We explored whether consuming chocolate could lower the risk of heart failure among 20,278 male physicians in a long-term study. Over 9 years, we regularly checked their chocolate intake and heart health, finding 876 new heart failure cases.
Although the overall results showed no significant benefit for chocolate consumption across all participants, a noticeable trend emerged: men with lower body weight (BMI under 25) who enjoyed chocolate five or more times a week had a reduced risk. This suggests that for some, moderate chocolate consumption may hold heart health benefits.
Read More
4
Cocoa extract's limited heart benefits
Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.
We examined the impact of cocoa extract supplementation on heart disease in a large group of older adults through a rigorous randomized, double-blind trial. While the overall results showed that cocoa extract didn't significantly lower total cardiovascular events, there was a notable reduction of 27% in cardiovascular-related deaths.
This suggests that while cocoa may not prevent heart attacks or strokes, it might still play a role in improving heart health outcomes. More studies are needed to fully understand cocoa's potential benefits.
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9
Cacao polyphenols may support heart health
Cacao Bean Polyphenols Inhibit Cardiac Hypertrophy and Systolic Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure Model Mice.
We investigated how cacao bean polyphenols might affect heart health, particularly focusing on cardiac hypertrophy linked to heart failure. Using a mix of neonatal rat cells and mice models, we found that cacao polyphenols significantly reduced changes in heart cells that typically lead to hypertrophy.
This treatment appeared to improve cardiac function and structure by blocking specific signaling pathways related to heart stress. Although results are promising, more research is necessary to see if these benefits translate to humans.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Aids heart function
67 people found this helpful
This raw, organic cocoa is superb! I find it essential, especially as I deal with iron deficiency and stress. The magnesium it provides calms me, and it’s packed with antioxidants, so I’m supporting my heart health. After enjoying a cup, I feel uplifted due to the beneficial compounds it contains. I love its flavour and the fact that it’s not roasted, so all nutrients remain intact. I thoroughly recommend this brand for those wanting a health boost and a delicious drink.
Read More
9
Mood stabilisation
1 people found this helpful
Regular daily intake of organic cocoa helps normalise sleep. It’s an antioxidant that supports the cardiovascular system, enhances circulation, reduces blood viscosity and regulates blood pressure, thus benefiting heart health.
Read More
8
Promotes heart health
366 people found this helpful
I adore this raw cocoa, which is not only delicious but beneficial for heart health. The ancient Maya and Aztecs valued cocoa highly, and with its antioxidant properties, it genuinely uplifts my mood and promotes well-being. The fact that it’s certified organic makes it even better, devoid of nasty pesticides. I enjoy it in drinks and find that it contributes positively to skin health, helping to heal and rejuvenate. It’s versatile and a must-try for anyone seeking health benefits and a lovely drink.
We investigated how cacao bean polyphenols might affect heart health, particularly focusing on cardiac hypertrophy linked to heart failure. Using a mix of neonatal rat cells and mice models, we found that cacao polyphenols significantly reduced changes in heart cells that typically lead to hypertrophy.
This treatment appeared to improve cardiac function and structure by blocking specific signaling pathways related to heart stress. Although results are promising, more research is necessary to see if these benefits translate to humans.
Read More
9
Cacao's protective heart effects
(‑)‑Epicatechin protects against myocardial ischemia‑induced cardiac injury via activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
We investigated the effects of flavonol (−)-epicatechin, a compound found in cacao, on heart health. Using both live mice and cultured heart cells, we discovered that EPI significantly reduced damage caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, or myocardial ischemia.
The treatment showed a decrease in heart cell death and improved function by activating a specific signaling pathway. Our findings suggest EPI from cacao could offer new protective strategies for heart conditions, making it an appealing focus for future cardiac health research.
Read More
9
Cacao extract improves heart health
Cacao polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis in mice.
We investigated whether cacao polyphenols could help reduce autoimmune myocarditis, a severe heart condition. In our study, mice with this condition received either a cacao polyphenol extract or a placebo.
Our results showed that the cacao-treated mice had notably lower heart damage compared to those given the placebo. This included less inflammation and reduced levels of harmful substances in the heart.
While cacao may not entirely reverse heart issues, it shows promise as a dietary supplement to help manage cardiovascular inflammation and oxidative stress.
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8
Preliminary cacao benefits noted
Effect of cocoa ( L.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study.
We evaluated the effects of consuming 30 grams of dark chocolate daily for one week on patients with stable coronary artery disease. This study involved 20 participants already on dual antiplatelet therapy.
Our findings revealed that cacao enhanced the action of clopidogrel, significantly decreasing platelet reactivity, but did not affect aspirin's effectiveness. While these results are promising, further long-term studies are needed to confirm these effects in heart disease management.
Read More
8
Cacao flavonoid reduces heart fibrosis
(-)-Epicatechin Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis in a Female Rat Model of Pre-Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.
We examined the impact of (-)-epicatechin, a key flavonoid in cacao, on heart health in aging female rats with pre-heart failure. In our treatment, the rats received daily doses of Epi over a period of time.
We found that Epi significantly reduced heart fibrosis and levels of harmful markers related to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, it did not appear to improve the heart's pumping function.
Overall, while Epi shows promise for reducing certain heart risks, it didn't enhance overall cardiac performance in this specific study.
This raw, organic cocoa is superb! I find it essential, especially as I deal with iron deficiency and stress. The magnesium it provides calms me, and it’s packed with antioxidants, so I’m supporting my heart health. After enjoying a cup, I feel uplifted due to the beneficial compounds it contains. I love its flavour and the fact that it’s not roasted, so all nutrients remain intact. I thoroughly recommend this brand for those wanting a health boost and a delicious drink.
Read More
9
Mood stabilisation
1 people found this helpful
Regular daily intake of organic cocoa helps normalise sleep. It’s an antioxidant that supports the cardiovascular system, enhances circulation, reduces blood viscosity and regulates blood pressure, thus benefiting heart health.
Read More
8
Promotes heart health
366 people found this helpful
I adore this raw cocoa, which is not only delicious but beneficial for heart health. The ancient Maya and Aztecs valued cocoa highly, and with its antioxidant properties, it genuinely uplifts my mood and promotes well-being. The fact that it’s certified organic makes it even better, devoid of nasty pesticides. I enjoy it in drinks and find that it contributes positively to skin health, helping to heal and rejuvenate. It’s versatile and a must-try for anyone seeking health benefits and a lovely drink.
Read More
9
Rich in nutrients
16 people found this helpful
This raw cocoa is simply divine! I gravitate towards it due to its rich nutrient profile, aiding in my overall health—particularly for heart disease. Cocoa is filled with antioxidants and minerals like magnesium and iron, important for heart protection and mood enhancement. The flavour alone is enough to appreciate, but knowing it promotes health makes this a staple in my diet. I highly recommend trying it for its numerous benefits.
Read More
8.5
Boosts heart health
15 people found this helpful
I enjoy this unique chocolate taste from organic cocoa. It’s a fantastic superfood, loaded with antioxidants and essential nutrients. I find that it positively influences my mood and health, particularly regarding heart disease. The process of cold-pressing maintains its nutrient integrity, making me feel invigorated. I love the versatility of using it in various recipes, knowing I’m benefiting my health with every cup.
Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.
Cacao refers to the beans that are derived from the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, which is primarily cultivated in tropical regions. These beans are the fundamental ingredient used to produce chocolate, as well as cocoa powder and cocoa butter. When harvested, cacao beans undergo fermentation, drying, roasting, and processing to transform them into various chocolate products. Cacao is also known for its rich flavor profile, often described as earthy and slightly bitter, with fruity and nutty notes depending on the variety and processing methods used.
Beyond its culinary uses, cacao is celebrated for its health benefits. It is packed with antioxidants known as flavonoids, which may contribute to improved heart health and enhanced mood. Additionally, raw cacao retains more of its natural nutrients, making it a popular choice among health-conscious consumers. Whether in the form of dark chocolate bars or as cacao nibs added to smoothies and oatmeal, this versatile ingredient has taken a central place in both cooking and wellness diets.
Cacao has garnered attention in recent years for its potential heart health benefits, largely attributed to its high flavonoid content. Flavonoids are antioxidants that can help improve blood flow, lower blood pressure, and reduce inflammation, all of which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Some studies suggest that regular consumption of dark chocolate, which contains a high percentage of cacao, can lead to improved heart health markers, supplemented by a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. However, it’s important to consume cacao in moderation and choose products with minimal added sugars and unhealthy fats.
That said, while there is emerging evidence supporting cacao's benefits for heart health, it is not a substitute for traditional heart disease treatments or a replacement for healthy lifestyle choices. If you are considering adding cacao to your diet for potential heart benefits, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure it aligns with your individual health needs. As always, maintaining a well-rounded diet and exercise regimen remains paramount for cardiovascular care.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results when taking cocoa for heart disease can vary. Some users report feeling immediate benefits, such as mood enhancement and increased energy, upon consumption. For instance, one user noted that cocoa helps improve their mood and heart health almost right away (Read Review). Others have experienced positive changes related to heart health over a more extended period with consistent use, highlighting its benefits in supporting cardiovascular health and reducing blood pressure (Read Review).
While specific timeframes are not always mentioned, users generally emphasize the importance of regular intake to maximize the health benefits of cocoa. For example, one user observed improvements in overall health and heart protection with ongoing consumption (Read Review). Therefore, while some benefits may be felt quickly, a consistent regimen may yield better long-term results in heart health.
Emerging scientific research suggests that cacao, particularly in its high-flavonoid forms, may hold promise for heart health. For instance, a study revealed that regular consumption of dark chocolate leads to significant improvements in endothelial function among heart failure patients, which is critical for cardiovascular health [3]. Moreover, a large analysis demonstrated that individuals who consume chocolate in moderation may experience a 16% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart-related mortality [4]. This body of research indicates that incorporating cacao into one's diet might yield benefits for heart health.
While the findings are promising, they also emphasize the need for further exploration. Some studies have shown that specific compounds in cacao, like (-)-epicatechin, may enhance cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress and improving blood flow [16]. However, it's critical to note that high cocoa intake does not universally translate to benefits across all demographics, suggesting that effects may vary based on individual conditions such as body weight and pre-existing health issues [13]. Overall, moderate consumption of cacao-rich products appears to support heart health, but additional long-term studies are necessary to solidify these claims.
Based on user reviews, many have reported significant improvements in various symptoms after incorporating cocoa into their daily routine. Numerous users highlight an uplift in mood as a primary benefit, with one individual stating that cocoa genuinely uplifts their mood and promotes overall well-being (Read Review). Others have observed enhancements in their cardiovascular health, including better sleep quality, improved circulation, and lower blood pressure, which contributes to heart health (Read Review). The general consensus suggests that regular consumption is key to experiencing these benefits.
Additionally, some users note noticeable effects on their physical energy levels and wellness, tying the consumption of cocoa to feelings of invigoration and vitality (Read Review). Reports also indicate that cocoa supports skin health and overall health improvements, with claims that its rich antioxidant profile offers protective benefits against various health issues, including heart disease (Read Review). While individual results can vary, these anecdotal experiences highlight that cocoa may serve as a beneficial addition to a health-conscious diet.
Based on user reviews, many have found that combining cocoa with other supplements can enhance its heart health benefits. For instance, one user reported incorporating cacao powder into their daily protein drink with blueberries and pistachios, leading to noticeable improvements in their physical condition. They emphasized that cocoa flavonoids promote heart health and rejuvenate blood vessels (Read Review). Similarly, other users noted that regular cocoa consumption effectively aids in managing various symptoms related to heart disease, especially when maintained as part of a broader health-conscious lifestyle that may include other nutrients and supplements (Read Review).
Furthermore, users highlighted the versatility of cocoa, suggesting it can be mixed with a variety of ingredients, such as almond cream or oat meals, which may complement its effects. One user mentioned stirring cocoa into oats for breakfast, making it a treat that supports heart health (Read Review). Overall, the consensus is that cocoa can work synergistically with other dietary components to promote cardiovascular well-being, making it a favored choice among users dealing with heart disease.
When it comes to using cacao to support heart health, studies suggest that a daily intake of around 30 grams of dark chocolate may be optimal. In a research study focused on patients with stable coronary artery disease, consuming this amount led to enhanced effects of clopidogrel, a common antiplatelet medication, while notably reducing platelet reactivity [1]. This suggests that regular consumption of dark chocolate could be beneficial for heart disease management, but it’s essential to approach this with caution and ideally under a healthcare professional's guidance.
Moreover, another independent study indicated that consuming at least 10 grams of cocoa-rich chocolate might also help lower blood pressure and slightly improve cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women [7]. These findings highlight how moderate chocolate intake could be advantageous for heart health, but moderation remains critical. Regular indulgence, particularly in the form of dark chocolate, may offer protective benefits against heart disease when consumed responsibly, ideally complementing a broader healthy diet.
9
Rich in nutrients
16 people found this helpful
This raw cocoa is simply divine! I gravitate towards it due to its rich nutrient profile, aiding in my overall health—particularly for heart disease. Cocoa is filled with antioxidants and minerals like magnesium and iron, important for heart protection and mood enhancement. The flavour alone is enough to appreciate, but knowing it promotes health makes this a staple in my diet. I highly recommend trying it for its numerous benefits.
6
Good for heart
40 people found this helpful
This Navitas Naturals cocoa is a solid alternative to conventional cocoa. It’s made from selected beans processed at low temperatures to retain nutrients. I love its taste and find that it enhances my energy and health. Knowing it's organic and non-GMO is a big plus. Though I enjoy it with milk and sugar, I appreciate its potential benefits for heart health and overall wellness. I consider it a worthwhile investment for daily use.
9
Aids heart function
67 people found this helpful
This raw, organic cocoa is superb! I find it essential, especially as I deal with iron deficiency and stress. The magnesium it provides calms me, and it’s packed with antioxidants, so I’m supporting my heart health. After enjoying a cup, I feel uplifted due to the beneficial compounds it contains. I love its flavour and the fact that it’s not roasted, so all nutrients remain intact. I thoroughly recommend this brand for those wanting a health boost and a delicious drink.
8
Promotes heart health
366 people found this helpful
I adore this raw cocoa, which is not only delicious but beneficial for heart health. The ancient Maya and Aztecs valued cocoa highly, and with its antioxidant properties, it genuinely uplifts my mood and promotes well-being. The fact that it’s certified organic makes it even better, devoid of nasty pesticides. I enjoy it in drinks and find that it contributes positively to skin health, helping to heal and rejuvenate. It’s versatile and a must-try for anyone seeking health benefits and a lovely drink.
8.5
Boosts heart health
15 people found this helpful
I enjoy this unique chocolate taste from organic cocoa. It’s a fantastic superfood, loaded with antioxidants and essential nutrients. I find that it positively influences my mood and health, particularly regarding heart disease. The process of cold-pressing maintains its nutrient integrity, making me feel invigorated. I love the versatility of using it in various recipes, knowing I’m benefiting my health with every cup.
7.5
Promotes wellness
2 people found this helpful
This cocoa is delightful and healthful. It surprised me with its rich flavour and long shelf life. Being a superfood, it’s packed with antioxidants and is beneficial for mood enhancement. I’ve found it helps with heart disease prevention, which is significant for my health. It’s sugar-free, making it perfect for my diet. I wholeheartedly recommend it for anyone seeking a tasty, health-boosting drink.
9
Supports heart health
Navitas Organics organic cacao powder is a fantastic addition to my daily protein drink. I blend it with blueberries and pistachios, and I've noticed a notable improvement in my physical condition. This cacao powder is abundant in cocoa flavonoids, which are beneficial for health. Studies suggest that cocoa consumption can stimulate brain function and rejuvenate blood vessels, supporting heart health. The 454 g package lasts a long time and is an excellent complement to a healthy lifestyle.
7.5
Good for heart
It's good for the heart, and I have it with my oats every morning.
8
Chocolate shows heart health benefits
The Relationships Between Chocolate Consumption and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure.
We investigated how consuming milk and dark chocolate impacts heart health, particularly focusing on patients with heart failure. In our randomized crossover study involving 20 patients, we measured various heart-related parameters before and after they consumed different types of chocolate.
Remarkably, both varieties led to a significant drop in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, suggesting immediate benefits for heart failure patients. Notably, dark chocolate improved endothelial function, as indicated by increased flow-mediated dilation values.
8
Chocolate intake reduces mortality risks
Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis.
We examined the connection between chocolate consumption and long-term mortality, focusing on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart disease. Analyzing data from over 27,000 men over 30 years, we found that those who consumed higher amounts of chocolate had lower overall mortality rates and reduced risks for CVD and heart disease, showing risk reductions up to 16%. Additionally, an updated meta-analysis supported these findings, revealing that even small increases in daily chocolate intake were linked to a lower risk of CVD. Overall, moderate chocolate consumption may be beneficial for heart health.
8
Cacao improves oxidative stress metrics
(-)-Epicatechin rich cocoa mediated modulation of oxidative stress regulators in skeletal muscle of heart failure and type 2 diabetes patients.
We evaluated the effects of (-)-epicatechin rich cocoa (ERC) on oxidative stress in skeletal muscle among patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Over three months, we observed significant improvements in oxidative stress regulators.
Treatment with ERC improved glutathione levels and reduced harmful protein modifications. Additionally, in insulin-resistant mice, pure epicatechin showed similar heart-healthy benefits.
These findings suggest that cocoa can play a beneficial role in heart disease and diabetes management by mitigating oxidative stress.
7
Moderate chocolate may lower heart risk
Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study.
We explored whether consuming chocolate could lower the risk of heart failure among 20,278 male physicians in a long-term study. Over 9 years, we regularly checked their chocolate intake and heart health, finding 876 new heart failure cases.
Although the overall results showed no significant benefit for chocolate consumption across all participants, a noticeable trend emerged: men with lower body weight (BMI under 25) who enjoyed chocolate five or more times a week had a reduced risk. This suggests that for some, moderate chocolate consumption may hold heart health benefits.
8
Preliminary cacao benefits noted
Effect of cocoa ( L.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study.
We evaluated the effects of consuming 30 grams of dark chocolate daily for one week on patients with stable coronary artery disease. This study involved 20 participants already on dual antiplatelet therapy.
Our findings revealed that cacao enhanced the action of clopidogrel, significantly decreasing platelet reactivity, but did not affect aspirin's effectiveness. While these results are promising, further long-term studies are needed to confirm these effects in heart disease management.
4
Cocoa chocolate shows minimal benefits
Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This study set out to examine how 10 grams of cocoa-rich chocolate affects blood pressure and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women.
Over six months, 140 participants were split into groups, with one consuming the chocolate daily while the other abstained.
We found that while there was a slight decrease in pulse pressure for those eating chocolate, the overall benefits on heart health appeared minimal. Importantly, no adverse effects were noted from the chocolate consumption.
References
Seecheran NA, Sukha D, Grimaldos K, Grimaldos G, Richard S, et al. Effect of cocoa ( L.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study. Open Heart. 2022;9. 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002066
Bustamante-Pozo M, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Garate-Carrillo A, Ito B, Navarrete V, et al. (-)-Epicatechin Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis in a Female Rat Model of Pre-Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Med Food. 2022;25:836. 10.1089/jmf.2021.0158
Dural İE, Onrat E, Çelik S, Vurmaz A, Yalım Z, et al. The Relationships Between Chocolate Consumption and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2022;50:334. 10.5543/tkda.2022.21249
Zhao B, Gan L, Yu K, Männistö S, Huang J, et al. Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022;37:321. 10.1007/s10654-022-00858-5
Sesso HD, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rist PM, Johnson LG, et al. Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;115:1490. 10.1093/ajcn/nqac055
Sari N, Katanasaka Y, Honda H, Miyazaki Y, Sunagawa Y, et al. Cacao Bean Polyphenols Inhibit Cardiac Hypertrophy and Systolic Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure Model Mice. Planta Med. 2020;86:1304. 10.1055/a-1191-7970
Garcia-Yu IA, Garcia-Ortiz L, Gomez-Marcos MA, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Agudo-Conde C, et al. Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2020;12. 10.3390/nu12061758
Li JW, Wang XY, Zhang X, Gao L, Wang LF, et al. (‑)‑Epicatechin protects against myocardial ischemia‑induced cardiac injury via activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17:8300. 10.3892/mmr.2018.8870
Gong F, Yao S, Wan J, Gan X. Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients. 2017;9. 10.3390/nu9040402
Dower JI, Geleijnse JM, Hollman PCh, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Kromhout D. Dietary epicatechin intake and 25-y risk of cardiovascular mortality: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:58. 10.3945/ajcn.115.128819
Kwok CS, Boekholdt SM, Lentjes MA, Loke YK, Luben RN, et al. Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women. Heart. 2015;101:1279. 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307050
Petrone AB, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:1372. 10.1002/ejhf.180
Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Ortiz-Vilchis P, Vacaseydel CM, Garduño-Siciliano L, Chamorro-Cevallos G, et al. Effects of (-)-epicatechin on a diet-induced rat model of cardiometabolic risk factors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;728:24. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.053
Horn P, Amabile N, Angeli FS, Sansone R, Stegemann B, et al. Dietary flavanol intervention lowers the levels of endothelial microparticles in coronary artery disease patients. Br J Nutr. 2014;111:1245. 10.1017/S0007114513003693
Ramirez-Sanchez I, Taub PR, Ciaraldi TP, Nogueira L, Coe T, et al. (-)-Epicatechin rich cocoa mediated modulation of oxidative stress regulators in skeletal muscle of heart failure and type 2 diabetes patients. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:3982. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.089