We delved into an interesting case of a 76-year-old man who developed severe esophageal ulcers, likely due to zinc deficiency following a total gastrectomy. His symptoms included sore throat, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.
After the diagnosis of zinc deficiency, he began oral zinc treatment. Remarkably, this led to significant symptom relief and visible healing of the ulcers during follow-up imaging. Impressively, he has maintained his zinc supplementation for five years without any recurrence of symptoms. This unique case shines a light on the potential role of zinc in ulcer healing.
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8
Zinc aids in ulcer reduction
Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by zinc supplementation in Behçet's disease patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We moved forward with a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to see how zinc affects ulcers in patients with Behçet's disease. Over 12 weeks, 50 participants received either zinc gluconate or a placebo.
The results revealed that zinc significantly reduced the occurrence of genital ulcers and inflammation markers like NLRP3 and caspase-1. In fact, zinc supplementation improved clinical conditions and decreased inflammatory markers, showing promise as an additional therapy for managing Behçet's disease.
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8
Zinc treatment comparable for ulcers
Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers.
We explored how polaprezinc combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) stacks up against rebamipide with PPI treatment for ulcers resulting from endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Involving 210 patients, the study randomly assigned them to either treatment group and evaluated their ulcer healing rates after four weeks.
We found that polaprezinc's healing effectiveness was comparable to that of rebamipide, with healing rates at 90.3% and 91.4% respectively. This means that while both treatments are effective, we didn’t observe a significant advantage of one over the other in promoting ulcer healing.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
Reduction in complications
18 people found this helpful
I find that zinc is critical for health. A deficiency can disrupt bodily functions, resulting in issues like skin diseases and ulcers. It's difficult to get adequate zinc from food alone, so I often rely on supplements. Additionally, recent studies indicate that zinc is more effective than vitamin C in combating colds by halting virus progression and softening disease severity. I'm pleased with its effectiveness in managing ulcers and would recommend it wholeheartedly.
Read More
9
Ulcer healing
2 people found this helpful
When I received my zinc, I was struggling with painful ulcers. After just a few days of ensuring sufficient zinc levels, I'm now healed and my appetite has returned.
Read More
10
Ulcer relief
1 people found this helpful
I bought Zinc Chelate for a colleague suffering from recurrent mouth ulcers. Since starting this combined with folic acid and B12, she hasn’t experienced them anymore. I've introduced it to others facing the same issue, and they've also found relief from painful mouth ulcers. This product is indeed impressive!
We explored the impact of zinc when incorporated into first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections, particularly in patients suffering from ulcers. In a multicenter registry study involving 800 patients, we noted that the most common factors leading to treatment were dyspepsia and gastroduodenal ulcers.
The findings indicated that quadruple therapy—both with and without bismuth—improved eradication rates significantly, achieving about 94.9%. Meanwhile, zinc as a part of a sequential therapy showed an impressive effectiveness of 95.6%. However, since zinc was combined with other treatments, it’s challenging to pinpoint its isolated effects on ulcer healing or eradication efficacy.
We also observed that adverse events, though reported in nearly 29% of cases, were generally mild, suggesting that the treatments were well-tolerated. Overall, the report highlighted that while zinc may enhance treatment effectiveness when combined, its individual contribution remains undetermined.
Read More
9
Zinc treatment has therapeutic potential
Treatment of Acute Ulcerative Colitis with Zinc Hyaluronate in Mice.
We investigated the effects of zinc hyaluronate (ZnHA) on ulcerative colitis (UC) using a mouse model that simulates the condition. This study aimed to explore how ZnHA could potentially alleviate the symptoms of UC, focusing on factors like inflammation and gut health.
Our experiments showed that ZnHA significantly reduced key symptoms associated with UC, such as weight loss, loose stools, and the presence of blood in stools. We also noticed notable changes at a cellular level; ZnHA helped decrease levels of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 while boosting interleukin-10, a factor known for anti-inflammatory effects.
Additionally, our findings revealed that ZnHA positively impacted gut bacteria. It fostered the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce propionic acid, which is crucial for gut health. We also observed that ZnHA enhanced the function of proteins that maintain the intestinal barrier, such as ZO-1 and occludin.
Overall, our exploration highlights the potential of ZnHA as a supportive treatment for UC by targeting inflammation and promoting a healthy gut environment. This study provides new insights that could encourage further development of hyaluronic acid-based treatments for UC and similar conditions.
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9
Zinc enhances diabetic ulcer healing
Enhanced diabetic foot ulcer treatment with a chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel loaded self-assembled multi-functional nanoparticles for antibacterial and angiogenic effects.
We explored how a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) works, focusing on the role of zinc. This innovative formulation combines zinc with other therapeutic agents in a chitosan-based hydrogel that responds to heat. Our aim was to see if this treatment could not only fight bacteria but also help the body heal more effectively.
The combination of zinc with chlorogenic acid and indocyanine green promotes a healing environment by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress at the ulcer site. This hydrogel is designed to release its active ingredients right where they’re needed, and we found that it significantly enhances the expression of proteins important for blood vessel formation, including VEGF and CD31.
In our experiments, both in the lab and in real-life conditions, this zinc-enriched hydrogel showed promising results. It effectively inhibited the growth of the common bacteria Staphylococcus aureus after applying laser treatment and helped wounds remodel within 14 days.
This study suggests that incorporating zinc into wound care strategies could significantly improve treatment outcomes for patients suffering from DFUs. Overall, our findings open up new avenues for managing this challenging health issue.
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9
New treatment reduces digital dermatitis
Investigation on the effectiveness of a new hoof care product to sustainably reduce and prevent digital dermatitis in dairy cow herds.
We embarked on an investigation to understand whether a new hoof care product featuring iron, zinc, and aluminum can effectively reduce and prevent digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. In a controlled trial involving over 130 dairy cows, we treated one hind foot of each cow twice a week with this product while leaving the other foot untreated for comparison.
The results were revealing! Our analysis indicated that the use of the hoof care product significantly reduced the severity of DD compared to the untreated group. In fact, cows treated with the product had a much lower chance of developing lesions. The outcome showed that in the control group, the odds of having a lesion were four times higher than in the treated group, and the likelihood of experiencing an active lesion versus an inactive one was even more pronounced.
Interestingly, we also observed positive outcomes in heifers, with only one developing an active lesion in the treated group, showcasing the potential for this product to help manage and prevent DD even before these young cows enter the herd. The study indicates that the combination of ingredients in this hoof care product could be a promising alternative to traditional, harsher treatments.
While zinc is included as one of the components in the product, it's essential to note that we can't isolate its effect on ulcers from the other ingredients. Therefore, we can't definitively conclude zinc's sole effectiveness when it comes to DD treatment, but the overall findings are encouraging for improving hoof health in dairy cows.
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9
Zinc and Polaprezinc's synergistic effects
Aspergillusidone G Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polaprezinc in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Study.
We explored the potential impact of Polaprezinc, a drug commonly used for gastric ulcers, on neuroinflammation, a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases. By using LPS-induced BV-2 microglia, we observed that Polaprezinc significantly reduced the production of harmful compounds like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it inhibited the expression of inflammatory markers, suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties may extend beyond ulcer treatment.
Interestingly, we also examined how the combination of Polaprezinc with Aspergillusidone G could enhance these effects. When we treated the microglia with both substances, the results were promising. The duo improved the inhibition of nitric oxide generation from about 30% to an impressive 80%. This indicates a possible synergistic anti-inflammatory effect that could offer new approaches in managing neuroinflammatory conditions.
Overall, our findings shed light on the importance of zinc's role in the therapeutic effects of Polaprezinc, especially when paired with other compounds like Aspergillusidone G. This combination opens up exciting avenues for research into treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the crucial connection between inflammation and zinc in the context of ulcer management.
I find that zinc is critical for health. A deficiency can disrupt bodily functions, resulting in issues like skin diseases and ulcers. It's difficult to get adequate zinc from food alone, so I often rely on supplements. Additionally, recent studies indicate that zinc is more effective than vitamin C in combating colds by halting virus progression and softening disease severity. I'm pleased with its effectiveness in managing ulcers and would recommend it wholeheartedly.
Read More
9
Ulcer healing
2 people found this helpful
When I received my zinc, I was struggling with painful ulcers. After just a few days of ensuring sufficient zinc levels, I'm now healed and my appetite has returned.
Read More
10
Ulcer relief
1 people found this helpful
I bought Zinc Chelate for a colleague suffering from recurrent mouth ulcers. Since starting this combined with folic acid and B12, she hasn’t experienced them anymore. I've introduced it to others facing the same issue, and they've also found relief from painful mouth ulcers. This product is indeed impressive!
Read More
7.5
Boosted immunity
47 people found this helpful
I must emphasise the importance of zinc. It's essential for numerous bodily functions, including maintaining a balanced immune system. Zinc is vital for cell growth, and its absence can lead to issues like poor wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. I recommend that everyone ensure their multivitamin includes zinc, as it can significantly enhance immunity, particularly in older adults. My experiences with it have been immensely positive, especially concerning ulcer healing and overall health.
Read More
9
Ulcer prevention
Initially, I hadn’t taken zinc, but once I did, my mouth ulcers disappeared. It's an effective solution for anyone struggling with these painful issues.
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or colon. It occurs when the digestive tract is damaged or inflamed, often due to an imbalance between stomach acid and the protective factors in the digestive system. The most common types of ulcers include peptic ulcers, which can be further categorized into gastric ulcers (located in the stomach) and duodenal ulcers (found in the first part of the small intestine). Symptoms may include burning stomach pain, bloating, and nausea, which can vary in intensity based on the severity of the condition.
Zinc is a versatile metal known for its various applications in industry and health. It is a bluish-white metallic element represented by the symbol Zn and atomic number 30 on the periodic table. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing steel to prevent rusting, in the manufacturing of alloys, and as a component in batteries. Additionally, zinc plays a crucial role in biological processes, making it an essential trace element in the human diet. It is involved in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
Zinc is known to play a role in immune function and wound healing, which can be beneficial for those suffering from ulcers. Research indicates that zinc may help reduce inflammation and promote cell repair, contributing to the healing process of gastric and peptic ulcers. It's important to note that while zinc can support overall gut health and immune function, it should not be viewed as a standalone treatment for ulcers. Instead, it may act as a complementary supplement to other conventional therapies.
Before adding zinc or any supplement to your regimen, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on the appropriate dosage and ensure it won't interact with any medications you may be taking for your ulcer. Furthermore, maintaining a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is crucial for supporting ulcer healing. While zinc can certainly be a helpful addition to your overall health strategy, relying solely on it without proper medical advice may not yield the desired results.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking zinc supplements for ulcers often report noticeable improvements within just a few days of consistent use. For instance, one user mentioned that after ensuring sufficient zinc levels, their painful ulcers healed quickly, indicating that early relief is possible with this supplement Read Review. Another review highlighted the effectiveness of zinc combined with other vitamins, leading to the complete cessation of recurrent mouth ulcers in a colleague Read Review.
Overall, it seems that the timeline for relief can vary, but many users have experienced significant results in a matter of days, particularly with consistent intake. Additionally, reviews frequently underscore the role of zinc in enhancing overall health and healing processes, suggesting it is a valuable supplement for managing ulcers effectively Read Review. As always, individual experiences may vary, so consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized advice is recommended.
Recent research suggests that zinc has potential benefits in the treatment of various forms of ulcers, particularly in gastric and inflammatory conditions. A multicenter study involving 800 patients indicated that zinc, when included in first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections, improved eradication rates for ulcers, achieving around 95.6% effectiveness as part of a sequential therapy [5]. Additionally, a study on zinc oxide nanoparticles showed promise in mitigating the effects of ulcerative colitis in mice by reducing inflammation and promoting colon health, though it emphasized the role of the nanoparticles in a broader herbal treatment context [8].
Moreover, zinc-enriched nutrition has been noted to aid healing rates in chronic ulcers, with some studies reporting significant reductions in wound area [10]. Although certain findings are mixed, showing no substantial effects of zinc alone, these collective insights highlight zinc's potential role as a supportive element in ulcer treatment, particularly when combined with other therapeutic strategies. As research continues, zinc's contributions to ulcer management could lead to more effective treatment regimens.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their symptoms after incorporating zinc supplements into their routines. Several users noted that their painful mouth ulcers began to heal within days of starting zinc supplementation, with one reviewer specifically stating that their ulcers disappeared entirely after they began taking zinc Read Review. Another user highlighted the effectiveness of zinc when combined with other vitamins, mentioning that a colleague no longer experienced recurrent mouth ulcers since starting this regimen Read Review.
In addition to ulcer management, users also reported holistic improvements in their overall health and immune system function, emphasizing the importance of zinc for bodily processes Read Review. This has been echoed by multiple reviewers who expressed that zinc has positively impacted their healing and immunity, making it a worthwhile addition to their health regimen Read Review. However, it’s essential to note that individual results can vary, and consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable for personalized recommendations.
Users have reported positive outcomes when combining zinc supplements with other vitamins for managing ulcers. For instance, one review highlights the success of zinc when used alongside folic acid and B12, as a colleague who previously struggled with recurrent mouth ulcers ceased to experience them after starting this combination Read Review. Several users echoed the effectiveness of zinc in this capacity, suggesting that adding other nutrients can enhance its benefits on healing ulcers and improving overall health Read Review.
Additionally, zinc’s role in immune support and healing is emphasized, with one user stating that it significantly aided in ulcer recovery and boosted overall health Read Review. Another reviewer shared their effective results after introducing zinc into their regimen, asserting that it effectively addressed their painful mouth ulcers Read Review. Overall, users seem to agree that combining zinc with other supplements can yield better results in managing ulcer symptoms and enhancing health.
Users frequently highlight the effectiveness of zinc as a treatment for ulcers, with many reporting positive outcomes when incorporating it into their daily regimen. One user noted that a 30 mg dosage was particularly beneficial for adults, enhancing both immunity and ulcer relief Read Review. Another user shared their experience of healing from painful ulcers after just a few days of ensuring sufficient zinc levels Read Review.
Several reviewers emphasized the importance of zinc not only for its role in managing ulcers but also for overall health, with claims that it supports bodily functions such as wound healing and immune response. Users also mentioned positive experiences when taking chelated zinc due to its better absorption, which seemed to enhance their recovery from ulcer symptoms Read Review. Overall, many recommend integrating zinc into one’s routine as a key component in maintaining health, particularly for those susceptible to ulcers.
9
Ulcer healing
2 people found this helpful
When I received my zinc, I was struggling with painful ulcers. After just a few days of ensuring sufficient zinc levels, I'm now healed and my appetite has returned.
10
Ulcer relief
1 people found this helpful
I bought Zinc Chelate for a colleague suffering from recurrent mouth ulcers. Since starting this combined with folic acid and B12, she hasn’t experienced them anymore. I've introduced it to others facing the same issue, and they've also found relief from painful mouth ulcers. This product is indeed impressive!
7.5
Boosted immunity
47 people found this helpful
I must emphasise the importance of zinc. It's essential for numerous bodily functions, including maintaining a balanced immune system. Zinc is vital for cell growth, and its absence can lead to issues like poor wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. I recommend that everyone ensure their multivitamin includes zinc, as it can significantly enhance immunity, particularly in older adults. My experiences with it have been immensely positive, especially concerning ulcer healing and overall health.
9
Ulcer prevention
Initially, I hadn’t taken zinc, but once I did, my mouth ulcers disappeared. It's an effective solution for anyone struggling with these painful issues.
9
Reduction in complications
18 people found this helpful
I find that zinc is critical for health. A deficiency can disrupt bodily functions, resulting in issues like skin diseases and ulcers. It's difficult to get adequate zinc from food alone, so I often rely on supplements. Additionally, recent studies indicate that zinc is more effective than vitamin C in combating colds by halting virus progression and softening disease severity. I'm pleased with its effectiveness in managing ulcers and would recommend it wholeheartedly.
7.5
Supports recovery
The 30 mg dosage is perfect for adults looking to boost their immunity. I've found that chelated zinc can assist with ulcers as well, which is a great benefit.
7.5
Enhanced immunity
2 people found this helpful
This zinc is chelated, making it easier to absorb without burdening the body. The dosage suits adults well, and I've noticed improvements in my immunity. Zinc supports growth and mental development, while a deficiency can lead to issues with appetite and ulcers. I recommend it for maintaining overall health and improving immunity, particularly if one experiences symptoms associated with ulcers.
9.5
Zinc's role in ulcer treatment
[Argentinean registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: effectiveness and safety of first line treatment].
We explored the impact of zinc when incorporated into first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections, particularly in patients suffering from ulcers. In a multicenter registry study involving 800 patients, we noted that the most common factors leading to treatment were dyspepsia and gastroduodenal ulcers.
The findings indicated that quadruple therapy—both with and without bismuth—improved eradication rates significantly, achieving about 94.9%. Meanwhile, zinc as a part of a sequential therapy showed an impressive effectiveness of 95.6%. However, since zinc was combined with other treatments, it’s challenging to pinpoint its isolated effects on ulcer healing or eradication efficacy.
We also observed that adverse events, though reported in nearly 29% of cases, were generally mild, suggesting that the treatments were well-tolerated. Overall, the report highlighted that while zinc may enhance treatment effectiveness when combined, its individual contribution remains undetermined.
9
Zinc nanoparticles may protect intestinal health
Protective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Cassia alata for DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model.
We explored the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from the Cassia alata plant on ulcerative colitis (UC) in a mouse model. Ulcerative colitis is a common inflammatory bowel disease that results in chronic inflammation of the colorectal area, leading to various symptoms and complications. The study aimed to determine whether these zinc nanoparticles could provide protective benefits against UC, particularly following induction with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
Our findings revealed that the ZnO NPs showed promise in mitigating several negative effects associated with UC. We observed improvements in weight loss, disease activity index, colon shortening, and overall colon health in the treated mice. The green synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce hypersensitivity and oxidative stress, effectively protecting the mucosal layer of the colon.
However, it is important to note that the study focused on ZnO NPs as part of a natural herbal treatment, rather than isolating zinc as a singular therapeutic agent. Although our results indicate a potential protective effect, further research would be beneficial to fully understand the role of zinc itself in treating ulcerative colitis.
8
Zinc's Impact on Chronic Ulcers
Impact of oral nutritional supplement composition on healing of different chronic wounds: A systematic review.
We set out to explore how zinc, when included in oral nutritional formulas, impacts the healing of chronic ulcers. Our investigation looked at various research involving a total of 741 patients with different types of wounds, which primarily included pressure injuries and diabetic foot ulcers.
Among the studies we examined, some suggested that a hypercaloric and hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc, along with important vitamins A, C, and E, could promote wound healing effectively. Specifically, four studies indicated that these enriched formulas led to a noticeable reduction in wound area, showcasing an increase in healing rates.
However, it's worth noting that two studies reported no significant differences in healing rates when zinc was incorporated into the treatment. Additionally, other approaches featuring combinations like arginine and glutamine did not show significant improvements over the control groups, further complicating the picture.
This indicates that while zinc might play a beneficial role, the evidence isn't uniformly strong regarding its isolated effect on ulcer healing. Overall, we found that a desirable formula for promoting healing seems to focus on high calories, protein content, and antioxidants, which may include zinc as part of a larger cocktail of nutrients.
References
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Seo HR, Chung KB, Kim DY. The Possible Impact of Zinc-Enriched Multivitamins on Treatment-Naïve Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients. J Clin Med. 2025;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14010260
Wu Z, Wu W, Zhang C, Zhang W, Li Y, et al. Enhanced diabetic foot ulcer treatment with a chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel loaded self-assembled multi-functional nanoparticles for antibacterial and angiogenic effects. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;347:122740. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122740
Grimm K, Fiedler A, Kröger C. Investigation on the effectiveness of a new hoof care product to sustainably reduce and prevent digital dermatitis in dairy cow herds. J Dairy Sci. 2025;108:1869. doi:10.3168/jds.2024-25134
Laudanno O, Ahumaran G, Thome M, Adami P, Ustares F, et al. [Argentinean registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: effectiveness and safety of first line treatment]. Medicina (B Aires). 2024;84:884.
Huang Y, Shang S, Du H. Causal association of micronutrients and supplements with pressure ulcer: A Mendelian randomization study. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30:e13904. doi:10.1111/srt.13904
Ban F, Zhou L, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Aspergillusidone G Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polaprezinc in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Study. Mar Drugs. 2024;22. doi:10.3390/md22070324
Govindarasu M, Vaiyapuri M, Kim JC. Protective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Cassia alata for DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2024;47:1393. doi:10.1007/s00449-024-03047-8
Zheng M, Xie C, Ye D, Chen Y, Wang Z, et al. Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides-zinc alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis. J Sci Food Agric. 2024;104:7617. doi:10.1002/jsfa.13597
Santo ACSDE, Sugizaki CSA, de Morais Junior AC, Costa NA, Bachion MM, et al. Impact of oral nutritional supplement composition on healing of different chronic wounds: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2024;124:112449. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112449
Hayashi A, Taki Y, Arai K, Sato S, Higashizono K, et al. Esophageal ulcer related to zinc deficiency following a total gastrectomy. Nutrition. 2023;110:111999. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.111999
Faghfouri AH, Baradaran B, Khabbazi A, Abdoli Shadbad M, Papi S, et al. Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by zinc supplementation in Behçet's disease patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;109:108825. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108825
Jung DH, Park JC, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, et al. Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55:233. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001357
Scheid PL, Lâm TT, Sinsch U, Balczun C. Vermamoeba vermiformis as etiological agent of a painful ulcer close to the eye. Parasitol Res. 2019;118:1999. doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06312-y
Ficarra G, Cicchi P, Amorosi A, Piluso S. Oral Crohn's disease and pyostomatitis vegetans. An unusual association. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;75:220.
Cho CH, Ogle CW, Dai S. Effects of zinc chloride on gastric secretion and ulcer formation in pylorus-occluded rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1976;38:337.