We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid, specifically a compound called 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE), affects diarrhea caused by inflammation in mice. In our study, the mice were given a substance that induces colitis, known as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and then treated with different doses of 5,6-DiHETE orally.
What we found was promising: the administration of both 150 and 600 micrograms of 5,6-DiHETE daily helped to speed up the recovery from diarrhea. After just a few days of treatment, we observed significant improvements in the mice’s condition. The daily doses led to less inflammation in the colon and a notable reduction in the symptoms of diarrhea associated with DSS-induced colitis.
We also measured how much of this compound remained in the mice's blood after taking it, finding that it peaked within half an hour of administration. This suggests that 5,6-DiHETE works relatively quickly to start affecting the inflammation. Overall, our research indicates that eicosapentaenoic acid holds potential as a beneficial treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases that cause diarrhea.
Read More
8
Fatty acids combat swine viruses
DHA and EPA inhibit porcine coronavirus replication by alleviating ER stress.
Our exploration into the impact of fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on porcine coronaviruses revealed noteworthy findings. We found that these acids significantly reduce the viral load of several dangerous porcine viruses, including the ones responsible for diarrhea in pigs, like porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). This reduction occurs during viral replication, rather than hindering the virus's ability to enter the cells, indicating a specific action against the viral lifecycle.
We confirmed that both DHA and EPA help in reducing inflammation and lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within cells infected by these viruses. By doing so, they also enhance the overall antioxidant capacity of the cells, providing a protective effect against the stress caused by the viruses. Overall, our findings suggest that EPA, along with DHA, could play a critical role in developing new approaches to managing infection and, consequently, controlling outbreaks of diarrhea-causing viruses in the swine industry.
These findings are particularly relevant as we look for effective treatments to combat the viral threats facing livestock and, by extension, the agricultural economy. Thus, the antiviral properties of these fatty acids provide a promising avenue for future research and therapeutic development.
Read More
8
Dietary ω3 fatty acids' benefits
Dietary ω3 fatty acid exerts anti-allergic effect through the conversion to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the gut.
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a crucial metabolite derived from dietary ω3 fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our investigation aimed to understand how these compounds can potentially reduce allergic reactions, including those that lead to diarrhea.
In our study, we observed that mice consuming ALA-rich linseed oil exhibited lower instances of allergic diarrhea. This decrease seemed to stem from impaired mast cell degranulation, which is a process crucial for allergic responses. Interestingly, it didn’t affect allergen-specific serum IgE levels, suggesting a targeted response against the symptoms rather than the underlying allergy itself.
Through our detailed analyses, we identified 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) as a major metabolite produced in the gut from EPA. Notably, this compound demonstrated anti-allergic properties when administered in vivo, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target for managing intestinal allergies, including diarrhea.
While the research provides promising insights into the benefits of EPA, it's essential to note that the specific mechanisms and isolated effects need further clarity. Overall, our findings point to a compelling link between dietary ω3 fatty acids and their capability to ameliorate diarrhea through their metabolic pathways.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
0
Stomach issues
1 people found this helpful
For some reason, I had a strong stomach reaction after starting the recommended dose, leading to diarrhoea. Upon halting the intake, the symptoms disappeared. It might be an intolerance to certain components, as I didn’t have this issue with regular fish oil.
Read More
9
Health improvements
Taking Omega-3 in tailored doses can lead to beneficial changes, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and enhancing digestion. It may also normalise the menstrual cycle, improve sperm quality, and support heart health. Notably, Omega-3 may enhance cognitive skills and strengthen immunity, leading to better overall well-being and potentially alleviating issues like diarrhoea.
Read More
9
No diarrhoea
I was concerned that the iHerb brand of Omega-3 would upset my stomach and cause diarrhoea like others have, but I am pleased to say it didn't affect me negatively at all. I took it without experiencing any digestive issues.
Our exploration into the impact of fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on porcine coronaviruses revealed noteworthy findings. We found that these acids significantly reduce the viral load of several dangerous porcine viruses, including the ones responsible for diarrhea in pigs, like porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). This reduction occurs during viral replication, rather than hindering the virus's ability to enter the cells, indicating a specific action against the viral lifecycle.
We confirmed that both DHA and EPA help in reducing inflammation and lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within cells infected by these viruses. By doing so, they also enhance the overall antioxidant capacity of the cells, providing a protective effect against the stress caused by the viruses. Overall, our findings suggest that EPA, along with DHA, could play a critical role in developing new approaches to managing infection and, consequently, controlling outbreaks of diarrhea-causing viruses in the swine industry.
These findings are particularly relevant as we look for effective treatments to combat the viral threats facing livestock and, by extension, the agricultural economy. Thus, the antiviral properties of these fatty acids provide a promising avenue for future research and therapeutic development.
Read More
8
Nutritional management in SAH patients
Early Enteral Nutrition with High-Protein Whey Peptide Digestive Nutrients May Improve Prognosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.
We explored the effect of early enteral nutrition on patients who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In a retrospective study involving 245 patients, we compared two different liquid diets: one rich in high-protein whey peptide and the other containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
Our focus was on understanding how these diets impacted patients' health outcomes, especially regarding diarrhea. While we noticed that the high-protein whey peptide group had a lower rate of diarrhea (about 15.8%) compared to the EPA group (34.3%), we couldn’t isolate the effects of EPA specifically on gastrointestinal issues.
Overall, the study indicated that the choice of nutrients in enteral feeding could influence recovery and comfort for SAH patients. However, it’s important to note that the findings on eicosapentaenoic acid alone did not demonstrate any significant benefit regarding diarrhea in this context.
Read More
8
5,6-DiHETE alleviates diarrhea
Efficient Attenuation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Oral Administration of 5,6-Dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic Acid in Mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid, specifically a compound called 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE), affects diarrhea caused by inflammation in mice. In our study, the mice were given a substance that induces colitis, known as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and then treated with different doses of 5,6-DiHETE orally.
What we found was promising: the administration of both 150 and 600 micrograms of 5,6-DiHETE daily helped to speed up the recovery from diarrhea. After just a few days of treatment, we observed significant improvements in the mice’s condition. The daily doses led to less inflammation in the colon and a notable reduction in the symptoms of diarrhea associated with DSS-induced colitis.
We also measured how much of this compound remained in the mice's blood after taking it, finding that it peaked within half an hour of administration. This suggests that 5,6-DiHETE works relatively quickly to start affecting the inflammation. Overall, our research indicates that eicosapentaenoic acid holds potential as a beneficial treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases that cause diarrhea.
Read More
8
Fiber and EPA benefit GI health
Gastrointestinal tolerance and plasma status of carotenoids, EPA and DHA with a fiber-enriched tube feed in hospitalized patients initiated on tube nutrition: Randomized controlled trial.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to explore how a fiber, fish oil, and carotenoid-enriched tube feed formula might impact gastrointestinal (GI) health, particularly diarrhea, among hospitalized patients starting tube nutrition.
In this study, we compared the enriched formula to a standard, non-enriched tube feed. Daily records were kept on incidences of diarrhea and constipation based on stool frequency and consistency. After a week, we also measured levels of essential nutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the patients' plasma.
Our findings suggest that the nutrient-enriched formula may positively influence GI tolerance. We observed a reduced incidence of diarrhea among those receiving the enriched formula, along with a significant improvement in plasma levels of EPA, as well as DHA and carotenoids.
It’s important to note, however, that while the results point to benefits, the isolated effect of EPA on diarrhea couldn’t be definitively determined due to the combination of other treatments included in the formula.
Overall, this study showcases the potential advantages of using a specially formulated tube feed to support nutritional status and improve gastrointestinal outcomes for patients in need.
Read More
8
Dietary ω3 fatty acids' benefits
Dietary ω3 fatty acid exerts anti-allergic effect through the conversion to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the gut.
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a crucial metabolite derived from dietary ω3 fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Our investigation aimed to understand how these compounds can potentially reduce allergic reactions, including those that lead to diarrhea.
In our study, we observed that mice consuming ALA-rich linseed oil exhibited lower instances of allergic diarrhea. This decrease seemed to stem from impaired mast cell degranulation, which is a process crucial for allergic responses. Interestingly, it didn’t affect allergen-specific serum IgE levels, suggesting a targeted response against the symptoms rather than the underlying allergy itself.
Through our detailed analyses, we identified 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) as a major metabolite produced in the gut from EPA. Notably, this compound demonstrated anti-allergic properties when administered in vivo, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic target for managing intestinal allergies, including diarrhea.
While the research provides promising insights into the benefits of EPA, it's essential to note that the specific mechanisms and isolated effects need further clarity. Overall, our findings point to a compelling link between dietary ω3 fatty acids and their capability to ameliorate diarrhea through their metabolic pathways.
For some reason, I had a strong stomach reaction after starting the recommended dose, leading to diarrhoea. Upon halting the intake, the symptoms disappeared. It might be an intolerance to certain components, as I didn’t have this issue with regular fish oil.
Read More
9
Health improvements
Taking Omega-3 in tailored doses can lead to beneficial changes, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and enhancing digestion. It may also normalise the menstrual cycle, improve sperm quality, and support heart health. Notably, Omega-3 may enhance cognitive skills and strengthen immunity, leading to better overall well-being and potentially alleviating issues like diarrhoea.
Read More
9
No diarrhoea
I was concerned that the iHerb brand of Omega-3 would upset my stomach and cause diarrhoea like others have, but I am pleased to say it didn't affect me negatively at all. I took it without experiencing any digestive issues.
Read More
0
Disappointed effects
I was dissatisfied with this Omega. I faced fishy belching, pain, heartburn, and diarrhoea while taking it. Though my grandmother had no side effects, I won’t continue with this brand. I might just stick to sea fish in my diet instead.
Read More
7.5
Reduced diarrhoea
I suspect I have a mild gluten intolerance as certain foods make me hungry. Although I didn't notice a change in my skin, Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced my diarrhoea when consuming flour-based foods. They have become essential for me, allowing me to manage my diet while avoiding flour as much as possible.
Diarrhea is a condition characterized by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools, which can occur due to various factors, including infections, dietary choices, and underlying health conditions. It often results from the body's response to an irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, or certain medications. While most cases tend to be short-lived and resolve on their own, diarrhea can lead to dehydration, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly.
Managing diarrhea typically involves staying hydrated by drinking clear fluids and, when necessary, replenishing lost electrolytes. In some cases, over-the-counter medications may provide relief, although it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe symptoms. A focus on bland, easy-to-digest foods can also help during recovery. Remember, if diarrhea persists for more than a couple of days or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms—like high fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in stools—seeking medical attention is crucial.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from taking Omega-3 for diarrhea can vary. Some users have reported experiencing initial digestive issues, with diarrhea occurring shortly after starting the supplement. For instance, one user noted having a strong stomach reaction leading to diarrhea after beginning the recommended dose, which disappeared upon halting the intake Read Review. In contrast, another user mentioned that their symptoms improved over time, indicating that persistence may be key, as they experienced some diarrhea initially but saw improvements in their stomach and intestines later on Read Review.
Other reviewers highlighted that Omega-3 can be beneficial for digestive issues, particularly when managing specific intolerances. For example, one user found that Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced their diarrhea when consuming flour-based foods, suggesting that changes might not be immediate but could help manage symptoms effectively Read Review. Overall, while some may encounter immediate side effects, others have reported improvements over time, making it reasonable to expect variable timelines for results with Omega-3 supplementation for diarrhea.
This supplement, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), shows some potential in the context of managing conditions associated with diarrhea, though further research is still needed. A study demonstrated that administering 5,6-DiHETE, a compound derived from EPA, resulted in reduced diarrhea symptoms in mice experiencing colitis [3]. In addition to this, a randomized controlled trial indicated a nutrient-enriched tube feed containing EPA may help improve gastrointestinal tolerance and reduce instances of diarrhea among hospitalized patients [4].
However, results regarding EPA’s direct impact on diarrhea remain inconclusive. For instance, while certain studies have shown improvements in inflammatory conditions associated with diarrhea, they did not explicitly isolate EPA's effects on the symptom itself, indicating that more targeted studies are necessary [7]. Overall, while there are promising highlights, the scientific backing for EPA and DHA as effective supplements for diarrhea varies, requiring more focused investigations to confirm their efficacy definitively.
Based on user reviews, there are varied reports of improvement in symptoms associated with Omega-3 supplementation. Some users have experienced a noticeable reduction in diarrhea, particularly in relation to specific food intolerances. For instance, one user highlighted that Omega-3 fatty acids significantly decreased their diarrhea when consuming flour-based foods, suggesting its role in better managing digestive health Read Review. Meanwhile, another review mentioned initial digestive upset followed by gradual improvements, indicating that individual persistence might be necessary for optimal results Read Review.
On the other hand, some users reported negative side effects during their first interactions with Omega-3 supplements. For example, one individual experienced fishy belching and diarrhea while taking a specific brand, yet noted that their grandmother faced no issues on the same regimen Read Review. Another user, apprehensive at first, found their experience to be positive, with no negative digestive impacts after using the product Read Review. Ultimately, while some users report beneficial effects from Omega-3 supplementation, experiences can vary widely, and factors such as specific sensitivities and dosage adjustments may influence outcomes.
Users have reported mixed experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with their regimens for managing diarrhea. Some users, like one reviewer, experienced adverse effects including diarrhea after starting a recommended dose, which resolved upon discontinuation of the supplement. This suggests the possibility of intolerances to specific formulations or ingredients within Omega-3 products, unlike traditional fish oil, which did not cause similar issues for them Read Review. In contrast, another user proactively monitored their response and noted a positive experience without digestive upset, indicating that personal tolerance can vary significantly Read Review.
Furthermore, some users have found that Omega-3 can contribute to better digestive health over time. One reviewer specifically mentioned that Omega-3 fatty acids helped reduce their diarrhea when consuming gluten-containing foods, suggesting that this supplement can be beneficial when navigating dietary restrictions Read Review. Others have indicated that while they initially faced diarrhea, their symptoms improved gradually, demonstrating that patience may be key in finding the right balance with Omega-3 supplementation Read Review. Overall, combining Omega-3 with dietary considerations appears to offer potential benefits, but individual responses can vary widely.
Users have reported mixed experiences when it comes to finding the right dose of Omega-3 fish oil for managing diarrhea. Some individuals noted that they had a strong stomach reaction after starting the recommended dose, leading to diarrhea which resolved after discontinuing the supplement. For example, one user mentioned experiencing this issue with the recommended dose but did not have similar problems with regular fish oil Read Review. Others, however, observed that personalized doses of Omega-3 could potentially enhance digestion and help alleviate issues like diarrhea, suggesting that a tailored approach could be beneficial Read Review.
Additionally, some users reported initial digestive issues, including diarrhea, but later noted improvements in their symptoms over time Read Review. While one individual managed to take Omega-3 without any adverse effects, others shared their concerns regarding specific brands that caused digestive discomfort Read ReviewRead Review. Overall, the feedback suggests that while Omega-3 can be beneficial in managing digestive health, users may need to experiment with the dosage and brand to minimize any adverse reactions.
0
Stomach issues
1 people found this helpful
For some reason, I had a strong stomach reaction after starting the recommended dose, leading to diarrhoea. Upon halting the intake, the symptoms disappeared. It might be an intolerance to certain components, as I didn’t have this issue with regular fish oil.
7.5
Initial diarrhoea
I experienced some diarrhoea initially, but my stomach and intestines improved over time. I'm hopeful that Omega-3 will work effectively for me in the long run.
7.5
Reduced diarrhoea
I suspect I have a mild gluten intolerance as certain foods make me hungry. Although I didn't notice a change in my skin, Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced my diarrhoea when consuming flour-based foods. They have become essential for me, allowing me to manage my diet while avoiding flour as much as possible.
0
Disappointed effects
I was dissatisfied with this Omega. I faced fishy belching, pain, heartburn, and diarrhoea while taking it. Though my grandmother had no side effects, I won’t continue with this brand. I might just stick to sea fish in my diet instead.
9
No diarrhoea
I was concerned that the iHerb brand of Omega-3 would upset my stomach and cause diarrhoea like others have, but I am pleased to say it didn't affect me negatively at all. I took it without experiencing any digestive issues.
9
Health improvements
Taking Omega-3 in tailored doses can lead to beneficial changes, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and enhancing digestion. It may also normalise the menstrual cycle, improve sperm quality, and support heart health. Notably, Omega-3 may enhance cognitive skills and strengthen immunity, leading to better overall well-being and potentially alleviating issues like diarrhoea.
8
5,6-DiHETE alleviates diarrhea
Efficient Attenuation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Oral Administration of 5,6-Dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic Acid in Mice.
We examined how eicosapentaenoic acid, specifically a compound called 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE), affects diarrhea caused by inflammation in mice. In our study, the mice were given a substance that induces colitis, known as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and then treated with different doses of 5,6-DiHETE orally.
What we found was promising: the administration of both 150 and 600 micrograms of 5,6-DiHETE daily helped to speed up the recovery from diarrhea. After just a few days of treatment, we observed significant improvements in the mice’s condition. The daily doses led to less inflammation in the colon and a notable reduction in the symptoms of diarrhea associated with DSS-induced colitis.
We also measured how much of this compound remained in the mice's blood after taking it, finding that it peaked within half an hour of administration. This suggests that 5,6-DiHETE works relatively quickly to start affecting the inflammation. Overall, our research indicates that eicosapentaenoic acid holds potential as a beneficial treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases that cause diarrhea.
8
Fiber and EPA benefit GI health
Gastrointestinal tolerance and plasma status of carotenoids, EPA and DHA with a fiber-enriched tube feed in hospitalized patients initiated on tube nutrition: Randomized controlled trial.
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to explore how a fiber, fish oil, and carotenoid-enriched tube feed formula might impact gastrointestinal (GI) health, particularly diarrhea, among hospitalized patients starting tube nutrition.
In this study, we compared the enriched formula to a standard, non-enriched tube feed. Daily records were kept on incidences of diarrhea and constipation based on stool frequency and consistency. After a week, we also measured levels of essential nutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the patients' plasma.
Our findings suggest that the nutrient-enriched formula may positively influence GI tolerance. We observed a reduced incidence of diarrhea among those receiving the enriched formula, along with a significant improvement in plasma levels of EPA, as well as DHA and carotenoids.
It’s important to note, however, that while the results point to benefits, the isolated effect of EPA on diarrhea couldn’t be definitively determined due to the combination of other treatments included in the formula.
Overall, this study showcases the potential advantages of using a specially formulated tube feed to support nutritional status and improve gastrointestinal outcomes for patients in need.
8
Fish oil shows potential benefits
Dietary supplementation with fish oil in ulcerative colitis.
We conducted a rigorous study to understand how eicosapentaenoic acid, a key component of fish oil, influences diarrhea in patients suffering from active ulcerative colitis. Through a well-structured multicenter trial, patients received either fish oil or a placebo for four months, with a careful crossover design ensuring that all participants experienced both treatments.
During the study, we closely monitored patients, who were already on medication like prednisone and sulfasalazine, to minimize confounding factors. The results were promising: after the supplementation with fish oil, we observed significant reductions in certain inflammatory markers linked to colitis, alongside improvements in overall health indicators such as weight gain.
However, it's crucial to note that while we did document some positive changes, the study was not specifically designed to isolate the direct effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on diarrhea alone. As a result, while there were improvements in inflammation and general well-being, we cannot definitively state that eicosapentaenoic acid caused a reduction in diarrhea specifically.
Overall, our findings suggest that adding fish oil to existing treatment regimens could offer benefits for those managing ulcerative colitis, though more focused studies are needed to target diarrhea more directly.
References
Suo X, Wang J, Wang D, Fan G, Zhu M, et al. DHA and EPA inhibit porcine coronavirus replication by alleviating ER stress. J Virol. 2023;97:e0120923. 10.1128/jvi.01209-23
Suzuki K, Sato H, Mori H, Matsumoto R, Arimoto Y, et al. Early Enteral Nutrition with High-Protein Whey Peptide Digestive Nutrients May Improve Prognosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58. 10.3390/medicina58091264
Takenouchi S, Imai D, Nakamura T, Murata T. Efficient Attenuation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Oral Administration of 5,6-Dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic Acid in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22. 10.3390/ijms22179295
Jakobsen LH, Wirth R, Smoliner C, Klebach M, Hofman Z, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerance and plasma status of carotenoids, EPA and DHA with a fiber-enriched tube feed in hospitalized patients initiated on tube nutrition: Randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2017;36:380. 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.001
Kunisawa J, Arita M, Hayasaka T, Harada T, Iwamoto R, et al. Dietary ω3 fatty acid exerts anti-allergic effect through the conversion to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the gut. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9750. 10.1038/srep09750
Henderson WR, Astley SJ, McCready MM, Kushmerick P, Casey S, et al. Oral absorption of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with cystic fibrosis who have pancreatic insufficiency and in healthy control subjects. J Pediatr. 1994;124:400.
Stenson WF, Cort D, Rodgers J, Burakoff R, DeSchryver-Kecskemeti K, et al. Dietary supplementation with fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:609.
Lapillonne A, Pastor N, Zhuang W, Scalabrin DM. Infants fed formula with added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and diarrhea during the first year of life. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:168. 10.1186/1471-2431-14-168