Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 12 Researches
8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 54 Reviews
8
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Level Teaspoon (approx. 4 g)
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
10 
 
Total Carbohydrate
4 g
1%**
Dietary Fiber
4 g
14%*
Organic Inulin (FOS) (from Blue Agave)
3.3 g

Top Medical Research Studies

9.5
Inulin protects against type 1 diabetes
We explored how inulin, a type of prebiotic fiber, impacts the immune response in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a specific mouse model. Our findings showed that mice treated with inulin alongside a chemical that induces diabetes, called streptozotocin, did not develop the disease. In fact, these mice had lower blood glucose levels, reduced inflammation in their pancreas, and more balanced insulin levels compared to those not receiving inulin.

The mice that received inulin also demonstrated an interesting change in their gut health, showcasing an increase in beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as higher levels of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid crucial for gut health. This improved gut microbiota seemed to support regulatory T cells, which play an important role in immune regulation.

Specifically, we noted that inulin helped recruit these regulatory T cells into the pancreas, a site critical for managing the immune response in diabetes. This recruitment depended on a specific pathway involving something known as CCR4. When we looked at mice lacking this CCR4 receptor, the beneficial effects of inulin were significantly reduced, highlighting its importance.

Overall, these findings suggest that inulin could be a promising nutritional strategy for enhancing immune health and potentially protecting against autoimmune conditions like T1D.
Read More
9
Inulin mitigates autoimmune effects
We set out to understand how inulin, a common prebiotic, influences autoimmune disorders, specifically in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a well-established mouse model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we examined the effects of oral inulin on MS symptoms.

Our findings revealed that when mice were given inulin, there was a significant reduction in the severity of EAE. This was accompanied by less inflammation and less damage to the protective covering of nerves in the central nervous system. We also observed a decrease in specific immune cells known as Th17 cells, which are often linked to autoimmune diseases.

Moreover, the levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood, like IL-17 and TNF-α, also dropped after inulin treatment. Notably, we found that inulin altered the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and the production of butyric acid, which is thought to play a protective role. In follow-up experiments, the gut contents from inulin-treated mice showed promise in reducing EAE symptoms when transplanted into other mice, further supporting our findings about the positive impact of inulin on MS-related autoimmune responses.

However, when we introduced antibiotics to the mix, the benefits of inulin diminished, highlighting the important relationship between inulin, gut bacteria, and the overall effectiveness against EAE. Through this research, we suggest that inulin could represent a potential new strategy for managing symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis by harnessing its effects on gut health and immune balance.
Read More
We explored the impact of inulin, a fermentable fiber, on type 1 diabetes, particularly focusing on its potential to influence autoimmune responses. Using both streptozotocin-induced diabetes models and non-obese diabetic mice, we set out to observe whether diets enriched with inulin could offer protective effects against the development of diabetes.

Our findings revealed that inulin not only helped manage blood sugar levels but also preserved important fat storage in the body. Compared to standard grain-based diets and insoluble fibers like cellulose, those supplemented with inulin showed significant benefits. This included improved pancreatic function and insulin sensitivity, suggesting a robust mechanism behind its action.

Additionally, we noted that the positive results linked to inulin were connected to changes in gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in health. These effects were observable even after blocking fermentation, indicating that short-chain fatty acids produced from inulin are key players in combating diabetes. Intriguingly, our research also highlighted that interleukin 22—a protein involved in immune responses—was restored with inulin intake, which appeared necessary for its full benefits.

Overall, our study underscores the potential of inulin-rich diets as a promising strategy for preventing or treating type 1 diabetes, opening new pathways for dietary approaches in managing autoimmune disorders.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9
Effective for constipation
117 people found this helpful
I ordered this for my mother, age 76, multiple times. The benefits have been immense! At her age, constipation can be an issue, so finding a safe, regular remedy is essential. This fibre works wonders—she now has a daily bowel movement, and her gastrointestinal tract thanks the manufacturer for this remarkable and affordable product. One teaspoon daily is all she needs. The taste is slightly sweet, and we combine it with Paradise Herbs Zelenka for even better results. I will definitely order again.
Read More
9
Gut health restoration
114 people found this helpful
This is an excellent remedy following antibiotic use, beneficial for intestinal microflora. After contracting COVID-19, my doctor advised a course of probiotics and prebiotics, so I ordered inulin. It, combined with probiotics, effectively restores gut health, noticeable within two days. My stool improved significantly post-inulin, eliminating unpleasant odours and regularising my routine. I mix one teaspoon in water and take it before bed.
Read More
9
Sense of lightness
78 people found this helpful
This is not the first time I’ve ordered it for my husband. After taking inulin, he feels a sense of lightness in his stomach. His food digests significantly better now. He follows the instructions and takes it 30 minutes before meals along with Acidophilus. Previously, without trying Creon, it was challenging to cope with stomach heaviness and belching. I highly recommend this product. It genuinely helps.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 12 Researches
8
  • All Researches
9.5
Inulin protects against type 1 diabetes
We explored how inulin, a type of prebiotic fiber, impacts the immune response in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a specific mouse model. Our findings showed that mice treated with inulin alongside a chemical that induces diabetes, called streptozotocin, did not develop the disease. In fact, these mice had lower blood glucose levels, reduced inflammation in their pancreas, and more balanced insulin levels compared to those not receiving inulin.

The mice that received inulin also demonstrated an interesting change in their gut health, showcasing an increase in beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as higher levels of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid crucial for gut health. This improved gut microbiota seemed to support regulatory T cells, which play an important role in immune regulation.

Specifically, we noted that inulin helped recruit these regulatory T cells into the pancreas, a site critical for managing the immune response in diabetes. This recruitment depended on a specific pathway involving something known as CCR4. When we looked at mice lacking this CCR4 receptor, the beneficial effects of inulin were significantly reduced, highlighting its importance.

Overall, these findings suggest that inulin could be a promising nutritional strategy for enhancing immune health and potentially protecting against autoimmune conditions like T1D.
Read More
9
Inulin mitigates autoimmune effects
We set out to understand how inulin, a common prebiotic, influences autoimmune disorders, specifically in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a well-established mouse model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we examined the effects of oral inulin on MS symptoms.

Our findings revealed that when mice were given inulin, there was a significant reduction in the severity of EAE. This was accompanied by less inflammation and less damage to the protective covering of nerves in the central nervous system. We also observed a decrease in specific immune cells known as Th17 cells, which are often linked to autoimmune diseases.

Moreover, the levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood, like IL-17 and TNF-α, also dropped after inulin treatment. Notably, we found that inulin altered the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and the production of butyric acid, which is thought to play a protective role. In follow-up experiments, the gut contents from inulin-treated mice showed promise in reducing EAE symptoms when transplanted into other mice, further supporting our findings about the positive impact of inulin on MS-related autoimmune responses.

However, when we introduced antibiotics to the mix, the benefits of inulin diminished, highlighting the important relationship between inulin, gut bacteria, and the overall effectiveness against EAE. Through this research, we suggest that inulin could represent a potential new strategy for managing symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis by harnessing its effects on gut health and immune balance.
Read More
We explored how an anti-inflammatory diet, specifically one enriched with inulin (a type of soluble fiber) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), can restore gut barrier integrity and prevent autoimmune conditions like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in a specific mouse model known as NOD mice.

In this study, we found that this dietary approach effectively strengthened the gut barrier, leading to increased thickness of the mucus layer and elevated levels of protective mucins. It also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation and promoted a healthier balance of immune cells in the gut and other areas, such as the pancreas.

By enhancing the gut's protective functions and adjusting the composition of gut bacteria, our findings suggest that inulin can play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance and preventing autoimmune reactions. Overall, the results highlight the importance of dietary choices in managing autoimmune disorders, showing promise for inulin as a favorable intervention.
Read More
We explored the impact of inulin, a fermentable fiber, on type 1 diabetes, particularly focusing on its potential to influence autoimmune responses. Using both streptozotocin-induced diabetes models and non-obese diabetic mice, we set out to observe whether diets enriched with inulin could offer protective effects against the development of diabetes.

Our findings revealed that inulin not only helped manage blood sugar levels but also preserved important fat storage in the body. Compared to standard grain-based diets and insoluble fibers like cellulose, those supplemented with inulin showed significant benefits. This included improved pancreatic function and insulin sensitivity, suggesting a robust mechanism behind its action.

Additionally, we noted that the positive results linked to inulin were connected to changes in gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in health. These effects were observable even after blocking fermentation, indicating that short-chain fatty acids produced from inulin are key players in combating diabetes. Intriguingly, our research also highlighted that interleukin 22—a protein involved in immune responses—was restored with inulin intake, which appeared necessary for its full benefits.

Overall, our study underscores the potential of inulin-rich diets as a promising strategy for preventing or treating type 1 diabetes, opening new pathways for dietary approaches in managing autoimmune disorders.
Read More
9
Inulin-type fructans and diabetes
We explored the impact of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) on the progression of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Our analysis involved comparing two types of ITFs—long-chain and short-chain—while observing their effects on diabetes development alongside immune responses, gut barrier function, and the composition of gut bacteria.

The results were quite impressive. We found that the long-chain ITF significantly reduced the incidence of type 1 diabetes, while the short-chain variant showed no such effect. This protective benefit of long-chain ITF came from its ability to enhance regulatory T-cell responses, which are crucial in controlling immune reactions. We noticed increased levels of specific immune cells that help maintain a balanced immune environment in the pancreas, spleen, and colon.

Additionally, long-chain ITF improved gut barrier function and boosted the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. It also altered the gut microbiota, promoting a healthier balance of bacteria that supports immune health. Overall, our findings highlight that specific inulin-type fructans can effectively delay the onset of autoimmune diabetes by positively influencing gut health and immune regulation.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 54 Reviews
8
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9
Effective for constipation
117 people found this helpful
I ordered this for my mother, age 76, multiple times. The benefits have been immense! At her age, constipation can be an issue, so finding a safe, regular remedy is essential. This fibre works wonders—she now has a daily bowel movement, and her gastrointestinal tract thanks the manufacturer for this remarkable and affordable product. One teaspoon daily is all she needs. The taste is slightly sweet, and we combine it with Paradise Herbs Zelenka for even better results. I will definitely order again.
Read More
9
Gut health restoration
114 people found this helpful
This is an excellent remedy following antibiotic use, beneficial for intestinal microflora. After contracting COVID-19, my doctor advised a course of probiotics and prebiotics, so I ordered inulin. It, combined with probiotics, effectively restores gut health, noticeable within two days. My stool improved significantly post-inulin, eliminating unpleasant odours and regularising my routine. I mix one teaspoon in water and take it before bed.
Read More
9
Sense of lightness
78 people found this helpful
This is not the first time I’ve ordered it for my husband. After taking inulin, he feels a sense of lightness in his stomach. His food digests significantly better now. He follows the instructions and takes it 30 minutes before meals along with Acidophilus. Previously, without trying Creon, it was challenging to cope with stomach heaviness and belching. I highly recommend this product. It genuinely helps.
Read More
9
Constipation alleviated
11 people found this helpful
I faced extreme constipation recently, possibly linked to my autoimmune disorder. Seeking relief, I found this inulin, taking a teaspoon twice daily. Miraculously, my stool softened within two days. After a month, I felt significantly more comfortable. I plan to continue using a smaller amount daily to maintain this positive change. The flatulence increased initially but has stabilised over time.
Read More
9
Bowel problems resolved
8 people found this helpful
We have been giving the child this product for over a year, and he really enjoys it. Most importantly, his bowel problems resolved within the first two weeks. I recommend it for children with leaky gut syndrome, administered once daily alongside Omega-3. It's crucial to store it in a dark, cool place, and not in the fridge. I have ordered several times and it typically arrives in about two weeks. I suggest ordering a small jar to avoid storing an opened jar for too long. I highly recommend it; it's not only good for our son, but we sometimes enjoy it too; it's very tasty and, most importantly, healthy.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

9
Constipation alleviated
11 people found this helpful
I faced extreme constipation recently, possibly linked to my autoimmune disorder. Seeking relief, I found this inulin, taking a teaspoon twice daily. Miraculously, my stool softened within two days. After a month, I felt significantly more comfortable. I plan to continue using a smaller amount daily to maintain this positive change. The flatulence increased initially but has stabilised over time.
9
Gut health restoration
114 people found this helpful
This is an excellent remedy following antibiotic use, beneficial for intestinal microflora. After contracting COVID-19, my doctor advised a course of probiotics and prebiotics, so I ordered inulin. It, combined with probiotics, effectively restores gut health, noticeable within two days. My stool improved significantly post-inulin, eliminating unpleasant odours and regularising my routine. I mix one teaspoon in water and take it before bed.
9
Effective for constipation
117 people found this helpful
I ordered this for my mother, age 76, multiple times. The benefits have been immense! At her age, constipation can be an issue, so finding a safe, regular remedy is essential. This fibre works wonders—she now has a daily bowel movement, and her gastrointestinal tract thanks the manufacturer for this remarkable and affordable product. One teaspoon daily is all she needs. The taste is slightly sweet, and we combine it with Paradise Herbs Zelenka for even better results. I will definitely order again.
9
Bowel problems resolved
8 people found this helpful
We have been giving the child this product for over a year, and he really enjoys it. Most importantly, his bowel problems resolved within the first two weeks. I recommend it for children with leaky gut syndrome, administered once daily alongside Omega-3. It's crucial to store it in a dark, cool place, and not in the fridge. I have ordered several times and it typically arrives in about two weeks. I suggest ordering a small jar to avoid storing an opened jar for too long. I highly recommend it; it's not only good for our son, but we sometimes enjoy it too; it's very tasty and, most importantly, healthy.
9
Sense of lightness
78 people found this helpful
This is not the first time I’ve ordered it for my husband. After taking inulin, he feels a sense of lightness in his stomach. His food digests significantly better now. He follows the instructions and takes it 30 minutes before meals along with Acidophilus. Previously, without trying Creon, it was challenging to cope with stomach heaviness and belching. I highly recommend this product. It genuinely helps.
8
Regular bowel movements
15 people found this helpful
Inulin is a superb prebiotic of excellent quality with a pleasant taste and aroma. It enhances digestive function and regulates intestinal microflora, making stools regular. I take it first thing in the morning: one teaspoon of inulin with a teaspoon of psyllium in warm water for three months. I highly recommend it.
9
Leaky gut recovery
3 people found this helpful
I deal with leaky gut due to high stress and autoimmune issues. I use this daily—one teaspoon in my morning coffee. It's mildly sweet, and I gradually increased to three teaspoons a day. Combined with another product from IHerb, they've significantly improved my leaky gut issues. Essential for anyone on a weight loss journey since it's tough to lose weight with leaky gut.
9
Inulin mitigates autoimmune effects
We set out to understand how inulin, a common prebiotic, influences autoimmune disorders, specifically in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a well-established mouse model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we examined the effects of oral inulin on MS symptoms.

Our findings revealed that when mice were given inulin, there was a significant reduction in the severity of EAE. This was accompanied by less inflammation and less damage to the protective covering of nerves in the central nervous system. We also observed a decrease in specific immune cells known as Th17 cells, which are often linked to autoimmune diseases.

Moreover, the levels of certain inflammatory markers in the blood, like IL-17 and TNF-α, also dropped after inulin treatment. Notably, we found that inulin altered the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and the production of butyric acid, which is thought to play a protective role. In follow-up experiments, the gut contents from inulin-treated mice showed promise in reducing EAE symptoms when transplanted into other mice, further supporting our findings about the positive impact of inulin on MS-related autoimmune responses.

However, when we introduced antibiotics to the mix, the benefits of inulin diminished, highlighting the important relationship between inulin, gut bacteria, and the overall effectiveness against EAE. Through this research, we suggest that inulin could represent a potential new strategy for managing symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis by harnessing its effects on gut health and immune balance.
8
Dietary fiber aids autoimmune health
We examined how a high-fiber diet, particularly one rich in inulin and pectin, affects individuals with autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. The study focused on collagen-induced arthritis, a common model for RA, and evaluated whether this dietary intervention could help alleviate symptoms.

Through our observations, we found that the high-fiber diet notably eased arthritis symptoms in mice. This positive effect was linked to a balance between two types of immune cells known as Th17 and Treg, which are crucial in regulating autoimmune responses. As we explored further, it became clear that changes in gut microbiota and increased butyrate levels in feces were key factors behind this improvement.

We also discovered that simply adding butyrate to the drinking water produced similar beneficial effects, reaffirming the diet's impact. Butyrate appeared to change the metabolic behavior of CD4 T cells in a way that supports a healthier immune response. Overall, our findings suggest that dietary strategies focused on fiber, and specifically inulin, can play an important role in managing autoimmune disorders by restoring proper gut health and immune function.
We explored how an anti-inflammatory diet, specifically one enriched with inulin (a type of soluble fiber) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), can restore gut barrier integrity and prevent autoimmune conditions like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in a specific mouse model known as NOD mice.

In this study, we found that this dietary approach effectively strengthened the gut barrier, leading to increased thickness of the mucus layer and elevated levels of protective mucins. It also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation and promoted a healthier balance of immune cells in the gut and other areas, such as the pancreas.

By enhancing the gut's protective functions and adjusting the composition of gut bacteria, our findings suggest that inulin can play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance and preventing autoimmune reactions. Overall, the results highlight the importance of dietary choices in managing autoimmune disorders, showing promise for inulin as a favorable intervention.
9
Inulin-type fructans and diabetes
We explored the impact of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) on the progression of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Our analysis involved comparing two types of ITFs—long-chain and short-chain—while observing their effects on diabetes development alongside immune responses, gut barrier function, and the composition of gut bacteria.

The results were quite impressive. We found that the long-chain ITF significantly reduced the incidence of type 1 diabetes, while the short-chain variant showed no such effect. This protective benefit of long-chain ITF came from its ability to enhance regulatory T-cell responses, which are crucial in controlling immune reactions. We noticed increased levels of specific immune cells that help maintain a balanced immune environment in the pancreas, spleen, and colon.

Additionally, long-chain ITF improved gut barrier function and boosted the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. It also altered the gut microbiota, promoting a healthier balance of bacteria that supports immune health. Overall, our findings highlight that specific inulin-type fructans can effectively delay the onset of autoimmune diabetes by positively influencing gut health and immune regulation.
We conducted a study to explore the effects of prebiotic inulin, specifically oligofructose-enriched inulin, on children battling type 1 diabetes (T1D). This randomized, placebo-controlled trial involved participants aged 8 to 17 over a span of 12 weeks. We aimed to assess how inulin could influence glycemic control, gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability.

During our research, we found that while the overall results showed promising potential, there were no significant differences in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia between the groups. However, we did observe that children receiving inulin exhibited a notable increase in their C-peptide levels after three months, which indicates an improvement in their insulin production.

Additionally, the inulin group showed a modest enhancement in intestinal permeability and an increase in beneficial gut bacteria. Although these improvements were only partially sustained over time, they suggest that adding inulin to the treatment regimen of children with T1D may offer a new avenue for slightly better glycemic control. Nevertheless, larger-scale trials will be essential to draw more definitive conclusions about the benefits of inulin on autoimmune aspects in diabetes.
4
Inulin shows limited autoimmune benefits
We explored whether dietary fiber, specifically inulin-type fructans (ITF), could help mitigate the vascular and renal issues faced by mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In our research, we treated female NZBWF1 (SLE) mice with inulin and another type of resistant starch, comparing their effects.

Surprisingly, while both dietary fibers showed promise in improving conditions like hypertension and kidney damage, we did not see any improvement in disease activity levels, such as spleen enlargement or antibody production. This indicated that inulin alone might not effectively lower the autoimmune response in this specific model.

Additionally, our study highlighted the important role of gut microbiota in these processes. In fact, the fiber treatments positively shifted the gut bacteria composition, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. However, neither inulin nor resistant starch altered the levels of disease markers like proteinuria or autoimmunity in the treated mice.

Overall, we noticed that inulin can prevent hypertension and improve vascular function, but its ability to influence overall disease activity remained limited in this model of SLE. This research brings valuable insights into how dietary fibers might help manage complications from autoimmune disorders, even if they don't fully address all aspects of the disease.

References

  1. Li N, Han X, Ruan M, Huang F, Yang L, et al. Prebiotic inulin controls Th17 cells mediated central nervous system autoimmunity through modulating the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids. Gut Microbes. 2024;16:2402547. 10.1080/19490976.2024.2402547
  2. Lou Y, Wen X, Song S, Zeng Y, Huang L, et al. Dietary pectin and inulin: A promising adjuvant supplement for collagen-induced arthritis through gut microbiome restoration and CD4 T cell reconstitution. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;133:109699. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109699
  3. Hashmi HF, Xuan X, Chen K, Zhang P, Shahab M, et al. Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases. Sci Rep. 2024;14:11291. 10.1038/s41598-024-61387-7
  4. Moleón J, González-Correa C, Miñano S, Robles-Vera I, de la Visitación N, et al. Protective effect of microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids on vascular dysfunction in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus induced by toll like receptor 7 activation. Pharmacol Res. 2023;198:106997. 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106997
  5. Guimarães JB, Rodrigues VF, Pereira ÍS, Manso GMDC, Elias-Oliveira J, et al. Inulin prebiotic ameliorates type 1 diabetes dictating regulatory T cell homing via CCR4 to pancreatic islets and butyrogenic gut microbiota in murine model. J Leukoc Biol. 2024;115:483. 10.1093/jleuko/qiad132
  6. Moleón J, González-Correa C, Robles-Vera I, Miñano S, de la Visitación N, et al. Targeting the gut microbiota with dietary fibers: a novel approach to prevent the development cardiovascular complications linked to systemic lupus erythematosus in a preclinical study. Gut Microbes. 2023;15:2247053. 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247053
  7. Lo Conte M, Antonini Cencicchio M, Ulaszewska M, Nobili A, Cosorich I, et al. A diet enriched in omega-3 PUFA and inulin prevents type 1 diabetes by restoring gut barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in NOD mice. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1089987. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089987
  8. Zhang R, Xiao Y, Yan J, Yang W, Wu X, et al. Effects of Berberine Plus Inulin on Diabetes Care in Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:876657. 10.3389/fendo.2022.876657
  9. Zou J, Reddivari L, Shi Z, Li S, Wang Y, et al. Inulin Fermentable Fiber Ameliorates Type I Diabetes via IL22 and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Experimental Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;12:983. 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.014
  10. Ho J, Nicolucci AC, Virtanen H, Schick A, Meddings J, et al. Effect of Prebiotic on Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:4427. 10.1210/jc.2019-00481
  11. Chen K, Chen H, Faas MM, de Haan BJ, Li J, et al. Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61. 10.1002/mnfr.201601006
  12. Sitkin SI, Tkachenko EI, Vakhitov TIa, Oreshko LS, Zhigalova TN. [Serum metabolome by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in patients with ulcerative colitis and celiac disease]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2013.
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