5/22/2025
Last update
5/22/2025
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 36 Researches
7.4
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 31 Reviews
8.3
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: Serving Size 2 Veg Capsules
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Glucosamine Sulfate (from 2,095 mg Glucosamine Potassium Sulfate Complex)
1.5 g (1,500 mg)
**
Top Medical Research Studies
9.5
We aimed to understand how N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), a compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, affects the development and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Our investigation involved applying a special multivalent GlcNAc-terminated glycoconjugate and assessing its influence through various methodologies.
The results were promising. We observed that GlcNAc treatment significantly reduced inflammation at the site of arthritis, notably decreasing the presence of immune cells that contribute to the disease. Furthermore, it appeared to hinder the activation of other immune cells, which are often involved in the production of harmful pro-inflammatory molecules.
Additionally, GlcNAc treatment not only delayed the onset of arthritis symptoms but also eased the severity of these symptoms in many cases. We found that about 18% to 31% of participants treated with GlcNAc completely avoided any arthritis symptoms. Overall, our findings support a new approach to managing arthritis by focusing on the glycobiological aspects of treatment, presenting GlcNAc as a potential therapeutic option for those suffering from this debilitating condition.
The results were promising. We observed that GlcNAc treatment significantly reduced inflammation at the site of arthritis, notably decreasing the presence of immune cells that contribute to the disease. Furthermore, it appeared to hinder the activation of other immune cells, which are often involved in the production of harmful pro-inflammatory molecules.
Additionally, GlcNAc treatment not only delayed the onset of arthritis symptoms but also eased the severity of these symptoms in many cases. We found that about 18% to 31% of participants treated with GlcNAc completely avoided any arthritis symptoms. Overall, our findings support a new approach to managing arthritis by focusing on the glycobiological aspects of treatment, presenting GlcNAc as a potential therapeutic option for those suffering from this debilitating condition.
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9
We explored the potential of N-acetyl-(D)-glucosamine, a compound often used as a dietary supplement for osteoarthritis (OA), to provide effective relief from this chronic joint condition. Our research focused on a series of newly developed prodrugs, specifically targeting ways to enhance the compound's absorption and effectiveness within the body.
We found that some modified versions of N-acetyl-(D)-glucosamine, known as O-3 and O-4 phosphate prodrugs, demonstrated significant chondroprotective effects in vitro. In simple terms, this means they helped protect and support cartilage health, which is vital for those suffering from OA. Notably, the prodrugs that included a specific amino acid called (L)-proline were particularly effective, even outperforming earlier versions.
Overall, our findings suggest that these novel compounds hold promise as new leads in the search for more effective treatments for osteoarthritis. They signify a positive step toward improving the management of this painful and degenerative joint disease.
We found that some modified versions of N-acetyl-(D)-glucosamine, known as O-3 and O-4 phosphate prodrugs, demonstrated significant chondroprotective effects in vitro. In simple terms, this means they helped protect and support cartilage health, which is vital for those suffering from OA. Notably, the prodrugs that included a specific amino acid called (L)-proline were particularly effective, even outperforming earlier versions.
Overall, our findings suggest that these novel compounds hold promise as new leads in the search for more effective treatments for osteoarthritis. They signify a positive step toward improving the management of this painful and degenerative joint disease.
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8
We focused our research on the potential of N-acetylglucosamine, a modified form of glucosamine, to impact osteoarthritis, a common degenerative joint disease. Our investigations revealed that N-acetylglucosamine could enhance the oral bioavailability of glucosamine and is reported to have better in vitro chondroprotective effects compared to its parent compound.
To delve deeper into this, we examined N-acetylglucosamine derivatives modified specifically at the N position, using different chemical groups such as benzenesulfonyl and isoxazole. Among the many compounds we tested, we found that the derivatives with 3-(2-chlorobenzene)-5-methyl-isoxazole formyl chloride and p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride were particularly effective at promoting chondrocyte health in our laboratory studies.
Our findings suggest that these newly developed compounds may hold promise as future treatments for osteoarthritis by enhancing joint health and potentially improving the quality of life for those affected by this condition.
To delve deeper into this, we examined N-acetylglucosamine derivatives modified specifically at the N position, using different chemical groups such as benzenesulfonyl and isoxazole. Among the many compounds we tested, we found that the derivatives with 3-(2-chlorobenzene)-5-methyl-isoxazole formyl chloride and p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride were particularly effective at promoting chondrocyte health in our laboratory studies.
Our findings suggest that these newly developed compounds may hold promise as future treatments for osteoarthritis by enhancing joint health and potentially improving the quality of life for those affected by this condition.
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Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Slowed progression
9 people found this helpful
Works for my osteoarthritis. I've used this for several years for the osteoarthritis in my hands, and it seems to have significantly slowed the progression of the bumps on my knuckles. I use it alongside SAM-e.
Read More
9
Significant pain relief
6 people found this helpful
This is the first supplement that has truly improved my shoulder pain stemming from post-traumatic shoulder arthritis. Initially sceptical due to past failures with other products, I noticed a significant improvement after 3-4 weeks. I'm now almost pain-free and no longer need NSAIDs. I take 1.5g daily in the morning, increasing to 3g on more active days. Occasionally, I experience some reflux, which is manageable by taking the supplement with food. I highly recommend it to anyone suffering from arthritis, but patience is key as the effects take a few weeks to become apparent.
Read More
9
Effective arthritis control
5 people found this helpful
This is the best I have found. I take this with NOW MSM and NOW Chondroitin, providing my arthritis with the best control I've ever experienced. I've tried several combination products over the last three years and found that taking individual products is much more effective. I also appreciate the absence of other ingredients like Vitamin D or Calcium, which I take in higher doses separately. The capsules are large, but I've had no trouble swallowing them. According to some articles I've read, Glucosamine Sulfate is absorbed better than other forms of Glucosamine.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 36 Researches
7.4
- All Researches
9.5
We aimed to understand how N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), a compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, affects the development and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Our investigation involved applying a special multivalent GlcNAc-terminated glycoconjugate and assessing its influence through various methodologies.
The results were promising. We observed that GlcNAc treatment significantly reduced inflammation at the site of arthritis, notably decreasing the presence of immune cells that contribute to the disease. Furthermore, it appeared to hinder the activation of other immune cells, which are often involved in the production of harmful pro-inflammatory molecules.
Additionally, GlcNAc treatment not only delayed the onset of arthritis symptoms but also eased the severity of these symptoms in many cases. We found that about 18% to 31% of participants treated with GlcNAc completely avoided any arthritis symptoms. Overall, our findings support a new approach to managing arthritis by focusing on the glycobiological aspects of treatment, presenting GlcNAc as a potential therapeutic option for those suffering from this debilitating condition.
The results were promising. We observed that GlcNAc treatment significantly reduced inflammation at the site of arthritis, notably decreasing the presence of immune cells that contribute to the disease. Furthermore, it appeared to hinder the activation of other immune cells, which are often involved in the production of harmful pro-inflammatory molecules.
Additionally, GlcNAc treatment not only delayed the onset of arthritis symptoms but also eased the severity of these symptoms in many cases. We found that about 18% to 31% of participants treated with GlcNAc completely avoided any arthritis symptoms. Overall, our findings support a new approach to managing arthritis by focusing on the glycobiological aspects of treatment, presenting GlcNAc as a potential therapeutic option for those suffering from this debilitating condition.
Read More
9
We investigated how glucosamine, along with other nutrients, combined with exercise compares to exercise alone for knee osteoarthritis. In this double-blinded, controlled trial with 65 participants, those receiving the nutrition supplement showed better improvements in pain and stiffness scores after three months compared to the exercise-only group.
By six months, benefits continued to favor the supplement group, highlighting its earlier effectiveness. This indicates that incorporating glucosamine into arthritis treatment may lead to quicker and more significant relief when paired with exercise.
By six months, benefits continued to favor the supplement group, highlighting its earlier effectiveness. This indicates that incorporating glucosamine into arthritis treatment may lead to quicker and more significant relief when paired with exercise.
Read More
9
We explored an exciting new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a mesoporous silica nanosystem called MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN. This innovative approach combines glucosamine with a powerful anti-inflammatory drug, enabling targeted delivery within the joints.
Our tests showed that this nanosystem effectively reduced inflammation and protected joint tissues without causing toxicity. It released medications steadily in acidic environments found in inflamed joints, offering hope for improved RA treatments.
Thus, MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN presents a promising strategy to combat the debilitating effects of RA.
Our tests showed that this nanosystem effectively reduced inflammation and protected joint tissues without causing toxicity. It released medications steadily in acidic environments found in inflamed joints, offering hope for improved RA treatments.
Thus, MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN presents a promising strategy to combat the debilitating effects of RA.
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9
Dietary supplement aids arthritis symptoms
We explored the effectiveness of a nutritional supplement containing hydrolyzed collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and glucosamine in reducing pain from osteoarthritis (OA).
In this observational study, 186 patients took the supplement daily for six months. They reported significant decreases in joint pain and improved physical function over that time.
Notably, there were no serious side effects. Overall, our findings suggest this supplement could be beneficial for managing OA symptoms effectively.
In this observational study, 186 patients took the supplement daily for six months. They reported significant decreases in joint pain and improved physical function over that time.
Notably, there were no serious side effects. Overall, our findings suggest this supplement could be beneficial for managing OA symptoms effectively.
Read More
9
We investigated how partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides, specifically the oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine, might influence the growth of chondrocytes—the cells crucial for cartilage health—in people with osteoarthritis. The study focused on the binding of these sugars to YKL-40, a protein that is often associated with inflammation in joints.
Through careful processing of chitin, we derived two forms of chitooligosaccharides: Oligomin™ and T-ChOS™. Our results unveiled that larger versions of these oligosaccharides showed a strong attraction to YKL-40. More significantly, when we exposed osteoarthritic chondrocytes to these compounds, we noted a noteworthy increase in cell growth—up to three times more under certain conditions.
Interestingly, Oligomin™ required a higher concentration compared to T-ChOS™, which demonstrated that smaller oligosaccharides could be effective at lower doses. However, more isn't always better; excessively high concentrations led to reduced benefits. When we introduced chitotriose, a smaller oligosaccharide, it hampered the positive effects seen with the larger forms, suggesting a complex interplay in oligosaccharide behavior in relation to cellular responses.
Overall, these findings indicate a promising new direction in treating joint inflammation and give us hope for developing new therapies aimed at alleviating the discomfort of arthritis.
Through careful processing of chitin, we derived two forms of chitooligosaccharides: Oligomin™ and T-ChOS™. Our results unveiled that larger versions of these oligosaccharides showed a strong attraction to YKL-40. More significantly, when we exposed osteoarthritic chondrocytes to these compounds, we noted a noteworthy increase in cell growth—up to three times more under certain conditions.
Interestingly, Oligomin™ required a higher concentration compared to T-ChOS™, which demonstrated that smaller oligosaccharides could be effective at lower doses. However, more isn't always better; excessively high concentrations led to reduced benefits. When we introduced chitotriose, a smaller oligosaccharide, it hampered the positive effects seen with the larger forms, suggesting a complex interplay in oligosaccharide behavior in relation to cellular responses.
Overall, these findings indicate a promising new direction in treating joint inflammation and give us hope for developing new therapies aimed at alleviating the discomfort of arthritis.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 31 Reviews
8.3
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
7.5
Slowed progression
9 people found this helpful
Works for my osteoarthritis. I've used this for several years for the osteoarthritis in my hands, and it seems to have significantly slowed the progression of the bumps on my knuckles. I use it alongside SAM-e.
Read More
9
Significant pain relief
6 people found this helpful
This is the first supplement that has truly improved my shoulder pain stemming from post-traumatic shoulder arthritis. Initially sceptical due to past failures with other products, I noticed a significant improvement after 3-4 weeks. I'm now almost pain-free and no longer need NSAIDs. I take 1.5g daily in the morning, increasing to 3g on more active days. Occasionally, I experience some reflux, which is manageable by taking the supplement with food. I highly recommend it to anyone suffering from arthritis, but patience is key as the effects take a few weeks to become apparent.
Read More
9
Effective arthritis control
5 people found this helpful
This is the best I have found. I take this with NOW MSM and NOW Chondroitin, providing my arthritis with the best control I've ever experienced. I've tried several combination products over the last three years and found that taking individual products is much more effective. I also appreciate the absence of other ingredients like Vitamin D or Calcium, which I take in higher doses separately. The capsules are large, but I've had no trouble swallowing them. According to some articles I've read, Glucosamine Sulfate is absorbed better than other forms of Glucosamine.
Read More
8
Eliminated pain
4 people found this helpful
Osteo-arthritis help. I have used this product for the past 25 years. While it doesn't aid my Rheumatoid Arthritis, it has effectively eliminated the issues I had with osteo-arthritis, especially in my hands. Jan P.
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10
Quick pain relief
3 people found this helpful
Buy the best, forget the rest. My arthritis pain in my hip completely vanished within the first week of using this product. For maintenance, it only needs to be taken three times a week. If you have simple osteoarthritis, this is all you need. It’s 100% effective and thoroughly reliable.
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Frequently Asked Questions
9
Significant pain relief
6 people found this helpful
This is the first supplement that has truly improved my shoulder pain stemming from post-traumatic shoulder arthritis. Initially sceptical due to past failures with other products, I noticed a significant improvement after 3-4 weeks. I'm now almost pain-free and no longer need NSAIDs. I take 1.5g daily in the morning, increasing to 3g on more active days. Occasionally, I experience some reflux, which is manageable by taking the supplement with food. I highly recommend it to anyone suffering from arthritis, but patience is key as the effects take a few weeks to become apparent.
9
Joint pain relief
An excellent remedy for joint pain, my mother felt the results within a month, experiencing relief in her knees and lower back. I discovered that a dosage of 1500 mg often replenishes deficiencies, alongside a suitable diet. Previously diagnosed with osteoarthritis, I find the quality, composition and ingredients to be outstanding! The packaging arrived undamaged. As age advances, joints often remind us of their presence! It's essential to maintain health with high-quality dietary supplements like Nau Foods.
9
Manageable symptoms
3 people found this helpful
This is the only glucosamine product that has made my arthritis symptoms manageable. I've tried many brands, but this is by far the best, and I have relied on it for years.
10
Nearly arthritis-free
I've used this product for years alongside their flax oil, and I'm nearly convinced I no longer have arthritis. It's that effective.
7.5
Sister finds relief
I purchased Glucosamine sulphate for my sister with rheumatoid arthritis. She finds relief and has continued using it alongside MSM and Curcumin.
8
Pain-free work
I use this product with fish oil to address osteoarthritis throughout my body. It enables me to work full-time without pain and enjoy my day.
7
Glucosamine improves knee osteoarthritis
We examined the effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, and other symptomatic slow-acting drugs on knee osteoarthritis.
Analyzing 21 clinical trials, we found that patients treated with these compounds experienced better pain relief and functional improvements compared to those on placebo, especially noticeable within the first three months.
Interestingly, the results showed no significant difference in effectiveness when comparing these treatments to non-placebo medications.
Overall, glucosamine and its counterparts are safe and effective options for managing knee OA symptoms.
Analyzing 21 clinical trials, we found that patients treated with these compounds experienced better pain relief and functional improvements compared to those on placebo, especially noticeable within the first three months.
Interestingly, the results showed no significant difference in effectiveness when comparing these treatments to non-placebo medications.
Overall, glucosamine and its counterparts are safe and effective options for managing knee OA symptoms.
9
We investigated how glucosamine, along with other nutrients, combined with exercise compares to exercise alone for knee osteoarthritis. In this double-blinded, controlled trial with 65 participants, those receiving the nutrition supplement showed better improvements in pain and stiffness scores after three months compared to the exercise-only group.
By six months, benefits continued to favor the supplement group, highlighting its earlier effectiveness. This indicates that incorporating glucosamine into arthritis treatment may lead to quicker and more significant relief when paired with exercise.
By six months, benefits continued to favor the supplement group, highlighting its earlier effectiveness. This indicates that incorporating glucosamine into arthritis treatment may lead to quicker and more significant relief when paired with exercise.
8
Glucosamine and chondroitin benefits assessed
We examined the effectiveness of glucosamine sulfate (GS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) through a systematic review. Using a thorough analysis of various studies, we found that both GS and CS offer significant benefits—specifically, CS helps reduce joint pain and improves physical function, while GS decreases joint space narrowing.
However, when combined, they didn't show any significant improvement in symptoms. This suggests that more focused clinical trials are needed to truly understand how these treatments work together.
However, when combined, they didn't show any significant improvement in symptoms. This suggests that more focused clinical trials are needed to truly understand how these treatments work together.
4
We explored how n-acetylglucosamine, a compound closely related to glucosamine, affects arthritis. Despite the mixed results in clinical trials concerning glucosamine, studies in rodent models show its potential to prevent joint destruction and reduce inflammation.
Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of glucosamine is significantly influenced by dosage. In particular, higher doses in animal studies appear to enhance its benefits on inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, the minimum effective dose of glucosamine we observed in studies achieves plasma levels similar to those produced when taking standard daily doses.
We noted that every clinical trial so far has utilized the same dose of 1.5 grams, a figure recommended decades ago. However, there has been no solid evidence supporting that this dose is the most effective. With varying patient populations and study designs, it's easy to see why some trials have reported null results.
We believe it is essential to investigate higher dosages and their effects on osteoarthritis rigorously. By doing so, we can provide clearer insights into the potential benefits of n-acetylglucosamine for individuals suffering from this debilitating condition.
Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of glucosamine is significantly influenced by dosage. In particular, higher doses in animal studies appear to enhance its benefits on inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, the minimum effective dose of glucosamine we observed in studies achieves plasma levels similar to those produced when taking standard daily doses.
We noted that every clinical trial so far has utilized the same dose of 1.5 grams, a figure recommended decades ago. However, there has been no solid evidence supporting that this dose is the most effective. With varying patient populations and study designs, it's easy to see why some trials have reported null results.
We believe it is essential to investigate higher dosages and their effects on osteoarthritis rigorously. By doing so, we can provide clearer insights into the potential benefits of n-acetylglucosamine for individuals suffering from this debilitating condition.
7
We examined how different combinations of substances administered through mesotherapy affect dogs suffering from hip osteoarthritis.
In our study involving 104 dogs, we set up four treatment groups, with one group receiving a combination that included glucosamine.
While glucosamine was part of the treatment options, the best outcomes were seen in groups using lidocaine, piroxicam, and thiocolchicoside, especially when combined with photobiomodulation.
This combination delivered longer-lasting and more significant clinical improvements in pain and mobility.
In our study involving 104 dogs, we set up four treatment groups, with one group receiving a combination that included glucosamine.
While glucosamine was part of the treatment options, the best outcomes were seen in groups using lidocaine, piroxicam, and thiocolchicoside, especially when combined with photobiomodulation.
This combination delivered longer-lasting and more significant clinical improvements in pain and mobility.
References
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- Liu W, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wu Y, et al. Nutrition supplementation combined with exercise versus exercise alone in treating knee osteoarthritis: a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2025;54. 10.1093/ageing/afaf010
- Amarase C, Tanavalee A, Ngarmukos S, Tanavalee C, Jaruthien N, et al. Comparison of functional performance outcomes between oral patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate and platelet-rich plasma among knee osteoarthritis patients: a propensity score matching analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024;36:168. 10.1007/s40520-024-02814-7
- Malaguez GG, Artuzi FE, Quevedo AS, Puricelli E, Ponzoni D. Can treatment with chondroitin and glucosamine sulphate prevent changes in the articular disc caused by temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis?. J Oral Rehabil. 2024;51:2289. 10.1111/joor.13814
- Wu YZ, Chen WY, Zeng Y, Ji QL, Yang Y, et al. Inflammation-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Synergistic Anti-inflammatory and Joint Protection Effects for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Pharm Res. 2024;41:1493. 10.1007/s11095-024-03732-z
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- Rabade A, Viswanatha GL, Nandakumar K, Kishore A. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology. 2024;32:1759. 10.1007/s10787-024-01460-9
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- Puigdellívol Grifell J, Comellas Berenguer C, Steinbacher G, Kranjcec T, Álvarez Díaz P, et al. Open, Observational, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study Assessing the Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement Containing Hydrolyzed Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis Pain Reduction. J Diet Suppl. 2024;21:374. 10.1080/19390211.2023.2284982
- Wang F, Liu G, Shi J, Wang J, Zheng S, et al. Effects of glucosamine hydrochloride combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on symptoms and HSS scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2023;36:1337.
- Wang F, Liu G, Shi J, Wang J, Zheng S, et al. Effects of glucosamine hydrochloride combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on symptoms and HSS scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2023;36:921.
- Filipović K, Zvekić-Svorcan J, Demesi Drljan C, Cvetković M, Marinković D, et al. GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE EFFICACY IN TREATING KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY. Acta Clin Croat. 2022;61:436. 10.20471/acc.2022.61.03.09
- Derwich M, Górski B, Amm E, Pawłowska E. Oral Glucosamine in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. 10.3390/ijms24054925
- Riegger J, Baumert J, Zaucke F, Brenner RE. The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway as a Therapeutic Target after Cartilage Trauma: Modification of Chondrocyte Survival and Metabolism by Glucosamine Derivatives and PUGNAc in an Ex Vivo Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22. 10.3390/ijms22147247
- McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Glucosamine for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: The Time Has Come for Higher-Dose Trials. J Diet Suppl. 2019;16:179. 10.1080/19390211.2018.1448920
- Kubomura D, Ueno T, Yamada M, Tomonaga A, Nagaoka I. Effect of N-acetylglucosamine administration on cartilage metabolism and safety in healthy subjects without symptoms of arthritis: A case report. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13:1614. 10.3892/etm.2017.4140
- Bolognesi G, Belcaro G, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Cotellese R, et al. Movardol® (N-acetylglucosamine, Boswellia serrata, ginger) supplementation in the management of knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results from a 6-month registry study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20:5198.
- Cao T, Li Y, Jiang L, Yuan L, Dong L, et al. Novel biologically active series of N-acetylglucosamine derivatives for the suppressive activities on GAG release. Carbohydr Res. 2016;433:73. 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.004
- Şükür E, Talu C, Akman YE, Çirci E, Öztürkmen Y, et al. Comparison of the chondroprotective effect of a novel hydrogel compound and traditional hyaluronate on rat cartilage in a papain-induced osteoarthritis model. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2016;50:458. 10.1016/j.aott.2016.07.008
- Kim HB, Lee SW, Mun CH, Yoon JY, Pai J, et al. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation of p65 aggravated the inflammation in both fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α and mice with collagen induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:248. 10.1186/s13075-015-0762-7
- Tsuji T, Yoon J, Kitano N, Okura T, Tanaka K. Effects of N-acetyl glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation on knee pain and self-reported knee function in middle-aged and older Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016;28:197. 10.1007/s40520-015-0412-6
- Richter J, Capková K, Hříbalová V, Vannucci L, Danyi I, et al. Collagen-induced arthritis: severity and immune response attenuation using multivalent N-acetyl glucosamine. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;177:121. 10.1111/cei.12313
- Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Werpy NM. Evaluation of intra-articular hyaluronan, sodium chondroitin sulfate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine combination versus saline (0.9% NaCl) for osteoarthritis using an equine model. Vet J. 2013;197:824. 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.033
- Coburn JM, Wo L, Bernstein N, Bhattacharya R, Aich U, et al. Short-chain fatty acid-modified hexosamine for tissue-engineering osteoarthritic cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A. 2013;19:2035. 10.1089/ten.TEA.2012.0317
- Einarsson JM, Bahrke S, Sigurdsson BT, Ng CH, Petersen PH, et al. Partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides bind to YKL-40 and stimulate growth of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;434:298. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.122
- Serpi M, Bibbo R, Rat S, Roberts H, Hughes C, et al. Novel phosphoramidate prodrugs of N-acetyl-(D)-glucosamine with antidegenerative activity on bovine and human cartilage explants. J Med Chem. 2012;55:4629. 10.1021/jm300074y
- Shavlovskaya OA. [Chondroprotective therapy and adjuvant support for patients with chronic lower back pain]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2024;124:120. 10.17116/jnevro2024124121120
- Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang GZ, et al. [Mechanism of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules regulating p53/p21 signaling pathway to delay chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritic rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024;49:3330. 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240318.702
- Ni HY, Zhang YP, Zhang XF. Therapeutic effect of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules in cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis. World J Clin Cases. 2024;12:3854. 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i19.3854
- Mohseni M, Shokrollahi P, Barzin J. Gelatin/O-carboxymethyl chitosan injectable self-healing hydrogels for ibuprofen and naproxen dual release. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;263:130266. 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130266
- Phan HM, Huynh CT, La PV, Pham KH, Vo PM, et al. The Efficacy of Piascledine in Alleviating Symptoms and Its Impact on Blood Lipid Levels and body Mass Index in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Med Arch. 2024;78:296. 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.296-301
- Ekeuku SO, Tan JK, Al-Saadi HM, Ahmad F, Elvy Suhana MR, et al. Serum Metabolomic Alteration in Rats with Osteoarthritis Treated with Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Alone or in Combination with Glucosamine Sulphate. Life (Basel). 2023;13. 10.3390/life13122343
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- Ekeuku SO, Nor Muhamad ML, Aminuddin AA, Ahmad F, Wong SK, et al. Effects of emulsified and non-emulsified palm tocotrienol on bone and joint health in ovariectomised rats with monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;170:115998. 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115998
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