Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7.6
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 28 Reviews
8.9
Supplement Facts
Serving Size:   2 Softgels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
20
 
Total Fat
2 g
3%**
Saturated Fat
0.5 g
3%**
Polyunsaturated Fat
1 g
Monounsaturated Fat
0.5 g
Fish Oil Concentrate
2 g (2,000 mg)
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
360 mg
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
240 mg

Top Medical Research Studies

9
Eicosapentaenoic acid alleviates back pain
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might help in treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a major contributor to back pain. Research highlights that this condition often involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), key processes that worsen IDD. Our investigation demonstrated that EPA can promote autophagy, a process that helps cells clean up and maintain balance within the ECM.

Through our experiments, we treated nucleus pulposus cells—cells in the discs that often suffer from degeneration—with EPA. We observed that EPA not only boosted autophagy but also suppressed the harmful effects of ER stress, reducing cell death and limiting ECM degradation. Additionally, we utilized a rat model of IDD to see if these protective effects translated into a real-world setting. The findings indicated that EPA improved the health of the discs and effectively slowed down the progression of IDD in these rats.

In summary, this research highlights the potential of EPA as a therapeutic option for managing back pain related to disc degeneration. Our results suggest that EPA could play an important role in supporting the health of intervertebral discs and mitigating some of the common issues associated with chronic back pain.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids pain relief
We conducted a thorough investigation into how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could relieve chronic low-back and knee pain in adults. The study was carefully structured as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which helps ensure that the findings are reliable and unbiased.

Our participants, totaling 120 adults who had been suffering from pain in their low back and knees for at least three months, were divided into two groups. One group received a daily dose of 594 mg of l-serine combined with 149 mg of EPA, while the other group received a placebo. Over the course of eight weeks, we tracked their progress using various pain measurement tools.

The results were promising, showing that both l-serine and EPA together led to meaningful reductions in pain scores. This suggests that including EPA in treatment plans could be beneficial for those suffering from persistent low-back pain.

Our trial highlighted the importance of this combination in pain relief, particularly for chronic conditions. The findings from this study hold potential for guiding future treatments aimed at enhancing the quality of life for many suffering from chronic pain.
Read More
We aimed to explore how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can impact intervertebral disc degeneration, which is a common cause of lower back pain. In the study, we used Sprague Dawley rats that had their lumbar discs punctured to induce degeneration. After the surgery, the rats were split into two groups: one received a daily diet enriched with EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while the other group followed a standard diet.

After a month of the omega-3 supplementation, we noticed a significant drop in specific blood markers indicating inflammation. By the end of the two-month period, advanced imaging techniques and tissue analysis revealed that the rats on the omega-3 diet had maintained better hydration and displayed less damage to their intervertebral discs compared to the control group.

These findings suggest that incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into the diet could reduce the inflammation linked to disc degeneration, potentially offering a protective effect against the progression of back pain. This research opens pathways to exploring omega-3s as a viable treatment option for people suffering from chronic back issues.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Eased back pain
This vitamin is the best I have tried. As a chronic pain sufferer, I'm always looking for supplements to help. This one gives me an energy boost, and I am experiencing less back pain after taking it.
Read More
9.5
Eliminated back pain
I've been taking this vitamin for a month now, and my back pain from work is gone. The quality of life improvement is worth the money.
Read More
9.5
Back pain relief
I was suffering from lower back pain, but after taking this vitamin, I woke up the next day feeling stronger than ever!
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7.6
  • All Researches
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid alleviates back pain
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might help in treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a major contributor to back pain. Research highlights that this condition often involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), key processes that worsen IDD. Our investigation demonstrated that EPA can promote autophagy, a process that helps cells clean up and maintain balance within the ECM.

Through our experiments, we treated nucleus pulposus cells—cells in the discs that often suffer from degeneration—with EPA. We observed that EPA not only boosted autophagy but also suppressed the harmful effects of ER stress, reducing cell death and limiting ECM degradation. Additionally, we utilized a rat model of IDD to see if these protective effects translated into a real-world setting. The findings indicated that EPA improved the health of the discs and effectively slowed down the progression of IDD in these rats.

In summary, this research highlights the potential of EPA as a therapeutic option for managing back pain related to disc degeneration. Our results suggest that EPA could play an important role in supporting the health of intervertebral discs and mitigating some of the common issues associated with chronic back pain.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids pain relief
We conducted a thorough investigation into how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could relieve chronic low-back and knee pain in adults. The study was carefully structured as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which helps ensure that the findings are reliable and unbiased.

Our participants, totaling 120 adults who had been suffering from pain in their low back and knees for at least three months, were divided into two groups. One group received a daily dose of 594 mg of l-serine combined with 149 mg of EPA, while the other group received a placebo. Over the course of eight weeks, we tracked their progress using various pain measurement tools.

The results were promising, showing that both l-serine and EPA together led to meaningful reductions in pain scores. This suggests that including EPA in treatment plans could be beneficial for those suffering from persistent low-back pain.

Our trial highlighted the importance of this combination in pain relief, particularly for chronic conditions. The findings from this study hold potential for guiding future treatments aimed at enhancing the quality of life for many suffering from chronic pain.
Read More
We aimed to explore how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can impact intervertebral disc degeneration, which is a common cause of lower back pain. In the study, we used Sprague Dawley rats that had their lumbar discs punctured to induce degeneration. After the surgery, the rats were split into two groups: one received a daily diet enriched with EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while the other group followed a standard diet.

After a month of the omega-3 supplementation, we noticed a significant drop in specific blood markers indicating inflammation. By the end of the two-month period, advanced imaging techniques and tissue analysis revealed that the rats on the omega-3 diet had maintained better hydration and displayed less damage to their intervertebral discs compared to the control group.

These findings suggest that incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into the diet could reduce the inflammation linked to disc degeneration, potentially offering a protective effect against the progression of back pain. This research opens pathways to exploring omega-3s as a viable treatment option for people suffering from chronic back issues.
Read More
We aimed to find out how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 fatty acid, could affect intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a common cause of lower back pain. In our study, we used a group of 12 rats, all of whom underwent a procedure to induce disc degeneration.

After the injury, half of the rats were given a daily supplement of omega-3 fatty acids, while the other half received only a sugar solution as control. Over the course of the study, we measured various outcomes related to inflammation and disc health.

We observed that the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in blood markers associated with inflammation. Additionally, the results indicated that those receiving DHA were less affected by disc dehydration, and the tissue damage due to the induced injury was noticeably less severe in this group.

Overall, this suggests that increasing our intake of omega-3 fatty acids, like DHA, may offer protective effects against the degeneration of intervertebral discs and could potentially ease back pain related to this condition.
Read More
We conducted a clinical trial to assess whether omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could alleviate back pain associated with dysmenorrhea in young women. Our study involved 36 participants aged 18 to 22, who were divided into two groups. One group received a daily dose of fish oil containing DHA while the other received a placebo over three months.

After the supplementation, we observed a notable reduction in pain levels, as measured by a visual analogue scale. The fish oil group reported a score of 20.9, significantly lower than the 61.8 from the placebo group, showcasing a clear advantage of the fish oil treatment. Moreover, participants experienced a marked reduction in both back and abdominal pain.

Those taking the fish oil also needed fewer rescue doses of ibuprofen, suggesting that DHA may play a beneficial role in managing pain symptoms. However, it’s important to note that while our findings indicate a reduction in pain, distinguishing the isolated effect of DHA from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was not possible in this study, as both were present in the fish oil used.

Overall, we found that dietary supplementation with fish oil rich in omega-3s could be a promising approach for young women suffering from dysmenorrhea-related back pain, although further studies might be necessary to explore the specific contributions of each fatty acid.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 28 Reviews
8.9
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Eased back pain
This vitamin is the best I have tried. As a chronic pain sufferer, I'm always looking for supplements to help. This one gives me an energy boost, and I am experiencing less back pain after taking it.
Read More
9.5
Eliminated back pain
I've been taking this vitamin for a month now, and my back pain from work is gone. The quality of life improvement is worth the money.
Read More
9.5
Back pain relief
I was suffering from lower back pain, but after taking this vitamin, I woke up the next day feeling stronger than ever!
Read More
9.5
No more back pain
I noticed that menstrual pain is gone after starting Omega-3, making it easier without painkillers. My health is also good!
Read More
9.5
Improved back pain
Surprisingly, Omega-3 has been refreshing. By the second capsule, I felt health improvements, including less back pain and easier mornings. For $9.95, it’s the best quality supplement I’ve found.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Back pain is a common ailment that affects millions of people worldwide and can vary significantly in intensity and duration. It can be classified into two main categories: acute and chronic. Acute back pain often arises suddenly due to a specific injury or strain, while chronic back pain persists for a longer duration, typically defined as lasting for 12 weeks or more. The pain can occur in various regions of the back, including the lower, middle, or upper sections, and may be accompanied by additional symptoms such as stiffness, muscle spasms, or reduced mobility.

Causes of back pain can range from poor posture, overexertion, or lifting heavy objects incorrectly to more serious conditions such as herniated discs, arthritis, or spinal abnormalities. Treatment options usually depend on the underlying cause and may include rest, physical therapy, medications, or, in some cases, surgical interventions. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise, proper ergonomics, and strength training can help prevent back pain and improve overall spinal health.

Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.

Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.

Omega-3 fish oil is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, which could potentially provide relief for certain types of back pain. Several studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish oil, may help reduce inflammation in the body, potentially alleviating pain associated with conditions like arthritis or general muscle soreness. By decreasing inflammatory markers, omega-3s may aid in easing chronic pain and improving overall mobility, making it a worthwhile consideration for those suffering from back discomfort.

However, it is important to note that while some individuals may experience relief from back pain with the use of omega-3 fish oil, results can vary significantly from person to person. It’s always wise to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially for chronic pain management. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific health needs and the underlying causes of your back pain. Overall, while omega-3 fish oil might help in managing back pain for some, it should be viewed as part of a broader approach that includes physical therapy, exercise, and possibly other treatments.

Based on user reviews, it appears that many individuals start to notice improvements in their back pain fairly quickly after taking this supplement. Several users report experiencing relief within as little as one week to two weeks of consistent use. For example, one user mentioned feeling stronger and noticing less back pain the day after they started taking the supplement (Read Review). Another user shared that their lower back pain was gone after just two weeks of use (Read Review).

Furthermore, a majority of reviews indicate that noticeable benefits often manifest within a month of incorporation into their daily routine. Reviews indicate that after four weeks of usage, users observed significant changes, with some stating that their back pain had disappeared (Read Review). Thus, while individual experiences may vary, it's reasonable to expect to see improvements in back pain typically within the first month of taking this supplement.

Emerging scientific research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may offer potential benefits for managing back pain. Several studies indicate that higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids are linked to reduced pain intensity in various conditions, including low back pain. For instance, one study involving 503 adults found that a higher ratio of omega-3 intake correlated with a lower likelihood of experiencing back pain, especially in men [2]. While the evidence is promising, it should be noted that responses may vary by gender and individual circumstances.

Additionally, specific studies have shown EPA's protective effects against disc degeneration, a common source of back pain. In experiments with rats, EPA supplementation led to improved disc hydration and reduced inflammation, indicating its potential to mitigate back pain related to disc issues [14] [7]. Moreover, a clinical trial with human participants suggested that consumption of fish oil could lead to significant reductions in pain, allowing some to decrease reliance on traditional pain medications like NSAIDs [12]. While these findings are encouraging, more research is needed to fully understand the scope of omega-3’s benefits for back pain relief and to establish definitive treatment protocols.

Based on user reviews, many individuals report a significant improvement in their back pain symptoms after incorporating this supplement into their daily routine. A user noted experiencing less back pain after just a week, emphasizing the supplement’s immediate benefits for chronic pain sufferers (Read Review). Another user echoed this sentiment, sharing that after a month of consistent use, their back pain from work had completely disappeared, leading to a notable enhancement in their quality of life (Read Review).

A majority of reviews highlighted improvements, with users stating they felt relief within just a couple of weeks. One user mentioned complete relief from their back discomfort after two weeks, while another found significant reduction in back pain accompanied by a boost in energy after only a few days (Read Review)(Read Review). These anecdotal experiences indicate that while results can vary from person to person, many users have reported positive and swift outcomes, making this supplement worthy of consideration for those seeking relief from back pain.

Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining this supplement with other vitamins or supplements to manage back pain. For instance, one user noted that after taking Omega-3 along with vitamin D3, they observed a significant reduction in their back pain, having found relief after just a month of use (Read Review). Similarly, another reviewer indicated that the combination of Omega-3 with calcium and vitamin D contributed significantly to alleviating their chronic pain, including back discomfort (Read Review).

Additionally, several users highly recommended taking these supplements together for enhanced results. One reviewer shared their success story, mentioning that taking Omega-3 before bed improved their back pain and overall muscle discomfort significantly (Read Review). This anecdotal evidence suggests that stacking these supplements not only enhances their effectiveness in relieving back pain but may also contribute to better overall health.

The optimal dose of Omega-3 Fish Oil for treating back pain appears to be in the range of 1200 mg of omega-3 fatty acids daily, specifically highlighted in a study where 250 patients reported significant improvements in their pain levels after a month of supplementation [12]. Additionally, a combination of 594 mg of l-serine and 149 mg of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) led to meaningful pain relief in participants suffering from chronic low-back pain, emphasizing the potential effectiveness of this specific dosage in tackling similar issues [8].

Furthermore, while Omega-3 supplementation, particularly with EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has shown promise in both animal and human studies for reducing inflammation and improving disc health, there isn’t a universally prescribed single optimal dose for all cases of back pain. The varying effectiveness of these supplements based on individual characteristics and the context of pain suggests that personalized dosing may be necessary. Overall, incorporating these omega-3 doses into a broader treatment plan could benefit individuals grappling with back pain issues [14].

9.5
Back pain relief
I was suffering from lower back pain, but after taking this vitamin, I woke up the next day feeling stronger than ever!
9.5
Overall health improvement
I loved this product! After two weeks, my lower back pain and other discomforts were gone, and I felt great. I take two capsules daily, though I didn't notice any weight loss effects.
9.5
Eliminated knee pain
I purchased Omega 3 on my rheumatologist's advice for knee pain. After a month of taking two capsules daily along with vitamin D3, I realised my back pain had disappeared. I'm very pleased with the product's quality.
9.5
Eased back pain
This vitamin is the best I have tried. As a chronic pain sufferer, I'm always looking for supplements to help. This one gives me an energy boost, and I am experiencing less back pain after taking it.
9.5
Eliminated back pain
I've been taking this vitamin for a month now, and my back pain from work is gone. The quality of life improvement is worth the money.
9.5
Reduced body pain
I heard that taking this with calcium and vitamin D could alleviate my chronic body pain. Thanks to this, I've experienced less discomfort, including my back pain.
8
Easier menstruation
I took two Omega 3 capsules before bed and found it easier to swallow. After a few trials, I discovered this timing worked best for me. I also noticed relief from back pain and muscle discomfort, which I couldn’t previously express. I’m incredibly pleased!
We examined the connection between the levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the blood and chronic pain conditions like lower back pain. In our study of 503 adults, we found that a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 was linked to increased odds of experiencing both low back pain and temporomandibular disorder.

Interestingly, while men benefited from higher levels of omega-3 causing lower pain likelihood, the same effect wasn't seen for women. Overall, our findings suggest that omega-3 could play a role in managing back pain, although the results vary by gender.
We aimed to find out how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 fatty acid, could affect intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a common cause of lower back pain. In our study, we used a group of 12 rats, all of whom underwent a procedure to induce disc degeneration.

After the injury, half of the rats were given a daily supplement of omega-3 fatty acids, while the other half received only a sugar solution as control. Over the course of the study, we measured various outcomes related to inflammation and disc health.

We observed that the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in blood markers associated with inflammation. Additionally, the results indicated that those receiving DHA were less affected by disc dehydration, and the tissue damage due to the induced injury was noticeably less severe in this group.

Overall, this suggests that increasing our intake of omega-3 fatty acids, like DHA, may offer protective effects against the degeneration of intervertebral discs and could potentially ease back pain related to this condition.
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid alleviates back pain
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might help in treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a major contributor to back pain. Research highlights that this condition often involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), key processes that worsen IDD. Our investigation demonstrated that EPA can promote autophagy, a process that helps cells clean up and maintain balance within the ECM.

Through our experiments, we treated nucleus pulposus cells—cells in the discs that often suffer from degeneration—with EPA. We observed that EPA not only boosted autophagy but also suppressed the harmful effects of ER stress, reducing cell death and limiting ECM degradation. Additionally, we utilized a rat model of IDD to see if these protective effects translated into a real-world setting. The findings indicated that EPA improved the health of the discs and effectively slowed down the progression of IDD in these rats.

In summary, this research highlights the potential of EPA as a therapeutic option for managing back pain related to disc degeneration. Our results suggest that EPA could play an important role in supporting the health of intervertebral discs and mitigating some of the common issues associated with chronic back pain.
7
EPA proves beneficial for back pain
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a key ingredient in fish oil, can help alleviate back pain as an alternative to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The backdrop for this investigation stems from the known risks associated with NSAIDs, which can range from gastric ulcers to heart complications. In our assessment, we focused on 250 patients suffering from nonsurgical neck or back pain who were encouraged to take 1200 mg of omega-3 fatty acids daily from fish oil.

After about a month, we gathered feedback via a questionnaire. Among the 125 patients who responded, 60% reported an overall improvement in their pain levels. Interestingly, nearly 59% were able to stop taking their prescribed NSAIDs while using fish oil. Satisfaction was notably high, with 80% of patients expressing contentment with their improvement and 88% wishing to continue the supplement. Furthermore, reports of adverse side effects were minimal, indicating a promising safety profile for fish oil supplements.

Overall, our findings align with existing research suggesting EPA as an effective alternative for managing back pain. It appears that fish oil supplements could serve as a safer, more natural approach to pain relief for individuals looking to reduce their reliance on traditional pain medications.
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids pain relief
We conducted a thorough investigation into how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could relieve chronic low-back and knee pain in adults. The study was carefully structured as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which helps ensure that the findings are reliable and unbiased.

Our participants, totaling 120 adults who had been suffering from pain in their low back and knees for at least three months, were divided into two groups. One group received a daily dose of 594 mg of l-serine combined with 149 mg of EPA, while the other group received a placebo. Over the course of eight weeks, we tracked their progress using various pain measurement tools.

The results were promising, showing that both l-serine and EPA together led to meaningful reductions in pain scores. This suggests that including EPA in treatment plans could be beneficial for those suffering from persistent low-back pain.

Our trial highlighted the importance of this combination in pain relief, particularly for chronic conditions. The findings from this study hold potential for guiding future treatments aimed at enhancing the quality of life for many suffering from chronic pain.

References

  1. Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, et al. Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions. J Pain. 2023;24:478. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.008
  2. Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, et al. Circulating Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Painful Temporomandibular Disorder and Low Back Pain. J Pain. 2022;23:1724. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.008
  3. Sasahara I, Yamamoto A, Takeshita M, Suga Y, Suzuki K, et al. l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020;150:2278. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa156
  4. NaPier Z, Kanim LEA, Arabi Y, Salehi K, Sears B, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:9531. doi:10.12659/MSM.918649
  5. Maroon JC, Bost JW. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) as an anti-inflammatory: an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for discogenic pain. Surg Neurol. 2006;65:326.
  6. Sanders AE, Weatherspoon ED, Ehrmann BM, Soma PS, Shaikh SR, et al. Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain Intensity in Five Chronic Pain Conditions. J Pain. 2023;24:478. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.008
  7. Lin Z, Ni L, Teng C, Zhang Z, Wu L, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Induced Autophagy Attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Extracellular Matrix Degradation, and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:745621. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.745621
  8. Sasahara I, Yamamoto A, Takeshita M, Suga Y, Suzuki K, et al. l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020;150:2278. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa156
  9. NaPier Z, Kanim LEA, Arabi Y, Salehi K, Sears B, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:9531. doi:10.12659/MSM.918649
  10. Kawabata F, Tsuji T. Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms of asthenopia in humans. Biomed Res. 2011;32:387.
  11. Moghadamnia AA, Mirhosseini N, Abadi MH, Omranirad A, Omidvar S. Effect of Clupeonella grimmi (anchovy/kilka) fish oil on dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr Health J. 2010;16:408.
  12. Maroon JC, Bost JW. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) as an anti-inflammatory: an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for discogenic pain. Surg Neurol. 2006;65:326.
  13. Dai Y, Chen Y, Gu R, Zhang C, Jiang R. Causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with chronic pain: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1265928. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1265928
  14. NaPier Z, Kanim LEA, Arabi Y, Salehi K, Sears B, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:9531. doi:10.12659/MSM.918649
  15. Kawabata F, Tsuji T. Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil, bilberry extract, and lutein on subjective symptoms of asthenopia in humans. Biomed Res. 2011;32:387.
  16. Moghadamnia AA, Mirhosseini N, Abadi MH, Omranirad A, Omidvar S. Effect of Clupeonella grimmi (anchovy/kilka) fish oil on dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr Health J. 2010;16:408.
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