Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 28 Researches
7.5
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.8
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
10
Total Fat
1 g
1%
Saturated Fat
0 g
0%
Trans Fat
0 g
†
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
67%
Total Omega-3s♦
830 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
205 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
480 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9.5
We conducted a 12-week study to explore how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affects individuals suffering from episodic migraines. In our trial, 70 participants were randomly split into two groups—one received 2 grams of fish oil with 1.8 grams of pure EPA daily, while the other group got a placebo made of soybean oil.
The results were quite promising. Those taking EPA reported a significant reduction in the number of migraine days per month, averaging about 4.4 fewer days compared to just 0.6 fewer days in the placebo group. We also noticed a decline in the usage of medication to treat headache symptoms among those taking EPA.
Additionally, participants experienced less severe headaches and improved psychological wellbeing, as indicated by better scores in anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life measures. Notably, women seemed to benefit even more from EPA.
Overall, it appears that high-dose EPA can be an effective preventive treatment for episodic migraines, helping to ease frequency, severity, and even the emotional toll associated with chronic headaches. Importantly, the treatment was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported.
The results were quite promising. Those taking EPA reported a significant reduction in the number of migraine days per month, averaging about 4.4 fewer days compared to just 0.6 fewer days in the placebo group. We also noticed a decline in the usage of medication to treat headache symptoms among those taking EPA.
Additionally, participants experienced less severe headaches and improved psychological wellbeing, as indicated by better scores in anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life measures. Notably, women seemed to benefit even more from EPA.
Overall, it appears that high-dose EPA can be an effective preventive treatment for episodic migraines, helping to ease frequency, severity, and even the emotional toll associated with chronic headaches. Importantly, the treatment was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported.
Read More
9
We conducted a rigorous study to explore how vitamin D3 supplementation might influence headaches in people suffering from migraines. By utilizing a well-structured, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, we included 80 participants with episodic migraines, assigning them either a daily dose of vitamin D3 or a placebo for 12 weeks.
After the study, we observed significant improvements in those receiving vitamin D3. Participants reported fewer headache days each month, shorter headache durations, and less severe pain overall. They also used fewer pain relievers compared to those on placebo, showcasing the potential benefit of vitamin D3 in managing migraine symptoms.
Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 not only aids in reducing headache frequency but may also play a role in addressing inflammation, as evidenced by reduced levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood. This highlights its possible therapeutic value for migraine sufferers, indicating that a daily dose could make a meaningful difference in their lives.
After the study, we observed significant improvements in those receiving vitamin D3. Participants reported fewer headache days each month, shorter headache durations, and less severe pain overall. They also used fewer pain relievers compared to those on placebo, showcasing the potential benefit of vitamin D3 in managing migraine symptoms.
Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 not only aids in reducing headache frequency but may also play a role in addressing inflammation, as evidenced by reduced levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood. This highlights its possible therapeutic value for migraine sufferers, indicating that a daily dose could make a meaningful difference in their lives.
Read More
8
We conducted a rigorous study to determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation could help improve the lives of adults suffering from migraines. Our approach involved a well-structured, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, which included 36 women and 12 men, aged between 18 to 65 years.
Participants underwent a 4-week baseline period before being randomly assigned to receive either 100 μg/day of D3 vitamin or a placebo for 24 weeks. Throughout the study, we kept track of migraine attacks and various symptoms through self-reported diaries, logging important details like the frequency and severity of their migraines.
Our findings were quite promising. Those taking D3 vitamin experienced fewer migraine days compared to those on the placebo, suggesting that vitamin D3 could serve as an effective preventative treatment for migraine management. However, we noted that further studies with larger sample sizes would be beneficial to solidify these claims and fully understand the potential role of vitamin D3 in migraine prevention.
Participants underwent a 4-week baseline period before being randomly assigned to receive either 100 μg/day of D3 vitamin or a placebo for 24 weeks. Throughout the study, we kept track of migraine attacks and various symptoms through self-reported diaries, logging important details like the frequency and severity of their migraines.
Our findings were quite promising. Those taking D3 vitamin experienced fewer migraine days compared to those on the placebo, suggesting that vitamin D3 could serve as an effective preventative treatment for migraine management. However, we noted that further studies with larger sample sizes would be beneficial to solidify these claims and fully understand the potential role of vitamin D3 in migraine prevention.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
10
Headache relief
12 people found this helpful
Very good supplement! I started taking fish oil during my second trimester after experiencing frequent headaches. Remarkably, within a month of taking it, I only had one headache! This really is a miracle for me. It's rather pricy, but it works well.
Read More
10
No allergic reactions
1 people found this helpful
This is the only prenatal DHA vitamin that hasn't caused me any adverse reactions like headaches or rashes. I've taken it throughout my pregnancy and continue to do so while breastfeeding.
Read More
10
Headache cessation
Good quality product with fast delivery and secure packaging. The capsules are somewhat large, but I have no trouble swallowing them. I've noticed beneficial effects, especially with headaches and fatigue, after only ten days of use. My mood has improved significantly.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 28 Researches
7.5
- All Researches
9.5
We conducted a study to explore the effectiveness of simvastatin combined with vitamin D3 in preventing headaches for adults suffering from episodic migraines. The study involved 57 participants who were randomly assigned either the active treatment or a placebo for 24 weeks, following a 12-week baseline period.
Our findings revealed that those taking simvastatin and vitamin D3 experienced a meaningful reduction in the number of migraine days compared to those on the placebo. In fact, participants on the active treatment saw their migraine days decrease by an average of 8 days during the first 12 weeks, and 9 days during the subsequent weeks, with a statistically significant difference that supports the treatment's effectiveness.
It's also worth mentioning that 25% of the participants on simvastatin and vitamin D3 achieved at least a 50% reduction in migraine days at 12 weeks, which increased to 29% by 24 weeks. This is in stark contrast to just 3% of participants in the placebo group. Importantly, the occurrence of side effects was similar between the groups, suggesting that the treatment was well-tolerated.
Overall, we observed a promising potential for simvastatin and vitamin D3 as a preventative option for those grappling with chronic migraines, while also considering the broader health implications regarding vascular health.
Our findings revealed that those taking simvastatin and vitamin D3 experienced a meaningful reduction in the number of migraine days compared to those on the placebo. In fact, participants on the active treatment saw their migraine days decrease by an average of 8 days during the first 12 weeks, and 9 days during the subsequent weeks, with a statistically significant difference that supports the treatment's effectiveness.
It's also worth mentioning that 25% of the participants on simvastatin and vitamin D3 achieved at least a 50% reduction in migraine days at 12 weeks, which increased to 29% by 24 weeks. This is in stark contrast to just 3% of participants in the placebo group. Importantly, the occurrence of side effects was similar between the groups, suggesting that the treatment was well-tolerated.
Overall, we observed a promising potential for simvastatin and vitamin D3 as a preventative option for those grappling with chronic migraines, while also considering the broader health implications regarding vascular health.
Read More
9.5
We conducted a 12-week study to explore how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affects individuals suffering from episodic migraines. In our trial, 70 participants were randomly split into two groups—one received 2 grams of fish oil with 1.8 grams of pure EPA daily, while the other group got a placebo made of soybean oil.
The results were quite promising. Those taking EPA reported a significant reduction in the number of migraine days per month, averaging about 4.4 fewer days compared to just 0.6 fewer days in the placebo group. We also noticed a decline in the usage of medication to treat headache symptoms among those taking EPA.
Additionally, participants experienced less severe headaches and improved psychological wellbeing, as indicated by better scores in anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life measures. Notably, women seemed to benefit even more from EPA.
Overall, it appears that high-dose EPA can be an effective preventive treatment for episodic migraines, helping to ease frequency, severity, and even the emotional toll associated with chronic headaches. Importantly, the treatment was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported.
The results were quite promising. Those taking EPA reported a significant reduction in the number of migraine days per month, averaging about 4.4 fewer days compared to just 0.6 fewer days in the placebo group. We also noticed a decline in the usage of medication to treat headache symptoms among those taking EPA.
Additionally, participants experienced less severe headaches and improved psychological wellbeing, as indicated by better scores in anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life measures. Notably, women seemed to benefit even more from EPA.
Overall, it appears that high-dose EPA can be an effective preventive treatment for episodic migraines, helping to ease frequency, severity, and even the emotional toll associated with chronic headaches. Importantly, the treatment was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported.
Read More
9
We aimed to explore the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on headaches in children undergoing treatment with topiramate for migraines. In a carefully designed double-blind clinical trial, we involved children aged 5 to 14 years who were experiencing migraines. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: one received topiramate with vitamin D3 supplements, while the other received topiramate along with a placebo.
Over four months, we noted significant enhancements in the group taking vitamin D3. Specifically, this group showed a greater reduction in the frequency of headache attacks and overall migraine disability compared to the placebo group. We observed that 76% of children in the vitamin D3 group reported good responses to the treatment, compared to only 54% in the placebo group.
Importantly, while both groups experienced side effects, those in the vitamin D3 group reported fewer issues. Thus, we found vitamin D3 supplementation to be a well-tolerated and effective addition to topiramate therapy for managing pediatric migraines.
Over four months, we noted significant enhancements in the group taking vitamin D3. Specifically, this group showed a greater reduction in the frequency of headache attacks and overall migraine disability compared to the placebo group. We observed that 76% of children in the vitamin D3 group reported good responses to the treatment, compared to only 54% in the placebo group.
Importantly, while both groups experienced side effects, those in the vitamin D3 group reported fewer issues. Thus, we found vitamin D3 supplementation to be a well-tolerated and effective addition to topiramate therapy for managing pediatric migraines.
Read More
9
In exploring the treatment for headaches associated with post-COVID-19 giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, we observed that vitamin D3 was included alongside more traditional therapies. This was part of a comprehensive treatment approach that also involved pulse methylprednisolone and perineural injection therapy.
While the main focus of treatment appeared to be on corticosteroids and pain management strategies, the exact effect of vitamin D3 on headache relief remains unclear. Since the headaches notably persisted through early treatment stages and improved significantly after additional intervention, we can't conclusively state the efficacy of vitamin D3 in alleviating headache symptoms from this case alone.
It's worth noting that individual responses to treatments can vary widely, and further dedicated studies would be necessary to understand vitamin D3's specific role in headache management. For now, combining it with other treatments was part of a broader strategy to achieve recovery.
While the main focus of treatment appeared to be on corticosteroids and pain management strategies, the exact effect of vitamin D3 on headache relief remains unclear. Since the headaches notably persisted through early treatment stages and improved significantly after additional intervention, we can't conclusively state the efficacy of vitamin D3 in alleviating headache symptoms from this case alone.
It's worth noting that individual responses to treatments can vary widely, and further dedicated studies would be necessary to understand vitamin D3's specific role in headache management. For now, combining it with other treatments was part of a broader strategy to achieve recovery.
Read More
9
Atorvastatin aids migraine control
We explored the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and migraine management in a study involving 68 patients suffering from migraine with aura. Before treatment, participants underwent vitamin D3 level evaluations, and those found to be deficient received vitamin D supplementation. However, while we investigated the effectiveness of adding atorvastatin to sodium valproate for better control of migraine symptoms, the specific effects of vitamin D3 alone on headache were not isolated in this study.
The results indicated that incorporating atorvastatin significantly reduced the severity of pain and the number of attacks. Participants in the atorvastatin group also reported higher satisfaction with their treatment compared to those receiving a placebo. Nonetheless, since the detailed effects of vitamin D3 on headaches were not independently assessed, we can’t conclude anything definitive about its role in headache management from this study alone.
Overall, while statins like atorvastatin show promise in treating migraine, our study did not directly evaluate the benefits of vitamin D3 on headache relief. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin D3's impact in this area.
The results indicated that incorporating atorvastatin significantly reduced the severity of pain and the number of attacks. Participants in the atorvastatin group also reported higher satisfaction with their treatment compared to those receiving a placebo. Nonetheless, since the detailed effects of vitamin D3 on headaches were not independently assessed, we can’t conclude anything definitive about its role in headache management from this study alone.
Overall, while statins like atorvastatin show promise in treating migraine, our study did not directly evaluate the benefits of vitamin D3 on headache relief. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin D3's impact in this area.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.8
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
10
Headache relief
12 people found this helpful
Very good supplement! I started taking fish oil during my second trimester after experiencing frequent headaches. Remarkably, within a month of taking it, I only had one headache! This really is a miracle for me. It's rather pricy, but it works well.
Read More
10
No allergic reactions
1 people found this helpful
This is the only prenatal DHA vitamin that hasn't caused me any adverse reactions like headaches or rashes. I've taken it throughout my pregnancy and continue to do so while breastfeeding.
Read More
10
Headache cessation
Good quality product with fast delivery and secure packaging. The capsules are somewhat large, but I have no trouble swallowing them. I've noticed beneficial effects, especially with headaches and fatigue, after only ten days of use. My mood has improved significantly.
Read More
7.5
Reduced headaches
1 people found this helpful
I feel positive about this brand. Initially, I had unusual headaches, but they stopped. The capsules are easy to swallow, and there's no unpleasant smell or taste. The dosage in two capsules allows flexibility, making it easier to adjust as needed.
Read More
7.5
No issues reported
No headaches experienced! When they were made in summer, my capsules clumped together, but this delivery was fine and intact.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
10
Headache relief
12 people found this helpful
Very good supplement! I started taking fish oil during my second trimester after experiencing frequent headaches. Remarkably, within a month of taking it, I only had one headache! This really is a miracle for me. It's rather pricy, but it works well.
10
Headache cessation
Good quality product with fast delivery and secure packaging. The capsules are somewhat large, but I have no trouble swallowing them. I've noticed beneficial effects, especially with headaches and fatigue, after only ten days of use. My mood has improved significantly.
7.5
No issues reported
No headaches experienced! When they were made in summer, my capsules clumped together, but this delivery was fine and intact.
10
No allergic reactions
1 people found this helpful
This is the only prenatal DHA vitamin that hasn't caused me any adverse reactions like headaches or rashes. I've taken it throughout my pregnancy and continue to do so while breastfeeding.
7.5
Reduced headaches
1 people found this helpful
I feel positive about this brand. Initially, I had unusual headaches, but they stopped. The capsules are easy to swallow, and there's no unpleasant smell or taste. The dosage in two capsules allows flexibility, making it easier to adjust as needed.
9
We aimed to explore the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on headaches in children undergoing treatment with topiramate for migraines. In a carefully designed double-blind clinical trial, we involved children aged 5 to 14 years who were experiencing migraines. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: one received topiramate with vitamin D3 supplements, while the other received topiramate along with a placebo.
Over four months, we noted significant enhancements in the group taking vitamin D3. Specifically, this group showed a greater reduction in the frequency of headache attacks and overall migraine disability compared to the placebo group. We observed that 76% of children in the vitamin D3 group reported good responses to the treatment, compared to only 54% in the placebo group.
Importantly, while both groups experienced side effects, those in the vitamin D3 group reported fewer issues. Thus, we found vitamin D3 supplementation to be a well-tolerated and effective addition to topiramate therapy for managing pediatric migraines.
Over four months, we noted significant enhancements in the group taking vitamin D3. Specifically, this group showed a greater reduction in the frequency of headache attacks and overall migraine disability compared to the placebo group. We observed that 76% of children in the vitamin D3 group reported good responses to the treatment, compared to only 54% in the placebo group.
Importantly, while both groups experienced side effects, those in the vitamin D3 group reported fewer issues. Thus, we found vitamin D3 supplementation to be a well-tolerated and effective addition to topiramate therapy for managing pediatric migraines.
We conducted a thorough investigation into how vitamin D3 might influence headache symptoms in people suffering from episodic migraines. By setting up a structured 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 80 participants, we aimed to gain a clearer understanding of this relationship.
Participants were divided into two groups: one received a daily dose of 2000 IU of vitamin D, while the other group received a placebo. Throughout this period, we encouraged patients to keep headache diaries and utilized a migraine disability assessment questionnaire to track their progress. We also measured interictal serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key player in migraine pain, using an ELISA method.
Our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation may improve migraine characteristics and reduce disability, especially for those with migraine with aura. This possible improvement might be linked to lower CGRP levels, suggesting an intriguing connection between vitamin D and migraine management.
However, while our results are promising, further research is essential to verify these outcomes and fully understand the mechanisms at play. We believe that this study opens new avenues for exploring the benefits of vitamin D in migraine treatment.
Participants were divided into two groups: one received a daily dose of 2000 IU of vitamin D, while the other group received a placebo. Throughout this period, we encouraged patients to keep headache diaries and utilized a migraine disability assessment questionnaire to track their progress. We also measured interictal serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key player in migraine pain, using an ELISA method.
Our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation may improve migraine characteristics and reduce disability, especially for those with migraine with aura. This possible improvement might be linked to lower CGRP levels, suggesting an intriguing connection between vitamin D and migraine management.
However, while our results are promising, further research is essential to verify these outcomes and fully understand the mechanisms at play. We believe that this study opens new avenues for exploring the benefits of vitamin D in migraine treatment.
5
We delved into the intriguing connection between vitamin D and primary headaches, specifically migraines and tension-type headaches. Our review analyzed various studies up until October 2019, drawing on data from reputable clinical databases. We looked at a total of 22 studies focused on serum vitamin D levels related to headaches, with eight also exploring the effects of vitamin D supplementation.
Interestingly, 18 of these studies found a notable relationship between serum vitamin D levels and headache occurrence, highlighting a particularly strong link with migraines. While this suggests that vitamin D levels may influence headache frequency, we also noted that the evidence is not robust enough to universally recommend vitamin D supplementation for all individuals experiencing headaches.
However, for those suffering from migraines and particularly for individuals with vitamin D deficiency, supplementing with vitamin D might help lessen the intensity or frequency of headaches. Overall, it appears that there could be benefits for specific groups, but more research is needed to clarify the overall impact of vitamin D3 treatment on headaches.
Interestingly, 18 of these studies found a notable relationship between serum vitamin D levels and headache occurrence, highlighting a particularly strong link with migraines. While this suggests that vitamin D levels may influence headache frequency, we also noted that the evidence is not robust enough to universally recommend vitamin D supplementation for all individuals experiencing headaches.
However, for those suffering from migraines and particularly for individuals with vitamin D deficiency, supplementing with vitamin D might help lessen the intensity or frequency of headaches. Overall, it appears that there could be benefits for specific groups, but more research is needed to clarify the overall impact of vitamin D3 treatment on headaches.
9
Atorvastatin aids migraine control
We explored the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and migraine management in a study involving 68 patients suffering from migraine with aura. Before treatment, participants underwent vitamin D3 level evaluations, and those found to be deficient received vitamin D supplementation. However, while we investigated the effectiveness of adding atorvastatin to sodium valproate for better control of migraine symptoms, the specific effects of vitamin D3 alone on headache were not isolated in this study.
The results indicated that incorporating atorvastatin significantly reduced the severity of pain and the number of attacks. Participants in the atorvastatin group also reported higher satisfaction with their treatment compared to those receiving a placebo. Nonetheless, since the detailed effects of vitamin D3 on headaches were not independently assessed, we can’t conclude anything definitive about its role in headache management from this study alone.
Overall, while statins like atorvastatin show promise in treating migraine, our study did not directly evaluate the benefits of vitamin D3 on headache relief. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin D3's impact in this area.
The results indicated that incorporating atorvastatin significantly reduced the severity of pain and the number of attacks. Participants in the atorvastatin group also reported higher satisfaction with their treatment compared to those receiving a placebo. Nonetheless, since the detailed effects of vitamin D3 on headaches were not independently assessed, we can’t conclude anything definitive about its role in headache management from this study alone.
Overall, while statins like atorvastatin show promise in treating migraine, our study did not directly evaluate the benefits of vitamin D3 on headache relief. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin D3's impact in this area.
9
In exploring the treatment for headaches associated with post-COVID-19 giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, we observed that vitamin D3 was included alongside more traditional therapies. This was part of a comprehensive treatment approach that also involved pulse methylprednisolone and perineural injection therapy.
While the main focus of treatment appeared to be on corticosteroids and pain management strategies, the exact effect of vitamin D3 on headache relief remains unclear. Since the headaches notably persisted through early treatment stages and improved significantly after additional intervention, we can't conclusively state the efficacy of vitamin D3 in alleviating headache symptoms from this case alone.
It's worth noting that individual responses to treatments can vary widely, and further dedicated studies would be necessary to understand vitamin D3's specific role in headache management. For now, combining it with other treatments was part of a broader strategy to achieve recovery.
While the main focus of treatment appeared to be on corticosteroids and pain management strategies, the exact effect of vitamin D3 on headache relief remains unclear. Since the headaches notably persisted through early treatment stages and improved significantly after additional intervention, we can't conclusively state the efficacy of vitamin D3 in alleviating headache symptoms from this case alone.
It's worth noting that individual responses to treatments can vary widely, and further dedicated studies would be necessary to understand vitamin D3's specific role in headache management. For now, combining it with other treatments was part of a broader strategy to achieve recovery.
References
- Kotb Elmala M, Suliman HA, Al-Shokary AH, Ibrahim AO, Kamal NM, et al. The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation to Topiramate Therapy on Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis. J Child Neurol. 2022;37:833. doi:10.1177/08830738221092882
- Mursi AM, Mirghani HO, Elbeialy AA. A Case Report of Post COVID19 Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica With Visual Loss. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2022;15:11795476221088472. doi:10.1177/11795476221088472
- Ganji R, Majdinasab N, Hesam S, Rostami N, Sayyah M, et al. Does atorvastatin have augmentative effects with sodium valproate in prevention of migraine with aura attacks? A triple-blind controlled clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021;7:12. doi:10.1186/s40780-021-00198-8
- Ghorbani Z, Rafiee P, Haghighi S, Razeghi Jahromi S, Djalali M, et al. The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on TGF-β and IL-17 serum levels in migraineurs: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021;7:9. doi:10.1186/s40780-021-00192-0
- Fallah R, Sarraf Yazd S, Sohrevardi SM. Efficacy of Topiramate Alone and Topiramate Plus Vitamin D3 in the Prophylaxis of Pediatric Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Child Neurol. 2020;14:77.
- Ghorbani Z, Rafiee P, Fotouhi A, Haghighi S, Rasekh Magham R, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on interictal serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in episodic migraine patients: post hoc analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Headache Pain. 2020;21:22. doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01090-w
- Nowaczewska M, Wiciński M, Osiński S, Kaźmierczak H. The Role of Vitamin D in Primary Headache-from Potential Mechanism to Treatment. Nutrients. 2020;12. doi:10.3390/nu12010243
- Ghorbani Z, Togha M, Rafiee P, Ahmadi ZS, Rasekh Magham R, et al. Vitamin D3 might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine: a randomized clinical trial. Neurol Sci. 2020;41:1183. doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04220-8
- Ghorbani Z, Togha M, Rafiee P, Ahmadi ZS, Rasekh Magham R, et al. Vitamin D in migraine headache: a comprehensive review on literature. Neurol Sci. 2019;40:2459. doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04021-z
- Gazerani P, Fuglsang R, Pedersen JG, Sørensen J, Kjeldsen JL, et al. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of vitamin D supplementation in adult patients with migraine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35:715. doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1519503
- Donmez A, Orun E, Sonmez FM. Vitamin D status in children with headache: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;23:222. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.09.010
- Prakash S, Rathore C, Makwana P, Dave A, Joshi H, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Case-Control Study. Headache. 2017;57:1096. doi:10.1111/head.13096
- Buettner C, Nir RR, Bertisch SM, Bernstein C, Schain A, et al. Simvastatin and vitamin D for migraine prevention: A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Neurol. 2015;78:970. doi:10.1002/ana.24534
- Laursen JC, Cairns BE, Kumar U, Somvanshi RK, Dong XD, et al. Nitric oxide release from trigeminal satellite glial cells is attenuated by glial modulators and glutamate. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2013;5:228.
- Mottaghi T, Khorvash F, Askari G, Maracy MR, Ghiasvand R, et al. The relationship between serum levels of vitamin D and migraine. J Res Med Sci. 2013;18:S66.
- Mohammadnezhad G, Assarzadegan F, Koosha M, Esmaily H. Eicosapentaenoic acid versus placebo as adjunctive therapy in chronic migraine: A randomized controlled trial. Headache. 2025;65:153. doi:10.1111/head.14808
- Wang HF, Liu WC, Zailani H, Yang CC, Chen TB, et al. A 12-week randomized double-blind clinical trial of eicosapentaenoic acid intervention in episodic migraine. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;118:459. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.019
- Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, et al. Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions. J Pain. 2023;24:478. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.008
- Faurot KR, Cole WR, MacIntosh BA, Dunlap M, Moore CB, et al. Targeted dietary interventions to reduce pain in persistent post-traumatic headache among service members: Protocol for a randomized, controlled parallel-group trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2022;119:106851. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106851
- Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Horowitz M, et al. Dietary alteration of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for headache reduction in adults with migraine: randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2021;374:n1448. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1448
- Sanders AE, Shaikh SR, Slade GD. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and headache in the U.S. population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;135:47. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.008
- Mann JD, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Palsson OS, Suchindran CM, et al. A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018;128:41. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.002
- Soares AA, Louçana PMC, Nasi EP, Sousa KMH, Sá OMS, et al. A double- blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (OPFA ɷ-3) for the prevention of migraine in chronic migraine patients using amitriptyline. Nutr Neurosci. 2018;21:219. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2016.1266133
- Sadeghi O, Maghsoudi Z, Khorvash F, Ghiasvand R, Askari G. The relationship between different fatty acids intake and frequency of migraine attacks. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20:334.
- Taha AY, Cheon Y, Faurot KF, Macintosh B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, et al. Dietary omega-6 fatty acid lowering increases bioavailability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human plasma lipid pools. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2014;90:151. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2014.02.003
- Ramsden CE, Faurot KR, Zamora D, Suchindran CM, MacIntosh BA, et al. Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: a randomized trial. Pain. 2013;154:2441. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028
- Domenichiello AF, Jensen JR, Zamora D, Horowitz M, Yuan ZX, et al. Identifying oxidized lipid mediators as prognostic biomarkers of chronic posttraumatic headache. Pain. 2020;161:2775. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001983
- Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Makriyannis A, Wood JT, Mann JD, et al. Diet-induced changes in n-3- and n-6-derived endocannabinoids and reductions in headache pain and psychological distress. J Pain. 2015;16:707. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.04.007
