Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 36 Researches
7.1
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.3
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
10
Total Fat
1 g
1%
Saturated Fat
0 g
0%
Trans Fat
0 g
†
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
67%
Total Omega-3s♦
830 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
205 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
480 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on heart disease through a significant study known as the VITAL trial. This study involved nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. and aimed to determine the effects of daily EPA supplementation on cardiovascular events over an average follow-up of 5.3 years.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on heart disease, particularly diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). This condition is a significant cause of heart failure, yet until now, effective treatment options have been limited. Our study focused on the protective role of EPA in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diets.
Our findings indicate that EPA is beneficial in reducing the harmful M1-polarized macrophages in the heart. In laboratory tests, EPA showed the ability to protect heart cells from damage caused by these inflammatory cells by shifting the macrophage type from M1 to Mox, rather than to the M2 type. This is crucial since Mox polarization can help shield heart cells from the adverse effects of M1 macrophages.
Additionally, we discovered that a protein called heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in sustaining this protective Mox phenotype. EPA promotes HO-1 levels, which in turn helps reduce M1 polarization and its damaging effects on heart cells. Even more promising, EPA was shown to enhance Mox polarization in macrophages derived from diabetic patients, indicating its potential as a treatment strategy.
Overall, our research highlights EPA and macrophage Mox polarization as innovative approaches to combat diabetic cardiomyopathy, showcasing a new avenue in the fight against heart disease.
Our findings indicate that EPA is beneficial in reducing the harmful M1-polarized macrophages in the heart. In laboratory tests, EPA showed the ability to protect heart cells from damage caused by these inflammatory cells by shifting the macrophage type from M1 to Mox, rather than to the M2 type. This is crucial since Mox polarization can help shield heart cells from the adverse effects of M1 macrophages.
Additionally, we discovered that a protein called heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in sustaining this protective Mox phenotype. EPA promotes HO-1 levels, which in turn helps reduce M1 polarization and its damaging effects on heart cells. Even more promising, EPA was shown to enhance Mox polarization in macrophages derived from diabetic patients, indicating its potential as a treatment strategy.
Overall, our research highlights EPA and macrophage Mox polarization as innovative approaches to combat diabetic cardiomyopathy, showcasing a new avenue in the fight against heart disease.
Read More
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.
Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.
Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.
Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Vital for development
20 people found this helpful
This is the only DHA I recommend to my patients. It's clean and safe, essential in the third trimester for the baby's brain, nervous system, and eyes. If you want a clever baby, buy this product. The small capsules are easy to swallow and cause minimal reflux when taken with food.
Read More
9
Supports pregnancy health
The quality of this Omega is excellent. I purchased it for my daughter during pregnancy, and it positively impacts the baby's development and the cardiovascular system. I wholeheartedly recommend it to others.
Read More
7.5
Improved heart health
33 people found this helpful
I have been taking this Omega 3 with vitamin D for 1.5 months. Despite a month-long delivery to Khabarovsk, it was efficient. The capsules have a natural fish oil scent and are easy to swallow. I've noticed my skin remains elastic, and my hair is shinier. Most importantly, my heart has shown improvement; my arrhythmia has normalised, and I believe Omega-3's benefits in preventing heart disease are well-established. Vitamin D is vital for both mother and baby's health. Thank you, IHERB!
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 36 Researches
7.1
- All Researches
9
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on heart disease through a significant study known as the VITAL trial. This study involved nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. and aimed to determine the effects of daily EPA supplementation on cardiovascular events over an average follow-up of 5.3 years.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
Read More
9
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (a type of omega-3 fatty acid) can play a role in improving heart health, particularly in individuals with heart failure. Our analysis involved a network meta-analysis of numerous randomized controlled trials, focusing on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on heart function.
The findings showed that high doses of omega-3 supplements, specifically between 2000 to 4000 mg per day, taken for at least a year, can significantly enhance left ventricular ejection fraction, which is an important measure of heart function. This is encouraging news for patients struggling with heart failure, as a better ejection fraction can lead to improved heart health.
We also observed improvements in peak oxygen consumption, offering further evidence of how eicosapentaenoic acid can boost cardiac performance. Importantly, we found no significant increases in dropout rates or overall mortality among those taking omega-3 supplements compared to those not taking them. This suggests that the benefits come without added risks.
Overall, our research underscores the potential of long-term, high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation as a supportive treatment option for heart failure patients, advocating for further studies to confirm these promising results and help refine treatment recommendations.
The findings showed that high doses of omega-3 supplements, specifically between 2000 to 4000 mg per day, taken for at least a year, can significantly enhance left ventricular ejection fraction, which is an important measure of heart function. This is encouraging news for patients struggling with heart failure, as a better ejection fraction can lead to improved heart health.
We also observed improvements in peak oxygen consumption, offering further evidence of how eicosapentaenoic acid can boost cardiac performance. Importantly, we found no significant increases in dropout rates or overall mortality among those taking omega-3 supplements compared to those not taking them. This suggests that the benefits come without added risks.
Overall, our research underscores the potential of long-term, high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation as a supportive treatment option for heart failure patients, advocating for further studies to confirm these promising results and help refine treatment recommendations.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on heart disease, particularly diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). This condition is a significant cause of heart failure, yet until now, effective treatment options have been limited. Our study focused on the protective role of EPA in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diets.
Our findings indicate that EPA is beneficial in reducing the harmful M1-polarized macrophages in the heart. In laboratory tests, EPA showed the ability to protect heart cells from damage caused by these inflammatory cells by shifting the macrophage type from M1 to Mox, rather than to the M2 type. This is crucial since Mox polarization can help shield heart cells from the adverse effects of M1 macrophages.
Additionally, we discovered that a protein called heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in sustaining this protective Mox phenotype. EPA promotes HO-1 levels, which in turn helps reduce M1 polarization and its damaging effects on heart cells. Even more promising, EPA was shown to enhance Mox polarization in macrophages derived from diabetic patients, indicating its potential as a treatment strategy.
Overall, our research highlights EPA and macrophage Mox polarization as innovative approaches to combat diabetic cardiomyopathy, showcasing a new avenue in the fight against heart disease.
Our findings indicate that EPA is beneficial in reducing the harmful M1-polarized macrophages in the heart. In laboratory tests, EPA showed the ability to protect heart cells from damage caused by these inflammatory cells by shifting the macrophage type from M1 to Mox, rather than to the M2 type. This is crucial since Mox polarization can help shield heart cells from the adverse effects of M1 macrophages.
Additionally, we discovered that a protein called heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in sustaining this protective Mox phenotype. EPA promotes HO-1 levels, which in turn helps reduce M1 polarization and its damaging effects on heart cells. Even more promising, EPA was shown to enhance Mox polarization in macrophages derived from diabetic patients, indicating its potential as a treatment strategy.
Overall, our research highlights EPA and macrophage Mox polarization as innovative approaches to combat diabetic cardiomyopathy, showcasing a new avenue in the fight against heart disease.
Read More
9
We explored the connection between omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and coronary heart disease (CHD). Our analysis reviewed 36 observational studies that included both prospective and retrospective designs, offering a well-rounded look at how different omega-3 levels may impact heart health.
The results highlighted a clear trend: higher levels of various omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, were associated with a reduced risk of developing CHD. We noted that groups with elevated omega-3 levels displayed lower relative risks—indicating that maintaining a sufficient intake of these fatty acids could be beneficial for heart health.
Interestingly, our findings revealed that patients with CHD had significantly lower omega-3 levels compared to healthier individuals. Moreover, specific subtypes of omega-3, such as EPA and DHA, demonstrated a particularly strong inverse relationship with both fatal and non-fatal heart disease events.
Overall, this analysis shows that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are linked to a decreased risk of CHD. Our findings support the idea that integrating these nutrients into our diets may provide protective benefits against heart disease.
The results highlighted a clear trend: higher levels of various omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, were associated with a reduced risk of developing CHD. We noted that groups with elevated omega-3 levels displayed lower relative risks—indicating that maintaining a sufficient intake of these fatty acids could be beneficial for heart health.
Interestingly, our findings revealed that patients with CHD had significantly lower omega-3 levels compared to healthier individuals. Moreover, specific subtypes of omega-3, such as EPA and DHA, demonstrated a particularly strong inverse relationship with both fatal and non-fatal heart disease events.
Overall, this analysis shows that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are linked to a decreased risk of CHD. Our findings support the idea that integrating these nutrients into our diets may provide protective benefits against heart disease.
Read More
9
We explored how fish oil supplementation and higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, are linked to the risks of heart disease and other complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Analyzing data from over 20,000 participants, we found that those who used fish oil regularly experienced fewer macrovascular issues, like coronary heart disease, and microvascular problems, such as diabetic retinopathy.
Specifically, the study revealed that taking fish oil led to a 10% lower risk of macrovascular complications overall. Moreover, the likelihood of heart disease decreased by about 9% for those who took fish oil when compared to those who didn't.
The positive effects were partially attributed to improvements in lipid profiles and inflammation markers. Higher concentrations of plasma DHA were particularly influential; those in the top quartile had a 32% reduced risk of heart disease. Our findings suggest that incorporating fish oil supplements and DHA into one’s diet may help protect against heart-related complications for people managing diabetes.
Specifically, the study revealed that taking fish oil led to a 10% lower risk of macrovascular complications overall. Moreover, the likelihood of heart disease decreased by about 9% for those who took fish oil when compared to those who didn't.
The positive effects were partially attributed to improvements in lipid profiles and inflammation markers. Higher concentrations of plasma DHA were particularly influential; those in the top quartile had a 32% reduced risk of heart disease. Our findings suggest that incorporating fish oil supplements and DHA into one’s diet may help protect against heart-related complications for people managing diabetes.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 7 Reviews
8.3
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Vital for development
20 people found this helpful
This is the only DHA I recommend to my patients. It's clean and safe, essential in the third trimester for the baby's brain, nervous system, and eyes. If you want a clever baby, buy this product. The small capsules are easy to swallow and cause minimal reflux when taken with food.
Read More
9
Supports pregnancy health
The quality of this Omega is excellent. I purchased it for my daughter during pregnancy, and it positively impacts the baby's development and the cardiovascular system. I wholeheartedly recommend it to others.
Read More
7.5
Improved heart health
33 people found this helpful
I have been taking this Omega 3 with vitamin D for 1.5 months. Despite a month-long delivery to Khabarovsk, it was efficient. The capsules have a natural fish oil scent and are easy to swallow. I've noticed my skin remains elastic, and my hair is shinier. Most importantly, my heart has shown improvement; my arrhythmia has normalised, and I believe Omega-3's benefits in preventing heart disease are well-established. Vitamin D is vital for both mother and baby's health. Thank you, IHERB!
Read More
7.5
Increased energy levels
17 people found this helpful
I’m in my seventh month and after a week of using this, I’ve noticed more energy and less joint pain. I plan to continue until birth and will switch to the postpartum version, which has more Vitamin D to improve mood. Praise be to God for this improvement!
Read More
7.5
Effective Omega quality
4 people found this helpful
I highly recommend this pure omega for pregnant and lactating women. The smell is off-putting, but there’s no unpleasant taste or burping during use. My skin is no longer dry, and my tests show excellent results. This product supports heart health and enhances overall wellbeing during pregnancy.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Improved heart health
33 people found this helpful
I have been taking this Omega 3 with vitamin D for 1.5 months. Despite a month-long delivery to Khabarovsk, it was efficient. The capsules have a natural fish oil scent and are easy to swallow. I've noticed my skin remains elastic, and my hair is shinier. Most importantly, my heart has shown improvement; my arrhythmia has normalised, and I believe Omega-3's benefits in preventing heart disease are well-established. Vitamin D is vital for both mother and baby's health. Thank you, IHERB!
7.5
Increased energy levels
17 people found this helpful
I’m in my seventh month and after a week of using this, I’ve noticed more energy and less joint pain. I plan to continue until birth and will switch to the postpartum version, which has more Vitamin D to improve mood. Praise be to God for this improvement!
9
Vital for development
20 people found this helpful
This is the only DHA I recommend to my patients. It's clean and safe, essential in the third trimester for the baby's brain, nervous system, and eyes. If you want a clever baby, buy this product. The small capsules are easy to swallow and cause minimal reflux when taken with food.
7.5
Effective Omega quality
4 people found this helpful
I highly recommend this pure omega for pregnant and lactating women. The smell is off-putting, but there’s no unpleasant taste or burping during use. My skin is no longer dry, and my tests show excellent results. This product supports heart health and enhances overall wellbeing during pregnancy.
9
Supports pregnancy health
The quality of this Omega is excellent. I purchased it for my daughter during pregnancy, and it positively impacts the baby's development and the cardiovascular system. I wholeheartedly recommend it to others.
7.5
Balanced fatty acids
Omega 3, comprising ALA, DHA, and EPA, is crucial for a healthy body. Regular intake helps manage saturated and unsaturated fatty acid levels. Research indicates it supports brain function and reduces heart disease risk, making it particularly beneficial for athletes and pregnant women. Good quality, albeit a bit pricey.
7.5
Essential for mothers
3 people found this helpful
I spent time researching and chose this Omega 3. Its formulation combines anchovy and sardine, ensuring low mercury levels, plus it contains Vitamin D. The capsules are convenient, tasteless, and free from belching. I take two daily, and it provides significant benefits for both mother and baby's health.
8
Vitamin D improves heart health
We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to explore how treating vitamin D deficiency affects heart health, specifically in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In our study, we involved 44 patients aged between 40 and 65 who were dealing with low vitamin D levels. They were divided into two groups—one receiving vitamin D supplements and the other a placebo.
Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.
Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
Over five weeks, patients in the intervention group received weekly doses of 50,000 units of vitamin D. We measured changes in their lipid profiles, which includes important markers like cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation led to significant improvements. Patients in the intervention group showed an increase in good cholesterol (HDL) and a decrease in triglycerides, which are both beneficial for heart health. While the placebo group also experienced some minor improvements, the notable changes were primarily in the group receiving vitamin D.
Overall, these results suggest that addressing vitamin D deficiency can have positive effects on lipid levels in IHD patients. This is an encouraging insight for healthcare providers looking to manage heart disease risk more effectively.
7
We explored the effects of vitamin D3, a vital nutrient, on heart health, particularly in relation to a common risk factor known as angiotensin II. Our study focused on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, a type of heart cell, to understand how vitamin D3 interacts with this condition.
By exposing these cells to angiotensin II along with vitamin D3, we aimed to see if the vitamin could shield the cells from damage. Interestingly, we found that vitamin D3 showed significant potential for preventing cell damage when SIRT1, a protein involved in cell survival, was present. However, when we blocked SIRT1, vitamin D3 wasn’t able to protect the heart cells effectively against the harmful effects induced by angiotensin II.
While vitamin D3 did help mitigate some effects of hypertrophy, or heart cell enlargement, it was clear that SIRT1 was crucial for the vitamin's protective benefits. This finding suggests that enhancing SIRT1 activity could be an exciting path forward for developing treatments to combat heart disease linked to hypertrophy and other conditions related to angiotensin II.
By exposing these cells to angiotensin II along with vitamin D3, we aimed to see if the vitamin could shield the cells from damage. Interestingly, we found that vitamin D3 showed significant potential for preventing cell damage when SIRT1, a protein involved in cell survival, was present. However, when we blocked SIRT1, vitamin D3 wasn’t able to protect the heart cells effectively against the harmful effects induced by angiotensin II.
While vitamin D3 did help mitigate some effects of hypertrophy, or heart cell enlargement, it was clear that SIRT1 was crucial for the vitamin's protective benefits. This finding suggests that enhancing SIRT1 activity could be an exciting path forward for developing treatments to combat heart disease linked to hypertrophy and other conditions related to angiotensin II.
4
We investigated how vitamin D3 treatment affects heart disease, particularly focusing on the connection between aortic calcification and cardiac dysfunction. In our study, C57BL/6 mice received daily doses of vitamin D for two weeks, allowing us to observe various factors such as arterial elasticity and cardiac health over an extended period.
As we analyzed the results, we found that vitamin D treatment led to significant aortic calcification and increased pulse propagation velocity. Unfortunately, rather than improving heart function, this treatment correlated with worsened cardiac performance and increased apoptosis, or programmed cell death, among heart cells.
By examining rat heart cells exposed to media from calcified vascular smooth muscle cells, we noticed a similar trend—these conditions caused apoptosis and altered the expression of genes crucial for heart function. Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D is often associated with health benefits, in this context, it accelerates cardiac dysfunction through mechanisms like inducing cell death in heart tissues.
These results offer critical insights into the potential dangers of elevated vitamin D levels, particularly in relation to heart health. They highlight the need for further research to better understand these effects and guide treatment strategies for those at risk of heart disease.
As we analyzed the results, we found that vitamin D treatment led to significant aortic calcification and increased pulse propagation velocity. Unfortunately, rather than improving heart function, this treatment correlated with worsened cardiac performance and increased apoptosis, or programmed cell death, among heart cells.
By examining rat heart cells exposed to media from calcified vascular smooth muscle cells, we noticed a similar trend—these conditions caused apoptosis and altered the expression of genes crucial for heart function. Overall, our findings suggest that while vitamin D is often associated with health benefits, in this context, it accelerates cardiac dysfunction through mechanisms like inducing cell death in heart tissues.
These results offer critical insights into the potential dangers of elevated vitamin D levels, particularly in relation to heart health. They highlight the need for further research to better understand these effects and guide treatment strategies for those at risk of heart disease.
4
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 in conjunction with marine n-3 fatty acids on heart disease, specifically looking at a large-scale study known as the VITAL trial. This secondary analysis involved over 25,000 healthy older adults who were given either a daily supplement of 1 gram of marine n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 or a placebo.
The primary focus was to see if these supplements could lower the risk of cardiovascular disease events. We examined various heart-related outcomes, including fatal coronary heart disease, other fatal cardiovascular issues like strokes, and non-fatal events such as heart attacks.
Our findings revealed that there was no significant overall benefit from vitamin D3 on heart disease risk when combined with n-3 fatty acids. Specifically, while we did see a reduction in heart attacks among those who consumed less fish, the data suggested that the benefits were not substantial enough to make a definitive claim about the efficacy of vitamin D3 alone.
Ultimately, although we observed some protective effects for certain individuals, the overall results indicated that vitamin D3 may not significantly impact heart disease risk when evaluated alongside n-3 fatty acids.
The primary focus was to see if these supplements could lower the risk of cardiovascular disease events. We examined various heart-related outcomes, including fatal coronary heart disease, other fatal cardiovascular issues like strokes, and non-fatal events such as heart attacks.
Our findings revealed that there was no significant overall benefit from vitamin D3 on heart disease risk when combined with n-3 fatty acids. Specifically, while we did see a reduction in heart attacks among those who consumed less fish, the data suggested that the benefits were not substantial enough to make a definitive claim about the efficacy of vitamin D3 alone.
Ultimately, although we observed some protective effects for certain individuals, the overall results indicated that vitamin D3 may not significantly impact heart disease risk when evaluated alongside n-3 fatty acids.
References
- Astani A, Maroofi A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Safari F. Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Mol Biol Rep. 2024;52:96. 10.1007/s11033-024-10168-6
- Sadeghi M, Momeni A, Mirsaeidi FS, Jamalian M, Amirpour A, et al. The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment on Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res. 2024;13:79. 10.4103/abr.abr_380_23
- Sato AY, Cregor M, McAndrews K, Schurman CA, Schaible E, et al. Pharmacologic or genetic interference with atrogene signaling protects against glucocorticoid-induced musculoskeletal and cardiac disease. JCI Insight. 2024;9. 10.1172/jci.insight.182664
- Stankiewicz B, Mieszkowski J, Kochanowicz A, Brzezińska P, Niespodziński B, et al. Effect of Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Post-Ultra Mountain Running Heart Damage and Iron Metabolism Changes: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16152479
- Koroglu R, Koroglu M, Aygun H. Electrocardiographic, biochemical, and scintigraphic evidence for the cardioprotective effect of paricalcitol and vitamin D3 on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2024;125:281. 10.4149/BLL_2024_42
- Hao N, Yong H, Zhang F, Liu C, Qiu Y, et al. Aortic calcification accelerates cardiac dysfunction via inducing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Int J Med Sci. 2024;21:306. 10.7150/ijms.90324
- Samavati I, Ranjbar A, Haddadi R. Cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in male mice: role of oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397:4761. 10.1007/s00210-023-02848-0
- Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15194235
- Arroyo E, Leber CA, Burney HN, Li Y, Li X, et al. Epimeric vitamin D and cardiovascular structure and function in advanced CKD and after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39:264. 10.1093/ndt/gfad168
- Hasific S, Øvrehus KA, Hosbond S, Lambrechtsen J, Kumarathurai P, et al. Effects of vitamins K2 and D3 supplementation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e073233. 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073233
- Thompson B, Waterhouse M, English DR, McLeod DS, Armstrong BK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and major cardiovascular events: D-Health randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023;381:e075230. 10.1136/bmj-2023-075230
- Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
- Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
- Tseng PT, Zeng BY, Hsu CW, Liang CS, Stubbs B, et al. The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2025;16:100366. 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366
- Patil T, Gregory M, Savona N, Jarmukli N, Leonard CE. Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints. Clin Drug Investig. 2025;45:69. 10.1007/s40261-024-01417-4
- Kim JY, Kong SYJ, Jung E, Cho YS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Potential Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;14. 10.3390/jcm14010026
- Capece U, Gugliandolo S, Morciano C, Avolio A, Splendore A, et al. Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake: Current Outlook and Perspectives for a Novel, Nutritionally Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16244318
- Fukuda T, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Amano H, Arikawa T, et al. Relationship Between Serum ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration and Fatty Acid Fraction of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus. 2024;16:e73417. 10.7759/cureus.73417
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