Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 35 Researches
7.1
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 3 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
35
Total Fat
3 g
4%
Saturated Fat
0.5 g
3%
Trans Fat
0 g
†
Cholesterol
15 mg
5%
Vitamin A
30 mcg RAE
3%
Total Omega-3s
750 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
240 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
360 mg
†
Other Omega-3s
150 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Cod liver oil reduces arthritis symptoms
In a recent study, we examined the effectiveness of cod liver oil in alleviating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-three participants took 1 gram of cod liver oil daily for three months. The results were promising.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
Read More
8
We explored the potential of cod liver oil as a supportive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, particularly focusing on its ability to lessen the daily need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In a well-structured, dual-center study that spanned nine months, we involved ninety-seven RA patients. They were divided into two groups: one received 10 grams of cod liver oil loaded with omega-3 fatty acids, while the other group took placebo capsules.
Throughout the study, we carefully documented changes in NSAID consumption, disease activity, and safety outcomes at several points—initially, and then at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Notably, patients were encouraged to gradually decrease, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake by the 12-week mark.
At the end of the study, we discovered that 39% of participants taking cod liver oil reduced their NSAID dosage by more than 30%, compared to only 10% in the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in disease activity or side effects between the two groups. This suggests that cod liver oil may indeed serve as a helpful adjunct in managing RA by lessening dependence on NSAIDs.
Throughout the study, we carefully documented changes in NSAID consumption, disease activity, and safety outcomes at several points—initially, and then at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Notably, patients were encouraged to gradually decrease, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake by the 12-week mark.
At the end of the study, we discovered that 39% of participants taking cod liver oil reduced their NSAID dosage by more than 30%, compared to only 10% in the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in disease activity or side effects between the two groups. This suggests that cod liver oil may indeed serve as a helpful adjunct in managing RA by lessening dependence on NSAIDs.
Read More
8
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a key component of omega-3 fatty acids, on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis gathered data from eighteen randomized controlled trials involving over a thousand RA patients, ensuring a comprehensive look at its impact.
Our findings revealed that EPA supplementation significantly increased levels of both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, we noted a reduction in the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, which is beneficial for overall health.
Moreover, we observed that EPA led to a decrease in triglyceride levels and tender joint counts among RA patients. However, while there were slight decreases in markers of inflammation, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, these changes were not statistically significant.
Overall, our analysis supports the idea that EPA has positive effects on lipid profiles and joint tenderness for those with RA, although not all inflammatory markers showed significant improvement.
Our findings revealed that EPA supplementation significantly increased levels of both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, we noted a reduction in the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, which is beneficial for overall health.
Moreover, we observed that EPA led to a decrease in triglyceride levels and tender joint counts among RA patients. However, while there were slight decreases in markers of inflammation, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, these changes were not statistically significant.
Overall, our analysis supports the idea that EPA has positive effects on lipid profiles and joint tenderness for those with RA, although not all inflammatory markers showed significant improvement.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improved sleep quality
19 people found this helpful
Pain reduction and REM sleep and loving it!!!! Thanks to two work accidents, I have several disabling health issues, including fibromyalgia and arthritis, preventing me from sleeping. My rheumatologist suggested I try fish oil capsules for inflammation—1000mg three times a day. I found these on Amazon, cheaper than local stores. They are brilliant! After around two weeks, I now enjoy 4-6 hours of uninterrupted sleep several nights a week and even REM sleep—a true blessing. My joint pain has significantly diminished, as well as my pain-induced brain fog. I've been recommending these to others due to my success and the oil source's safety.
Read More
9
Relief from back pain
10 people found this helpful
Helps with my spinal arthritis. Although the gel caps are larger than expected, they are manageable. I don't notice any lemon flavour or aftertaste. Within four days of starting these, my back pain decreased throughout the day! I took them at night initially, but they kept me awake, so I take them in the morning. They noticeably improve my back pain from arthritis, and I can tell if I miss a dose, so I keep them handy in my kitchen.
Read More
9
Less inflammation noted
Helps my arthritis inflammation. There are no fishy burps, and the quality is excellent. I trust this company.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 35 Researches
7.1
- All Researches
9
Cod liver oil reduces arthritis symptoms
In a recent study, we examined the effectiveness of cod liver oil in alleviating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-three participants took 1 gram of cod liver oil daily for three months. The results were promising.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
Read More
9
We conducted a study to examine the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with l-serine on individuals suffering from chronic low-back and knee pain. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, ensuring rigorous evaluation of the treatment's impact.
Over the course of 12 weeks, we assessed participants using well-structured questionnaires to measure their pain levels and overall experience. Our group comprised 120 adults who, despite enduring persistent pain for more than three months, showed promising results from the active treatment.
It appears that EPA, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, alongside l-serine, which supports nerve function, provided noticeable relief from pain. By the end of the study, many participants experienced significant improvements in their pain scores, suggesting that this combination could be a valuable option for those managing arthritis-related discomfort.
It's encouraging to see how l-serine and EPA can help enhance the quality of life for individuals struggling with painful conditions, reinforcing their importance as potential treatments for arthritis-related pain.
Over the course of 12 weeks, we assessed participants using well-structured questionnaires to measure their pain levels and overall experience. Our group comprised 120 adults who, despite enduring persistent pain for more than three months, showed promising results from the active treatment.
It appears that EPA, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, alongside l-serine, which supports nerve function, provided noticeable relief from pain. By the end of the study, many participants experienced significant improvements in their pain scores, suggesting that this combination could be a valuable option for those managing arthritis-related discomfort.
It's encouraging to see how l-serine and EPA can help enhance the quality of life for individuals struggling with painful conditions, reinforcing their importance as potential treatments for arthritis-related pain.
Read More
9
We investigated the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on osteoarthritis (OA) progression through an innovative approach involving gelatin hydrogels. In our study, we divided ten-week-old male mice into six different groups, each receiving various treatments after undergoing surgery that mimicked OA. This design allowed us to effectively compare the benefits of EPA delivered directly and through hydrogels.
Our findings revealed that when EPA was delivered in gelatin hydrogels, it significantly outperformed EPA injection alone in slowing down OA progression. Specifically, we measured several inflammatory markers and found that the group receiving the gelatin hydrogels exhibited lower levels of harmful proteins linked to inflammation and cartilage damage compared to those receiving just the EPA injections.
This suggests that the controlled release of EPA from these hydrogels can be a promising new strategy for treating OA. The potential benefits of gelatin hydrogels in enhancing the effectiveness of EPA treatment present a valuable insight for future therapeutic approaches addressing arthritis.
Our findings revealed that when EPA was delivered in gelatin hydrogels, it significantly outperformed EPA injection alone in slowing down OA progression. Specifically, we measured several inflammatory markers and found that the group receiving the gelatin hydrogels exhibited lower levels of harmful proteins linked to inflammation and cartilage damage compared to those receiving just the EPA injections.
This suggests that the controlled release of EPA from these hydrogels can be a promising new strategy for treating OA. The potential benefits of gelatin hydrogels in enhancing the effectiveness of EPA treatment present a valuable insight for future therapeutic approaches addressing arthritis.
Read More
9
Docosahexaenoic acid reduces arthritis
We examined the effects of lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on arthritis, particularly focusing on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study utilized a model involving mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) and RAW264.7 cells to investigate the role of these mediators in reducing inflammation and joint damage.
The lipid mediators were produced by soybean lipoxygenase from DHA and included substances known for their anti-inflammatory properties. We found that these mediators significantly reduced symptoms in CAIA mice, evidenced by decreased paw swelling and reduced progression of arthritis. In the cellular studies, these mediators inhibited the formation of bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts, while also downregulating key inflammatory markers.
Following treatment, there were notable improvements in serum cytokine levels, with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, joint inflammation and damage were reduced, hinting at a complex relationship involving various signaling pathways.
These findings indicate that lipid mediators derived from DHA may offer a promising approach to alleviating symptoms of RA, though the precise individual contributions of DHA alone are difficult to isolate due to the presence of other components in the intervention.
The lipid mediators were produced by soybean lipoxygenase from DHA and included substances known for their anti-inflammatory properties. We found that these mediators significantly reduced symptoms in CAIA mice, evidenced by decreased paw swelling and reduced progression of arthritis. In the cellular studies, these mediators inhibited the formation of bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts, while also downregulating key inflammatory markers.
Following treatment, there were notable improvements in serum cytokine levels, with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, joint inflammation and damage were reduced, hinting at a complex relationship involving various signaling pathways.
These findings indicate that lipid mediators derived from DHA may offer a promising approach to alleviating symptoms of RA, though the precise individual contributions of DHA alone are difficult to isolate due to the presence of other components in the intervention.
Read More
9
We set out to investigate how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid known for its health benefits, can affect osteoarthritis (OA), a common degenerative joint disease, particularly among older adults. Using both human chondrocyte models stimulated by IL-1β and rat models created through surgical methods, we aimed to understand DHA's potential to impact chondrocyte behavior and cartilage health.
Our observations revealed that DHA significantly promotes the growth of chondrocytes while reducing cell death, which is a key concern in OA. Notably, we found an increase in autophagosomes—structures that help break down cellular waste—within cells treated with DHA, suggesting enhanced cell health.
In comparing groups, those treated with DHA exhibited healthier cartilage characterized by thickened tissue and a decrease in degeneration when compared to the untreated OA group. We also noted an increase in collagen production, vital for maintaining joint structure. The biochemical analysis indicated that DHA potentially exerts its effects by inhibiting certain pathways associated with cell growth and stress responses, thus enhancing chondrocyte proliferation and survival.
Overall, our findings contribute valuable insights into how DHA can be leveraged as a therapeutic approach for OA, emphasizing its role in protecting and restoring cartilage health.
Our observations revealed that DHA significantly promotes the growth of chondrocytes while reducing cell death, which is a key concern in OA. Notably, we found an increase in autophagosomes—structures that help break down cellular waste—within cells treated with DHA, suggesting enhanced cell health.
In comparing groups, those treated with DHA exhibited healthier cartilage characterized by thickened tissue and a decrease in degeneration when compared to the untreated OA group. We also noted an increase in collagen production, vital for maintaining joint structure. The biochemical analysis indicated that DHA potentially exerts its effects by inhibiting certain pathways associated with cell growth and stress responses, thus enhancing chondrocyte proliferation and survival.
Overall, our findings contribute valuable insights into how DHA can be leveraged as a therapeutic approach for OA, emphasizing its role in protecting and restoring cartilage health.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.5
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Improved sleep quality
19 people found this helpful
Pain reduction and REM sleep and loving it!!!! Thanks to two work accidents, I have several disabling health issues, including fibromyalgia and arthritis, preventing me from sleeping. My rheumatologist suggested I try fish oil capsules for inflammation—1000mg three times a day. I found these on Amazon, cheaper than local stores. They are brilliant! After around two weeks, I now enjoy 4-6 hours of uninterrupted sleep several nights a week and even REM sleep—a true blessing. My joint pain has significantly diminished, as well as my pain-induced brain fog. I've been recommending these to others due to my success and the oil source's safety.
Read More
9
Relief from back pain
10 people found this helpful
Helps with my spinal arthritis. Although the gel caps are larger than expected, they are manageable. I don't notice any lemon flavour or aftertaste. Within four days of starting these, my back pain decreased throughout the day! I took them at night initially, but they kept me awake, so I take them in the morning. They noticeably improve my back pain from arthritis, and I can tell if I miss a dose, so I keep them handy in my kitchen.
Read More
9
Less inflammation noted
Helps my arthritis inflammation. There are no fishy burps, and the quality is excellent. I trust this company.
Read More
7.5
Highly recommended for arthritis
10 people found this helpful
My mother uses this for her rheumatoid arthritis and swears by this company over others she has tried. She believes this company is effective.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Less inflammation noted
Helps my arthritis inflammation. There are no fishy burps, and the quality is excellent. I trust this company.
8
We explored the potential of cod liver oil as a supportive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, particularly focusing on its ability to lessen the daily need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In a well-structured, dual-center study that spanned nine months, we involved ninety-seven RA patients. They were divided into two groups: one received 10 grams of cod liver oil loaded with omega-3 fatty acids, while the other group took placebo capsules.
Throughout the study, we carefully documented changes in NSAID consumption, disease activity, and safety outcomes at several points—initially, and then at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Notably, patients were encouraged to gradually decrease, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake by the 12-week mark.
At the end of the study, we discovered that 39% of participants taking cod liver oil reduced their NSAID dosage by more than 30%, compared to only 10% in the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in disease activity or side effects between the two groups. This suggests that cod liver oil may indeed serve as a helpful adjunct in managing RA by lessening dependence on NSAIDs.
Throughout the study, we carefully documented changes in NSAID consumption, disease activity, and safety outcomes at several points—initially, and then at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Notably, patients were encouraged to gradually decrease, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake by the 12-week mark.
At the end of the study, we discovered that 39% of participants taking cod liver oil reduced their NSAID dosage by more than 30%, compared to only 10% in the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in disease activity or side effects between the two groups. This suggests that cod liver oil may indeed serve as a helpful adjunct in managing RA by lessening dependence on NSAIDs.
9
Cod liver oil reduces arthritis symptoms
In a recent study, we examined the effectiveness of cod liver oil in alleviating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-three participants took 1 gram of cod liver oil daily for three months. The results were promising.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
We observed significant reductions in morning stiffness, with an impressive 52.4% improvement. Additionally, patients reported a 42.7% decrease in painful joints and a 40% reduction in swollen joints. Pain intensity also saw a notable decline of 67.5%.
When asked about their experience, 68% of patients rated the treatment as "good" or "very good" in terms of effectiveness, and an impressive 95% found it tolerable. While some patients reported nonsevere side effects, three of those reactions might have been linked to the cod liver oil.
Overall, we find that cod liver oil could be a beneficial addition to treatment options for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.
2
We embarked on an exploration to assess the effectiveness of cod liver oil when used alongside non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for managing arthritis. In a carefully designed double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 86 patients participated, receiving either 10 ml of cod liver oil or an olive oil placebo daily for 24 weeks while continuing their regular NSAID treatment.
Throughout the study, patients were monitored by their general practitioners every four weeks, focusing on joint pain, levels of inflammation, and how much arthritis disrupted their daily activities. Additionally, participants recorded their pain levels on a visual scale to quantify its impact on their day-to-day lives.
Unfortunately, we found no significant benefits for those taking cod liver oil compared to those on the placebo. This suggests that while cod liver oil might be a popular supplement, it did not provide the expected improvement when used in conjunction with NSAIDs for treating arthritis.
Throughout the study, patients were monitored by their general practitioners every four weeks, focusing on joint pain, levels of inflammation, and how much arthritis disrupted their daily activities. Additionally, participants recorded their pain levels on a visual scale to quantify its impact on their day-to-day lives.
Unfortunately, we found no significant benefits for those taking cod liver oil compared to those on the placebo. This suggests that while cod liver oil might be a popular supplement, it did not provide the expected improvement when used in conjunction with NSAIDs for treating arthritis.
References
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- Galarraga B, Ho M, Youssef HM, Hill A, McMahon H, et al. Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:665. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken024
- Vermel' AE. [Clinical application of omega-3-fatty acids (cod-liver oil)]. Klin Med (Mosk). 2005;83:51.
- Curtis CL, Harwood JL, Dent CM, Caterson B. Biological basis for the benefit of nutraceutical supplementation in arthritis. Drug Discov Today. 2004;9:165.
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- Blaser J, Triebel S, Maasjosthusmann U, Romisch J, Krahl-Mateblowski U, et al. Determination of metalloproteinases, plasminogen-activators and their inhibitors in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during chemical synoviorthesis. Clin Chim Acta. 1996;244:17.
- Stammers T, Sibbald B, Freeling P. Efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51:128.
- Wang W, Xu Y, Zhou J, Zang Y. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rheumatol. 2024;43:2479. doi:10.1007/s10067-024-07040-0
- Jannas-Vela S, Candia AA, Peñailillo L, Barrios-Troncoso P, Zapata-Urzúa J, et al. Role of specialized pro-resolving mediators on inflammation, cardiometabolic health, disease progression, and quality of life after omega-3 PUFA supplementation and aerobic exercise training in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized 16-week, placebo-controlled interventional trial. F1000Res. 2023;12:942. doi:10.12688/f1000research.138392.1
- Deng C, Presle N, Pizard A, Guillaume C, Bianchi A, et al. Beneficial Impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Adverse Effects Induced by Palmitate and Hyperglycemia on Healthy Rat Chondrocyte. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. doi:10.3390/ijms25031810
- Poggioli R, Hirani K, Jogani VG, Ricordi C. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids: a possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27:7380. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202308_33310
- Wadell AT, Bärebring L, Hulander E, Gjertsson I, Landberg R, et al. Dietary biomarkers and food records indicate compliance to study diets in the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1209787. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1209787
- Marchand NE, Choi MY, Oakes EG, Cook NR, Stevens E, et al. Over-the-counter fish oil supplementation and pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023;190:102542. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542
- Lindqvist HM, Winkvist A, Gjertsson I, Calder PC, Armando AM, et al. Influence of Dietary n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Oxylipins in Erythrocytes of Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules. 2023;28. doi:10.3390/molecules28020717
- Kuang X, Shao X, Li H, Jiang D, Gao T, et al. Lipid extract from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) improves glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2023;103:2970. doi:10.1002/jsfa.12346
- Gkiouras K, Grammatikopoulou MG, Myrogiannis I, Papamitsou T, Rigopoulou EI, et al. Efficacy of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis' disease activity indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64:16. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2104210
- Stonehouse W, Benassi-Evans B, Bednarz J, Vincent AD, Hall S, et al. Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;116:672. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac125
- Eckert T, Jährling-Butkus M, Louton H, Burg-Roderfeld M, Zhang R, et al. Efficacy of Chondroprotective Food Supplements Based on Collagen Hydrolysate and Compounds Isolated from Marine Organisms. Mar Drugs. 2021;19. doi:10.3390/md19100542
- Ceotto BH, Figueroba SR, Ferreira LEN, Amorim KS, Sánchez JB, et al. The effect of association of aspirin and omega 3 in rat temporomandibular joint with induced arthritis. Ann Anat. 2022;239:151812. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151812
- Fan Z, Ross RP, Stanton C, Hou B, Zhao J, et al. CCFM1074 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats Balancing Treg/Th17 and Modulating the Metabolites and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol. 2021;12:680073. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.680073
- Sasahara I, Yamamoto A, Takeshita M, Suga Y, Suzuki K, et al. l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020;150:2278. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa156
- Brown Z, Metcalf R, Bednarz J, Spargo L, Lee A, et al. Modifiable Lifestyle Factors Associated With Response to Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020;2:371. doi:10.1002/acr2.11132
- Tsubosaka M, Kihara S, Hayashi S, Nagata J, Kuwahara T, et al. Gelatin hydrogels with eicosapentaenoic acid can prevent osteoarthritis progression in vivo in a mouse model. J Orthop Res. 2020;38:2157. doi:10.1002/jor.24688
- Gowler PRW, Arendt-Tranholm A, Turnbull J, Jha RR, Onion D, et al. Monocyte eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling differentiates 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid levels and pain. iScience. 2025;28:111862. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.111862
- Franks SJ, Gowler PRW, Dunster JL, Turnbull J, Gohir SA, et al. Modelling the role of enzymatic pathways in the metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid by monocytes and its association with osteoarthritic pain. Math Biosci. 2024;374:109228. doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109228
- Su Y, Han Y, Choi HS, Lee GY, Cho HW, et al. Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;171:116153. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116153
- Yu H, Gong Z, Wang G, Cao R, Yin H, et al. DHA attenuates cartilage degeneration by mediating apoptosis and autophagy in human chondrocytes and rat models of osteoarthritis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2023;59:455. doi:10.1007/s11626-023-00781-3
- Léger T, Brun A, Lanchais K, Rigaudière JP, Briat A, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid and etanercept could reduce functional and metabolic alterations during collagen-induced arthritis in rats without any synergistic effect. Life Sci. 2023;327:121826. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121826
- Rondanelli M, Patelli Z, Gasparri C, Mansueto F, Ferraris C, et al. Very low calorie ketogenic diet and common rheumatic disorders: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11:1985. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i9.1985
- Jeong M, Shin JI, Cho J, Jeon YJ, Kim JH, et al. DHA Induces Cell Death through the Production of ROS and the Upregulation of CHOP in Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells from Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. doi:10.3390/ijms24021734
- Xie R, Zhang Y. Association between 19 dietary fatty acids intake and rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a nationwide survey. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023;188:102530. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102530
- Feng L, Yang Z, Li Y, Hou N, Yang B, et al. Malat1 attenuated the rescuing effects of docosahexaenoic acid on osteoarthritis treatment via repressing its chondroprotective and chondrogenesis activities. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;154:113608. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113608
- Oppedisano F, Bulotta RM, Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, et al. The Role of Nutraceuticals in Osteoarthritis Prevention and Treatment: Focus on n-3 PUFAs. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:4878562. doi:10.1155/2021/4878562
- Chang CK, Chen PK, Chen CC, Chang SH, Chen CH, et al. Increased Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and DHA Are Linked to Pain Reduction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Janus Kinase Inhibitors. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13093050
- Christmann U, Hancock CL, Poole CM, Emery AL, Poovey JR, et al. Dynamics of DHA and EPA supplementation: incorporation into equine plasma, synovial fluid, and surfactant glycerophosphocholines. Metabolomics. 2021;17:41. doi:10.1007/s11306-021-01792-5
