We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
Read More
9
DHA aids post-heart attack recovery
The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats.
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on heart attack recovery in rats. The study aimed to understand how DHA, alongside eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can influence heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI).
Using several groups of rats experiencing moderate heart issues, we evaluated how these omega-3 fatty acids impacted heart function. We found that both DHA and EPA effectively curtailed the hypertrophic response in heart cells. This response is a significant factor in heart failure, where heart tissue thickens and hardens.
Notably, both DHA and EPA inhibited the activity of a histone acetyltransferase called p300. This activity is linked to molecular changes that promote heart cell enlargement and fibrosis. In our analysis, we observed that these fatty acids not only preserved cardiac function but also prevented structural changes common after a heart attack.
Overall, we noted that DHA had a comparable protective effect to EPA, significantly improving heart health and reducing fibrosis in the heart tissue. As such, the findings suggest that incorporating DHA could be a heart-friendly choice post-heart attack.
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8
Omega-3 reduces heart attack risk
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on heart attack risk, focusing on African Americans. In a study analyzing data from the VITAL trial, we matched African American participants with non-Hispanic White individuals to simulate a randomized controlled trial.
Surprisingly, our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased heart attack risk in African Americans but showed no benefit for non-Hispanic Whites. This highlights the importance of addressing racial differences in how individuals respond to omega-3 fish oil, urging further research in this area.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Heart attack prevention
1875 people found this helpful
I drink Omega-3 with lecithin, and it has significantly improved my heart health and sleep quality. At my age, staying well is crucial. My family has long-lived members, and I intend to live longer for my grandchildren. I highly recommend Omega-3!
Read More
9
Digestive health
101 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is perfect for me. It has improved my overall health, nourishing my hair, nails, and skin while alleviating heart discomfort. I’ve also noticed improved digestion, all thanks to this high-quality product.
Read More
7.5
Reduces heart attack
98 people found this helpful
I love this Omega supplement! It's effective for promoting heart health by reducing bad cholesterol. I take two capsules daily and consistently recommend this brand.
We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits for smokers' heart health
Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking.
We explored whether icosapent ethyl (IPE), a refined omega-3 fatty acid, could lower heart attack risk among cigarette smokers. In the REDUCE-IT trial, over 8,000 statin-treated patients were randomly assigned to receive either IPE or a placebo for nearly five years.
Our findings showed that IPE significantly reduced cardiovascular events by 25%, especially for current and former smokers. Participants using IPE experienced heart attack rates similar to non-smokers, suggesting that IPE may help lessen cardiovascular risks associated with smoking.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids recovery
Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
We explored the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart attack recovery, particularly its effect on restoring blood flow during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our focus was on understanding whether higher levels of EPA relative to arachidonic acid could lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for patients experiencing this type of heart attack.
The study revealed that patients with elevated EPA levels indeed showed quicker restoration of coronary blood flow. This is promising, as efficient blood flow restoration is critical in minimizing heart damage during a heart attack. However, it’s essential to note that the effectiveness of EPA may vary based on other treatments the patients are receiving.
These findings suggest a positive link between EPA and heart attack recovery, but further investigation is necessary to determine the best approaches for integrating EPA into treatment protocols. Ultimately, while we observed encouraging results, the interplay between dietary interventions and other medical treatments warrants additional research.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids cardiac protection
A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury.
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites can protect heart cells during a heart attack, specifically focusing on a laboratory model for ischemic injury. Our investigation centered on a specific receptor found in heart cells, known as the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (Ffar4).
In our experiments, cardiac myocytes, or heart cells, were exposed to a controlled environment mimicking conditions of reduced blood flow followed by reoxygenation, essentially simulating a heart attack scenario. Applying an Ffar4 agonist, TUG-891, along with EPA-derived components like 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and resolvin E1 (RvE1), we observed a significant reduction in harmful reactive oxygen species and heart cell death.
Notably, blocking the ChemR23 receptor with a specific antagonist negated the protective effects we noted from these treatments. This finding highlights that Ffar4 and ChemR23 work together in heart cells to defend against the damage that occurs after ischemic injury.
Overall, our data reinforce the idea that eicosapentaenoic acid has beneficial roles in protecting heart cells from ischemia, meriting further exploration as a potential therapeutic in heart attack management.
I drink Omega-3 with lecithin, and it has significantly improved my heart health and sleep quality. At my age, staying well is crucial. My family has long-lived members, and I intend to live longer for my grandchildren. I highly recommend Omega-3!
Read More
9
Digestive health
101 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is perfect for me. It has improved my overall health, nourishing my hair, nails, and skin while alleviating heart discomfort. I’ve also noticed improved digestion, all thanks to this high-quality product.
Read More
7.5
Reduces heart attack
98 people found this helpful
I love this Omega supplement! It's effective for promoting heart health by reducing bad cholesterol. I take two capsules daily and consistently recommend this brand.
Read More
9
Improved well-being
26 people found this helpful
This omega-3 is good and inexpensive for regular intake. My family notices benefits after a few months—such as reduced pressure and headaches. I used to feel exhausted, but now my energy is stable, and I don’t have high blood pressure anymore. I highly recommend taking higher doses consistently for noticeable effects on overall health, including heart health.
Read More
8
Heart disease prevention
20 people found this helpful
Omega-3 reduces the risk of heart disease, enhances blood circulation, and improves cognitive function. It’s great for lowering blood pressure and aids in diabetes prevention.
A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot. This interruption can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle, leading to serious health complications or death if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Preventing a heart attack largely revolves around maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with managing stress, can significantly lower the risk. Furthermore, understanding your personal risk factors and engaging with healthcare professionals for regular check-ups can be crucial in both prevention and early detection. If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it's important to call emergency services immediately, as timely treatment is vital for survival and recovery.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has been widely studied for its potential benefits in heart health, particularly in reducing the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can help decrease triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and reduce arterial plaque buildup—all factors that can contribute to heart problems. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate that regular supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may lead to a lower risk of heart attack, especially for individuals with existing heart conditions or high-risk factors for heart disease.
However, it's essential to note that while omega-3 fish oil can be beneficial, it should not be viewed as a standalone treatment for heart issues. Those at risk for heart attacks should consider omega-3 supplementation as part of a comprehensive heart health strategy that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and appropriate medical care. If you're considering adding omega-3 fish oil to your regimen, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it's suitable for your individual health needs.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see noticeable results from Omega-3 supplements for heart health varies, but many users report improvements between one to three months. For instance, one reviewer states that after consistently taking the supplement for three months, they noticed their grandmother remained stable post-heart attack Read Review. Another user mentioned that they felt significant health improvements after several months, including reduced headaches and stabilized energy levels Read Review.
Some users suggest that taking higher doses of Omega-3 can lead to quicker and more pronounced effects. For example, one user recommended taking three grams daily for a noticeable impact on heart issues Read Review. Overall, while individual responses may differ, those taking Omega-3 for heart health can generally expect to start observing benefits within a few months, particularly with regular and adequate dosing.
Research supports the use of specific omega-3 fatty acids, particularly icosapent ethyl and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in reducing heart attack risks. Notably, studies including the REDUCE-IT trial indicate that icosapent ethyl lowers the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In a study of nearly 5,800 patients, a significant reduction in MACE was observed, with a 28% lower risk of heart attacks for those taking icosapent ethyl compared to placebo, emphasizing its role in heart attack prevention regardless of baseline LDL cholesterol levels [4].
Additionally, eicosapentaenoic acid, often derived from fish oil, has been linked to heart attack risk reduction. Research shows that higher levels of EPA are associated with a decrease in major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks. In studies analyzing data from the VITAL trial, daily supplementation with EPA was suggested to reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease, particularly heart attacks [17]. Thus, while evidence remains nuanced, icosapent ethyl and EPA appear to hold promise as beneficial supplements in the management and prevention of heart attacks.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report a range of improvements in their health after incorporating Omega-3 supplements into their diets. Users have mentioned enhancements in heart health, including reduced blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and improved overall cardiovascular function. For instance, one reviewer highlighted a significant reduction in heart discomfort and better digestion after starting the supplement Read Review. Another user noted their energy levels stabilized, and headaches diminished significantly after several months of consistent use Read Review.
In addition to heart health, several users also reported positive effects on their sleep quality, skin appearance, and cognitive function. One user shared that their overall health improved, encompassing benefits like clearer skin and revitalized hair after just a month of taking Omega-3 Read Review. Another commenter noted enhanced mental clarity and increased energy during exercise as a result of the supplement Read Review. While individual results may vary, these anecdotal experiences suggest that Omega-3 supplementation can lead to notable improvements in various aspects of health when taken consistently.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report positive experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with other products to enhance heart health. For instance, one user noted significant improvements in heart health and sleep quality when they took Omega-3 alongside lecithin Read Review. Additionally, another reviewer mentioned that adding CoQ10 to their Omega-3 regimen might boost absorption and effectiveness, thereby further supporting cardiovascular health Read Review.
Users also emphasize that higher doses of Omega-3 can amplify its benefits. One reviewer advised taking three grams daily for noticeable improvements in heart issues Read Review. This suggests that pairing Omega-3 with other supplements or increasing its dosage may offer enhanced protection against heart-related conditions, including heart attacks and high cholesterol Read Review. Throughout the reviews, the consensus appears clear: a thoughtful combination of Omega-3 with other supportive supplements can lead to more pronounced health benefits.
The optimal dose for Omega-3 Fish Oil, particularly in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and icosapent ethyl, has been widely studied with varying results. In several trials, including the REDUCE-IT trial, the regimen of 4 grams of icosapent ethyl daily was associated with a significant reduction in heart attack risk, particularly among high-risk patients with elevated triglycerides. This particular research found that this dosage led to a notable 25% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events when compared with a placebo group [1].
Moreover, the VITAL trial highlighted that a daily supplementation of 1 gram of combined EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) taken over a median follow-up of 5.3 years also showed reductions in heart attacks and hospitalizations, especially among African American participants [13]. Therefore, based on existing studies, recommended doses often vary by formulation, but a range of 1 to 4 grams per day of Omega-3s, particularly in the form of EPA and icosapent ethyl, seems to offer cardiovascular benefits, especially for those at higher risk.
7.5
Promoted recovery
7 people found this helpful
Excellent omega! I've been taking it for nine months, largely from Now Foods, and I ordered 12 cans for my family. Omega-3 is vital for our bodies, noticeably enhancing brain function. After my grandmother’s heart attack, she has been stable since taking it for three months. Happy shopping and health to all!
9
Pressure management
4 people found this helpful
Omega-3 has been incredibly beneficial for my health. After several months, I noticed improvements, such as no headache or high blood pressure. My tiredness decreased significantly, and my general state of health improved. I recommend taking it in higher doses for a noticeable effect.
7.5
Heart health benefits
1 people found this helpful
Omega 3 is one of my top choices, of good quality in a 100-capsule jar. I take 6 capsules and have felt better, with decreased cholesterol levels. It’s essential to consume 3 grams daily for heart issues. I recommend checking Omega 3 content per capsule before purchase. If you found my review useful, please click Yes. Thank you!
9
Digestive health
101 people found this helpful
This Omega-3 is perfect for me. It has improved my overall health, nourishing my hair, nails, and skin while alleviating heart discomfort. I’ve also noticed improved digestion, all thanks to this high-quality product.
9
Improved well-being
26 people found this helpful
This omega-3 is good and inexpensive for regular intake. My family notices benefits after a few months—such as reduced pressure and headaches. I used to feel exhausted, but now my energy is stable, and I don’t have high blood pressure anymore. I highly recommend taking higher doses consistently for noticeable effects on overall health, including heart health.
7.5
Reduced heartburn
100 people found this helpful
After a month of taking Omega-3, my heartburn has disappeared, my skin’s appearance has improved, and my hair loss has significantly decreased. Omega-3 plays a vital role in reducing the risk of heart attack and preventing sclerotic issues.
7.5
Improved heart function
1 people found this helpful
I've seen an improvement in my heart function with Omega 3. My pulse is stable, and I feel more energetic for exercise. My mental clarity has also increased, and the capsules are easy to swallow without causing discomfort. I take them regularly, and the pack lasts long, which I appreciate. I highly recommend this product for anyone looking to boost their health!
9
Heart attack prevention
1875 people found this helpful
I drink Omega-3 with lecithin, and it has significantly improved my heart health and sleep quality. At my age, staying well is crucial. My family has long-lived members, and I intend to live longer for my grandchildren. I highly recommend Omega-3!
7.5
Trustworthy quality
22 people found this helpful
This fish oil is one of the best on iHerb, providing essential omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular health and brain function. With 18 ingredients and strict GMP compliance, I trust its quality. Omega-3 fatty acids are critical to health and help reduce the risk of heart attack and inflammation, particularly when taken with lecithin and CoQ10 to boost absorption.
9
Cholesterol control
4 people found this helpful
Omega-3 reduces triglycerides and bad cholesterol while increasing good cholesterol, which can lower blood pressure and help prevent heart attacks, as well as improve overall health.
8
Omega-3 improves heart attack outcomes
Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.
We observed that icosapent ethyl, a type of omega-3 fish oil, plays a significant role in reducing heart attack risk among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In a study involving almost 5,800 participants, those taking icosapent ethyl experienced lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to those on placebo.
The treatment showed effectiveness across all levels of cardiovascular risk, particularly benefiting those at higher risk. Overall, this suggests that incorporating icosapent ethyl could be an important option for managing heart attack risks.
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
8
Omega-3 fish oil findings mixed
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence.
We explored the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on preventing heart attacks through the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL), which involved nearly 26,000 adults. Participants received either omega-3 fish oil or an olive oil placebo for over five years.
Although the overall findings didn't show a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events, omega-3 supplementation did lower the risk of heart attacks and recurrent hospitalizations for heart failure. Interestingly, African Americans benefited the most from the treatment, showing substantial improvements in these areas.
More research is needed to identify which individuals might gain the most from omega-3 fish oil treatment.
References
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Sun S, Hara A, Johnstone L, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, et al. Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16172933
Ahmadi M, Askari VR, Shahri B, Mousavi Noghab SM, Jarahi L, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398:881. 10.1007/s00210-024-03330-1
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Bernhard B, Heydari B, Abdullah S, Francis SA, Lumish H, et al. Effect of six month's treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol. 2024;399:131698. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131698
Irfan A, Haider SH, Nasir A, Larik MO, Naz T. Assessing the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids + Statins vs. Statins Only on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40,991 Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024;49:102245. 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102245
Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15194235
Jin D, Trichia E, Islam N, Lewington S, Lacey B. Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23:365. 10.1186/s12872-023-03394-6
Lyytinen AT, Yesmean M, Manninen S, Lankinen M, Bhalke M, et al. Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;33:1453. 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.011
Chiusolo S, Bork CS, Gentile F, Lundbye-Christensen S, Harris WS, et al. Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2023;262:38. 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019
Kobara M, Shiraishi T, Noda K, Toba H, Nakata T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2023;16:816. 10.1007/s12265-023-10363-z
Rodriguez D, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani RV. Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14235146
Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1297. 10.1093/cvr/cvac172
Nishizaki Y, Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Study protocol and baseline characteristics of Randomized trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid: RESPECT-EPA, the combination of a randomized control trial and an observational biomarker study. Am Heart J. 2023;257:1. 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.11.008
Miller M, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2023;9:129. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac045
Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Morita SX, Slipczuk L, Takagi H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Cardiovascular Events Reduction- Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiol. 2022;80:416. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.008
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Yamada R, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi T, Horikoshi T, et al. Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025. 10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003
Puccini SJ, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Ahmed AR, Shearer GC, et al. A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury. bioRxiv. 2025. 10.1101/2024.11.26.625260
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024. 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z
Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, et al. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1229130. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229130
Myhre PL, Berge T, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and risk of atrial fibrillation and 'micro-atrial fibrillation': A secondary analysis from the OMEMI trial. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1657. 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.002
Borghi C, Bragagni A. Clinical results and mechanism of action of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023;25:B37. 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad088
Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. 10.1093/ehjci/jead063
Luo X, Liu M, Wang S, Chen Y, Bao X, et al. Combining metabolomics and OCT to reveal plasma metabolic profiling and biomarkers of plaque erosion and plaque rupture in STEMI patients. Int J Cardiol. 2023;390:131223. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131223
Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, et al. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:1389. 10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w
Park GH, Cho JH, Lee D, Kim Y. Association between Seafood Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14224864
Alfaddagh A, Kapoor K, Dardari ZA, Bhatt DL, Budoff MJ, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events: Implications for primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2022;353:11. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1018
Sunagawa Y, Katayama A, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, et al. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;106:109031. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109031
Halade GV, Kain V, De La Rosa X, Lindsey ML. Metabolic transformation of fat in obesity determines the inflammation resolving capacity of splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;322:H953. 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2021
Shi Y, Li H, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhu Q, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1509421. 10.1155/2022/1509421
Wang CP, Lee CC, Wu DY, Chen SY, Lee TM. Differential effects of EPA and DHA on PPARγ-mediated sympathetic innervation in infarcted rat hearts by GPR120-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;103:108950. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108950
Myhre PL, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, Schmidt EB, et al. Changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of cardiovascular events and atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the OMEMI trial. J Intern Med. 2022;291:637. 10.1111/joim.13442
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, et al. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e022617. 10.1161/JAHA.121.022617