mixed, especially for healthy children under five in lower income countries. In the end, while zinc supplements did not lead to serious side effects, some participants experienced mild vomiting after taking them.
Overall, while we found some positive indications for specific groups, the mixed results highlight the need for more research before concluding that zinc could be a reliable preventative measure against ear infections.
We explored whether zinc supplements could help prevent otitis media, which is a common ear infection affecting many, especially young children. Our examination included several randomized, placebo-controlled trials where participants received zinc supplements at least once a week for a minimum of a month.
In total, we identified 12 trials, but only 10 provided sufficient data for analysis. Among healthy children from low-income communities, most studies did not show a clear benefit of zinc on reducing ear infections. However, one trial with over 1600 participants did find a significantly lower incidence of otitis media in those taking zinc, suggesting that it might help. Additionally, a small study focusing on infants with severe malnutrition hinted at potential benefits, yet it is important to note this was based on limited data.
Overall, the evidence isn't definitive—while some results point towards positive effects, particularly in specific groups, many trials did not support the effectiveness of zinc in healthy children. Furthermore, zinc supplements appeared safe, with minimal reports of adverse effects.
References
Della Volpe A, De Luca P, De Lucia A, Martines F, Piroli P, et al. Single-Center-Single-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Containing Boswellia Serrata, Bromelain, Zinc, Magnesium, Honey, Tyndallized Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Casei to Fight Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Otitis Media. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10. doi:10.3390/healthcare10081526
Della Volpe A, Ricci G, Ralli M, Gambacorta V, De Lucia A, et al. The effects of oral supplements with Sambucus nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in otitis media with effusion in children: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23:6360. doi:10.26355/eurrev_201907_18460
Pavel IZ, Csuk R, Danciu C, Avram S, Baderca F, et al. Assessment of the Antiangiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Maslinic Acid Derivative and its Potentiation using Zinc Chloride. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20. doi:10.3390/ijms20112828
Gulani A, Sachdev HS. Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:CD006639. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006639.pub4
Gulani A, Sachdev HS. Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006639.pub3
Minetti AM, Forti S, Tassone G, Torretta S, Pignataro L. Efficacy of complex herbal compound of Echinacea angustifolia (Imoviral® Junior) in recurrent upper respiratory tract infections during pediatric age: preliminary results. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63:177.
Marchisio P, Esposito S, Bianchini S, Desantis C, Galeone C, et al. Effectiveness of a propolis and zinc solution in preventing acute otitis media in children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010;23:567.
Abba K, Gulani A, Sachdev HS. Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006639.pub2