Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is characterized by an itchy, blister-like rash, fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. The illness is most commonly seen in children, though it can affect individuals of any age. Once contracted, chickenpox typically results in a mild to moderate illness, leading to immunity against the virus afterward. In most cases, symptoms appear 10 to 21 days after exposure, with the rash usually presenting as clusters of red spots that develop into itchy fluid-filled blisters.
While chickenpox is often regarded as a rite of passage for children, it can lead to complications such as skin infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis, especially in high-risk individuals, including newborns and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of chickenpox and its associated complications. The varicella vaccine, usually given in childhood, not only protects individuals from the infection but also helps in reducing the overall spread of the virus in the population.