Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.2
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 6 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%

Top Medical Research Studies

8
Vitamin D reduces eczema severity
We focused on understanding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, in both children and adults. This systematic review analyzed data from eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving a total of 686 participants.

Each study compared participants receiving vitamin D to those in control groups, measuring their eczema severity using established scoring systems. The results were compelling. We found that vitamin D supplementation led to a noteworthy reduction in eczema severity compared to those who did not receive this treatment.

Specifically, the analysis indicated a standardized mean difference of -0.41, suggesting significant benefits for individuals taking vitamin D. However, it’s essential to note that while the findings are promising, larger and longer-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 improves eczema symptoms
We explored the potential benefits of vitamin D3 as a treatment for eczema, a condition that has been increasingly prevalent in recent years. By examining several randomized controlled trials, we were able to focus on how effective vitamin D3 might be in alleviating the symptoms of eczema, as measured by established severity indexes.

Our analysis included ten studies, with eight of them providing sufficient data for a quantitative comparison. In comparing the vitamin D3 group to control groups, we observed a significant reduction in eczema severity, evidenced by lower scores on the SCORAD and EASI scales. Specifically, participants taking vitamin D3 had a mean difference of -5.96, indicating a meaningful improvement in their symptoms.

This evidence suggests that incorporating vitamin D3 into eczema management could be beneficial. We believe this finding is important as it highlights a potential therapeutic avenue for eczema sufferers looking for effective solutions.
Read More
We explored the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on winter-related atopic dermatitis (eczema) in children. Our study involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where kids aged 2 to 17 years were given either vitamin D3 or a placebo for one month.

We found that children who received vitamin D3 experienced a significant improvement in their eczema symptoms. Specifically, those taking vitamin D3 saw a notable reduction in their Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score compared to those on placebo, with a difference that was both clinically and statistically significant.

Importantly, kids in the vitamin D3 group also received education on skincare and emollients, ensuring a comprehensive approach to managing their condition. No adverse effects were reported in either the vitamin D3 or placebo groups, highlighting its safety.

Overall, our findings suggest that vitamin D3 is a promising treatment for alleviating winter-related eczema in children, particularly in regions where vitamin D deficiency is prevalent during the colder months.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

9.5
Eczema improvement
A fantastic supplement that everyone needs. I order it for my 11-year-old daughter, and it's been effective; her eczema on her hands has disappeared.
Read More
8.8
Strengthened immune system
Vitamin D3 regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, and strengthens the immune system. The active component, cholecalciferol, inhibits the growth of tumours, fights inflammation, and helps with eczema. I have been taking it regularly, and my test results indicate it works remarkably well. All good health!🙌
Read More
9.5
Multiple benefits
This highly active vitamin D-3 2000 IU by Now Foods aids dental health, bone strength, immunity, and skin condition. It's suitable for those with autoimmune diseases, including eczema. The recommended dosage is one capsule daily.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 29 Researches
7.2
  • All Researches
9
Vitamin D3 relates to eczema severity
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 levels on children suffering from eczema in a study involving 159 pediatric patients. The children were grouped based on the severity of their eczema, allowing us to see how varying levels of vitamin A, vitamin D3, and certain inflammatory markers changed with the severity of the condition.

Our findings revealed that as the severity of eczema increased, the levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 decreased. Meanwhile, we noticed a rise in inflammatory markers such as TG2, IL-4, and IL-13. Interestingly, we found a strong negative correlation between the levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 and the eczema severity scores, indicating that lower vitamin D levels were associated with more severe eczema symptoms.

After three months of treatment, children across all severity groups showed significant improvement in their vitamin A and D3 levels, along with changes in the inflammatory markers. Notably, 25-(OH)D3 demonstrated the best accuracy in diagnosing the severity of eczema compared to the other markers examined. This suggests that monitoring vitamin D3 could be quite valuable for assessing and managing eczema in children.

Overall, our study indicates that vitamin D3 plays a significant role in the severity of eczema symptoms, reinforcing the importance of maintaining healthy vitamin D levels for children suffering from this condition.
Read More
9
We investigated the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on eczema severity in children. Over six weeks, a group of 22 children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis took oral vitamin D3 weekly. We measured changes in their skin's expression of important proteins and how their eczema was doing overall.

The results were quite promising. After the treatment, not only did the children's vitamin D levels increase, but there was also a noticeable decrease in eczema severity as measured by the SCORAD index. Our findings revealed that both the vitamin D receptor and a skin defense protein called Cathelicidin saw significant increases—especially in areas affected by eczema. However, we found that levels of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (another important skin factor) did not change after the treatment.

Overall, this study suggests that oral vitamin D3 can play a beneficial role in managing eczema in children, helping improve their skin health alongside enhancing important skin functions. This gives us new insights into how vitamin D3 might serve as a supportive treatment option.
Read More
9
Vitamin D3 reduces eczema risk
We investigated how maternal supplementation with vitamin D3 during pregnancy influences the risk of developing atopic eczema in children. Our research was part of the UK Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS), a well-designed, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pregnant women in the study were assigned to take either 1000 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or a placebo from around 14 weeks of gestation until delivery.

We tracked the prevalence of atopic eczema in their children at ages 12, 24, and 48 months, using recognized criteria for diagnosis. Our findings suggest that maternal cholecalciferol supplementation plays a beneficial role, as we noted a potential protective effect against the development of infantile atopic eczema. This effect might be due to increased levels of vitamin D3 in breast milk, which may help bolster the child’s immune system.

These results add valuable information to the conversation about how prenatal interventions can influence childhood health, particularly in relation to skin conditions like eczema.
Read More
9
Vitamin D boosts levels, not symptoms
We examined how vitamin D3 levels affect atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, particularly in patients undergoing narrowband ultraviolet B (nbUVB) therapy. This study involved 38 patients divided by gender and severity of their dermatitis, and tracked changes in both their vitamin D levels and their eczema severity before and after treatment.

Following the nbUVB therapy, we noted a remarkable increase in the median serum vitamin D levels—from 45 nmol/l before treatment to 169 nmol/l after treatment. Alongside this boost in vitamin D levels, we also observed a noteworthy reduction in eczema severity, with the average score dropping significantly.

However, our findings did not show a clear connection between the increase in vitamin D levels and the improvement in eczema severity. This suggests that while patients with eczema may benefit from increased vitamin D due to treatments like nbUVB, the direct relationship between vitamin D levels and eczema severity isn't confirmed by our study.

Overall, while patients with atopic dermatitis may be at risk of vitamin D deficiency, our results imply that simply increasing vitamin D levels might not guarantee improvements in eczema severity.
Read More
8
Vitamin D's role in eczema severity
We investigated the levels of vitamin D and other related factors in children suffering from eczema to better understand their relationship with the severity of this condition. Our analysis included 159 children, categorized by the severity of their eczema symptoms into mild, moderate, and severe groups.

Over the course of the study, we observed that as eczema severity increased, serum levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 (a form of vitamin D) tended to decrease. Conversely, levels of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13), which are markers of inflammation, increased. Significant correlations emerged showing that lower levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 were linked to higher SCORAD scores (a measure of eczema severity), while increases in TG2, IL-4, and IL-13 levels paralleled worsening symptoms.

Importantly, vitamin D levels had the highest accuracy for assessing eczema severity compared to the other markers studied. After treatment over three months, we noted improvements in the levels of all measured indicators, suggesting that addressing these serum factors could have a positive impact on managing eczema symptoms.

Our findings indicate that monitoring vitamin D levels, along with other serum indicators, might offer valuable insights for clinicians in evaluating and treating eczema in children.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 6 Reviews
8.5
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
9.5
Eczema improvement
A fantastic supplement that everyone needs. I order it for my 11-year-old daughter, and it's been effective; her eczema on her hands has disappeared.
Read More
8.8
Strengthened immune system
Vitamin D3 regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, and strengthens the immune system. The active component, cholecalciferol, inhibits the growth of tumours, fights inflammation, and helps with eczema. I have been taking it regularly, and my test results indicate it works remarkably well. All good health!🙌
Read More
9.5
Multiple benefits
This highly active vitamin D-3 2000 IU by Now Foods aids dental health, bone strength, immunity, and skin condition. It's suitable for those with autoimmune diseases, including eczema. The recommended dosage is one capsule daily.
Read More
8.8
Dosage guidelines
Vitamin D is essential for all ages. I take 5000 IU, while my teenagers take 2000 IU. My eczema remains stable, thanks to this vitamin.
Read More
8.8
Eczema relief
I previously had a vitamin D level of 30. I take two 2000 IU tablets daily, and after two months, my energy has increased, and my eczema has improved.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflamed, itchy, and red patches on the skin. It is most commonly seen in children but can occur at any age. The condition can range from mild to severe and often leads to dry, scaly skin that can become cracked or even bleed. Eczema is believed to be related to a combination of genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, and environmental factors, including allergens, irritants, and stress.

Treatment for eczema often involves a multi-faceted approach, including the use of moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated, topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and, in some cases, antihistamines to alleviate itching. Identifying and avoiding triggers such as certain soaps, fabrics, or foods can also play a crucial role in managing the condition. While there is currently no cure for eczema, ongoing advancements in research have led to the development of new therapies, including biologic medications that target specific components of the immune response, offering hope for those with moderate to severe cases.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, supporting immune system function, and facilitating normal cell growth and development. It plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the gut, which is vital for bone health. Unlike most vitamins, our bodies can produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, which is why it’s often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." However, depending on your geographical location, lifestyle, and skin type, getting sufficient Vitamin D from the sun alone can be challenging, particularly during the winter months.

In addition to sunlight, Vitamin D can be obtained from certain foods such as fatty fish (like salmon and mackerel), fish liver oils, and fortified foods like milk and cereals. Some individuals may also consider supplements, especially if they're at risk for deficiency. Insufficient vitamin D levels are linked to various health issues, including rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and even an increased risk of chronic diseases. Regularly checking your vitamin D levels and consulting with a healthcare professional can help ensure you're meeting your needs for optimal health.

While more research is needed, some studies suggest that Vitamin D may play a role in managing eczema symptoms. Vitamin D is known for its immune-modulating properties, which can be beneficial for skin health. Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is often associated with an overactive immune response, leading to inflammation and irritation. Supplementing with Vitamin D might help in regulating this immune reaction and improving overall skin barrier function.

However, it's essential to approach Vitamin D supplementation carefully, as the right dosage can vary greatly among individuals. If you're considering taking Vitamin D for eczema, consult with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific condition and nutritional needs. Keep in mind that while Vitamin D might help some individuals, it is not a universal solution, and various treatments may be necessary to effectively manage eczema symptoms.

Based on user reviews, the timeframe for seeing results from taking vitamin D supplements for eczema can vary widely. Some users report noticing significant improvements relatively quickly, while others indicate a longer period before results are evident. For instance, one reviewer mentioned that their daughter’s eczema on her hands disappeared after starting the supplement, implying a swift response to the treatment (Read Review).

Conversely, another user reported that after consistently using the supplement for two months, they noticed an overall improvement in their eczema symptoms alongside increased energy levels (Read Review). Generally, it seems that while some individuals may experience faster results, a period of anywhere from a few weeks to two months appears common for users to begin noticing the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for managing eczema.

Recent scientific research supports the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for managing eczema, particularly in children. One systematic review of eleven randomized controlled trials with a total of 686 participants demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation notably reduced eczema severity, with a standardized mean difference indicating significant improvements in those receiving vitamin D compared to control groups [2]. Furthermore, a study focusing on over 4,000 mother-infant pairs revealed that low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy were linked to a 77% increased risk of infants developing eczema, underscoring the importance of adequate vitamin D during this critical period [3].

Additionally, investigations into the relationship between vitamin D levels and eczema severity showed that lower vitamin D was associated with higher eczema symptom scores in children [14]. Some studies indicated that vitamin D3 supplementation not only increased serum vitamin D levels in children but also led to significant decreases in eczema severity scores [16]. While the evidence is compelling, there is a noted need for larger, long-term studies to fully confirm the effectiveness and optimal dosages of vitamin D for eczema management. Overall, emerging data highlight vitamin D's role as a promising adjunctive therapy in the treatment of eczema.

Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their eczema symptoms after incorporating vitamin D supplements into their routine. For instance, one user noted that their daughter experienced a complete disappearance of eczema on her hands after starting the supplement, indicating a swift and effective response to treatment (Read Review). Additionally, another user shared their experience of taking vitamin D regularly, highlighting that their eczema remained stable, which suggests ongoing management of symptoms (Read Review).

Moreover, some users have reported improvements in energy levels alongside better skin condition. One reviewer stated that after consistently taking two 2000 IU tablets daily for two months, they noticed an increase in energy and a marked improvement in their eczema (Read Review). However, it's important to note that individual results can vary, and while many users find relief, some have encountered challenges, as seen in a review where a user experienced eczema after switching supplements (Read Review). Overall, vitamin D supplementation appears to be beneficial for many, but results may be inconsistent across the board.

Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining vitamin D supplements with other health management strategies for eczema. For example, one user noted that after regularly taking vitamin D, their daughter's eczema completely disappeared, suggesting effective synergy in treatment (Read Review). Additionally, another user highlighted the overall improvement in their eczema condition as well as increased energy levels after taking two 2000 IU tablets daily for two months, pointing to a beneficial combination of vitamin D for both skin health and vitality (Read Review).

Conversely, not all experiences have been positive; one user reported that after switching to a different supplement, they developed eczema, indicating that combining supplements or altering a routine can lead to adverse effects (Read Review). Overall, while many users affirm the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for managing eczema when taken consistently, it is important for individuals to monitor their own responses, especially when combining it with other health supplements.

Based on user reviews, there is a variation in the reported effective doses of Vitamin D for treating eczema. Some users note that taking 2000 IU daily can be beneficial; for example, one reviewer mentioned that they experienced improvements in their eczema after using this dose for two months (Read Review). Another user also suggested that one capsule of 2000 IU is suitable for skin conditions like eczema and recommended this dosage (Read Review).

In contrast, other users report taking higher doses, with one individual mentioning that they take 5000 IU while their teenagers take 2000 IU, linking their stable eczema to this regimen (Read Review). Therefore, while 2000 IU seems to be a popular starting point for many, particularly for those with eczema, some users find higher doses more effective. Overall, it's clear that there is no one-size-fits-all answer, and users should consider their individual health needs when determining the right dose.

9.5
Eczema improvement
A fantastic supplement that everyone needs. I order it for my 11-year-old daughter, and it's been effective; her eczema on her hands has disappeared.
8.8
Eczema relief
I previously had a vitamin D level of 30. I take two 2000 IU tablets daily, and after two months, my energy has increased, and my eczema has improved.
8.8
Dosage guidelines
Vitamin D is essential for all ages. I take 5000 IU, while my teenagers take 2000 IU. My eczema remains stable, thanks to this vitamin.
2.5
Caused eczema
I purchased this to boost my immunity against Covid, and while I haven't caught a cold, I developed eczema, so I have switched to a different supplement.
9.5
Multiple benefits
This highly active vitamin D-3 2000 IU by Now Foods aids dental health, bone strength, immunity, and skin condition. It's suitable for those with autoimmune diseases, including eczema. The recommended dosage is one capsule daily.
8
Vitamin D reduces eczema severity
We focused on understanding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, in both children and adults. This systematic review analyzed data from eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving a total of 686 participants.

Each study compared participants receiving vitamin D to those in control groups, measuring their eczema severity using established scoring systems. The results were compelling. We found that vitamin D supplementation led to a noteworthy reduction in eczema severity compared to those who did not receive this treatment.

Specifically, the analysis indicated a standardized mean difference of -0.41, suggesting significant benefits for individuals taking vitamin D. However, it’s essential to note that while the findings are promising, larger and longer-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.
8
Maternal vitamin D influences infant eczema
We examined the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels during early pregnancy and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, in infants. Our study involved 4,051 woman-infant pairs, focusing on those with singleton pregnancies. We looked closely at the vitamin D levels of mothers in their first trimester and analyzed how these levels, along with vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, influenced the likelihood of infants developing AD.

The results showed that infants born to mothers with low vitamin D levels faced a significantly higher risk of developing eczema. Specifically, mothers with vitamin D deficiency had a 77% increased risk of their infants developing AD. Interestingly, this heightened risk was mostly observed in naturally conceived pregnancies, while those conceived through assisted reproductive techniques didn't show the same association.

Additionally, we found that mothers who took vitamin D or multivitamin supplements during pregnancy had a lower risk of having infants with AD. This suggests that adequate vitamin D intake may play a protective role against eczema in infants. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels in expectant mothers, as doing so could help reduce the risk of eczema in their future children.
9
Vitamin D3 relates to eczema severity
We explored the effects of vitamin D3 levels on children suffering from eczema in a study involving 159 pediatric patients. The children were grouped based on the severity of their eczema, allowing us to see how varying levels of vitamin A, vitamin D3, and certain inflammatory markers changed with the severity of the condition.

Our findings revealed that as the severity of eczema increased, the levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 decreased. Meanwhile, we noticed a rise in inflammatory markers such as TG2, IL-4, and IL-13. Interestingly, we found a strong negative correlation between the levels of vitamin A and 25-(OH)D3 and the eczema severity scores, indicating that lower vitamin D levels were associated with more severe eczema symptoms.

After three months of treatment, children across all severity groups showed significant improvement in their vitamin A and D3 levels, along with changes in the inflammatory markers. Notably, 25-(OH)D3 demonstrated the best accuracy in diagnosing the severity of eczema compared to the other markers examined. This suggests that monitoring vitamin D3 could be quite valuable for assessing and managing eczema in children.

Overall, our study indicates that vitamin D3 plays a significant role in the severity of eczema symptoms, reinforcing the importance of maintaining healthy vitamin D levels for children suffering from this condition.
9
We investigated the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on eczema severity in children. Over six weeks, a group of 22 children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis took oral vitamin D3 weekly. We measured changes in their skin's expression of important proteins and how their eczema was doing overall.

The results were quite promising. After the treatment, not only did the children's vitamin D levels increase, but there was also a noticeable decrease in eczema severity as measured by the SCORAD index. Our findings revealed that both the vitamin D receptor and a skin defense protein called Cathelicidin saw significant increases—especially in areas affected by eczema. However, we found that levels of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (another important skin factor) did not change after the treatment.

Overall, this study suggests that oral vitamin D3 can play a beneficial role in managing eczema in children, helping improve their skin health alongside enhancing important skin functions. This gives us new insights into how vitamin D3 might serve as a supportive treatment option.

References

  1. Li Y, Wang Z, Li X, Ma K, Shi Z. Changes and clinical significance of serum vitamin A, 25-(OH)D3, TG2, IL-4 and IL-13 levels in children with eczema. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317:375. doi:10.1007/s00403-025-03887-8
  2. Nielsen AY, Høj S, Thomsen SF, Meteran H. Vitamin D Supplementation for Treating Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16234128
  3. Zhang Q, Yang D, Shen Q, Li W, Li R, et al. Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Status in Early Pregnancy and Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy with Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16132168
  4. McCarthy RL, Tawfik SS, Theocharopoulos I, Atkar R, McDonald B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and atopic dermatitis severity in a Bangladeshi population living in East London: A cross-sectional study. Skin Health Dis. 2024;4:e358. doi:10.1002/ski2.358
  5. Vassilopoulou E, Comotti A, Douladiris N, Konstantinou GΝ, Zuberbier T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional and dietary interventions in randomized controlled trials for skin symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and without food allergy: An EAACI task force report. Allergy. 2024;79:1708. doi:10.1111/all.16160
  6. Zeng R, Lodge CJ, Koplin JJ, Lopez DJ, Erbas B, et al. Neonatal Vitamin D and Associations with Longitudinal Changes of Eczema up to 25 Years of Age. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16091303
  7. Ding YJ, Li XN, Xiao Z, Li CY, Jia LH. Low vitamin D during pregnancy is associated with infantile eczema by up-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and affecting FOXP3 expression: A bidirectional cohort study. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;124:109516. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109516
  8. Ziyab AH, Al-Taiar A, Al-Sabah R, Shaban L, Almousa Z, et al. Sex and obesity status modify the association between vitamin D and eczema among adolescents. Pediatr Res. 2023;94:1235. doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02641-y
  9. Zeng R, Li Y, Shen S, Qiu X, Chang CL, et al. Is antenatal or early-life vitamin D associated with eczema or food allergy in childhood? A systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy. 2023;53:511. doi:10.1111/cea.14281
  10. Cabalín C, Pérez-Mateluna G, Iturriaga C, Camargo CA, Borzutzky A. Oral vitamin D modulates the epidermal expression of the vitamin D receptor and cathelicidin in children with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2023;315:761. doi:10.1007/s00403-022-02416-1
  11. Li Q, Zhou Q, Zhang G, Tian X, Li Y, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Diseases during Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14193947
  12. Sangüesa J, Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R, Abellan A, Esplugues A, et al. Prenatal and child vitamin D levels and allergy and asthma in childhood. Pediatr Res. 2023;93:1745. doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02256-9
  13. El-Heis S, D'Angelo S, Curtis EM, Healy E, Moon RJ, et al. Maternal antenatal vitamin D supplementation and offspring risk of atopic eczema in the first 4 years of life: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2022;187:659. doi:10.1111/bjd.21721
  14. Li Y, Wang Z, Li X, Ma K, Shi Z. Changes and clinical significance of serum vitamin A, 25-(OH)D3, TG2, IL-4 and IL-13 levels in children with eczema. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317:375. doi:10.1007/s00403-025-03887-8
  15. Zeng R, Lodge CJ, Koplin JJ, Lopez DJ, Erbas B, et al. Neonatal Vitamin D and Associations with Longitudinal Changes of Eczema up to 25 Years of Age. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16091303
  16. Cabalín C, Pérez-Mateluna G, Iturriaga C, Camargo CA, Borzutzky A. Oral vitamin D modulates the epidermal expression of the vitamin D receptor and cathelicidin in children with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2023;315:761. doi:10.1007/s00403-022-02416-1
  17. Sangüesa J, Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R, Abellan A, Esplugues A, et al. Prenatal and child vitamin D levels and allergy and asthma in childhood. Pediatr Res. 2023;93:1745. doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02256-9
  18. El-Heis S, D'Angelo S, Curtis EM, Healy E, Moon RJ, et al. Maternal antenatal vitamin D supplementation and offspring risk of atopic eczema in the first 4 years of life: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2022;187:659. doi:10.1111/bjd.21721
  19. Mansour NO, Mohamed AA, Hussein M, Eldemiry E, Daifalla A, et al. The impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020;8:e00679. doi:10.1002/prp2.679
  20. Aldaghi M, Tehrani H, Karrabi M, Abadi FS, Sahebkar M. The effect of multistrain synbiotic and vitamin D3 supplements on the severity of atopic dermatitis among infants under 1 year of age: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33:812. doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1782319
  21. Zhu Z, Yang Z, Wang C, Liu H. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vitamin Supplement in Treating Eczema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:6956034. doi:10.1155/2019/6956034
  22. Stanley Xavier A, Selvarajan S, Chandrasekar L, Kamalanathan S. Effect of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on Treatment Response and IL-10 Level in Vitamin D Deficient Dermatitis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl. 2020;17:415. doi:10.1080/19390211.2019.1619009
  23. Dani SU. A curious association of chronic homeopathic arsenic ingestion with nonspecific symptoms in a Swiss teenager. Swiss Med Wkly. 2019;149:w20071. doi:10.4414/smw.2019.20071
  24. Rose RF, Williams C, Oliphant T, Browne F, Turner D, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with atopic eczema and the influence of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2014;30:287.
  25. Camargo CA, Ganmaa D, Sidbury R, Erdenedelger Kh, Radnaakhand N, et al. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation for winter-related atopic dermatitis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134:831. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.002
  26. Norizoe C, Akiyama N, Segawa T, Tachimoto H, Mezawa H, et al. Increased food allergy and vitamin D: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Int. 2014;56:6. doi:10.1111/ped.12207
  27. Hata TR, Audish D, Kotol P, Coda A, Kabigting F, et al. A randomized controlled double-blind investigation of the effects of vitamin D dietary supplementation in subjects with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28:781. doi:10.1111/jdv.12176
  28. Jones AP, Palmer D, Zhang G, Prescott SL. Cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and allergic disease during infancy. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e1128. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1172
  29. Mallbris L, Carlén L, Wei T, Heilborn J, Nilsson MF, et al. Injury downregulates the expression of the human cathelicidin protein hCAP18/LL-37 in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19:442. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00918.x
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