Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 9 Researches
5.1
USERS' SCORE
Medium or Average
Based on 6 Reviews
6.8
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) (from Lanolin)
50 mcg (2,000 IU)
250%
Top Medical Research Studies
4
Vitamin D's limited effect on kidney stones
We conducted a clinical trial to explore how different vitamin D treatment protocols affect kidney stones in patients who frequently experience them and have low vitamin D levels. We involved 62 participants, all with serum vitamin D levels between 10 to 20 ng/ml, and split them into two groups: one received 2000 IU of oral vitamin D daily for 12 weeks, while the other took 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
Read More
4
We explored the impact of cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, on individuals with calcium nephrolithiasis and a deficiency in vitamin D. The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether this supplementation might lead to an increased risk of developing kidney stones.
In the study, thirty-three participants, averaging 56 years and deficient in vitamin D, were evaluated before and after receiving cholecalciferol supplements. Initially, we examined both their calcium excretion and urine supersaturation levels, which help indicate the risk of stone formation.
Following the supplementation, we observed several significant changes. Notably, the serum levels of vitamin D increased, and more participants became hypercalciuric, meaning they were excreting higher levels of calcium in their urine. This was concerning as increased urine supersaturation with calcium could elevate the risk of kidney stones.
Despite the rise in vitamin D levels, we didn’t see any major changes in overall calcium levels in the blood, suggesting that the body was managing these variations. However, for those undergoing this treatment, there remains a cautionary note about the potential for increased stone formation due to higher calcium excretion.
In the study, thirty-three participants, averaging 56 years and deficient in vitamin D, were evaluated before and after receiving cholecalciferol supplements. Initially, we examined both their calcium excretion and urine supersaturation levels, which help indicate the risk of stone formation.
Following the supplementation, we observed several significant changes. Notably, the serum levels of vitamin D increased, and more participants became hypercalciuric, meaning they were excreting higher levels of calcium in their urine. This was concerning as increased urine supersaturation with calcium could elevate the risk of kidney stones.
Despite the rise in vitamin D levels, we didn’t see any major changes in overall calcium levels in the blood, suggesting that the body was managing these variations. However, for those undergoing this treatment, there remains a cautionary note about the potential for increased stone formation due to higher calcium excretion.
Read More
5
We investigated whether stopping vitamin D supplementation could influence kidney stone formation in infants and toddlers. The study analyzed two groups of children: those who had undergone surgery to remove stones and were currently stone-free and those who had no symptoms but already had kidney stones.
Our comparisons focused on children who either continued or discontinued their vitamin D intake to observe any changes in the formation or size progression of kidney stones. Surprisingly, we did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone formation or size changes over one year.
While the findings suggest that stopping vitamin D may not affect kidney stone status, we remain cautious in making definitive recommendations. Therefore, we propose that vitamin D supplementation should continue for infants with kidney stones until further research provides clearer answers on its role.
Our comparisons focused on children who either continued or discontinued their vitamin D intake to observe any changes in the formation or size progression of kidney stones. Surprisingly, we did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone formation or size changes over one year.
While the findings suggest that stopping vitamin D may not affect kidney stone status, we remain cautious in making definitive recommendations. Therefore, we propose that vitamin D supplementation should continue for infants with kidney stones until further research provides clearer answers on its role.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improved symptoms
1 people found this helpful
Excellent D3! I never realised that a deficiency in vitamin D3 could affect my son so severely. After a consultation with the endocrinologist and tests revealing insufficiency, we started a dosage of 4000 IU daily. The lack of vitamin D was linked to increased phosphorus in his body and poor calcium absorption, which caused cramps and potential kidney stones. Since taking the vitamin, his energy levels have risen, cramps have ceased, and his mood has improved.
Read More
8
Mortality risk
1 people found this helpful
The current research highlights a vitamin D deficiency in many people in Russia. For those without serious deficiency, a daily intake of 2000 IU is recommended. I've noticed a correlation between low vitamin D and increased mortality rates with COVID-19. It's crucial to pair higher dosages, above 5000 IU, with vitamin K2 to prevent kidney stones caused by calcium deposits.
Read More
6
Kidney stones issue
I started taking a lower amount of D3 after previously taking 5000 IU, as my kidney stones issues returned. I'm now on 2000 IU along with potassium and hope this resolves my problem, Insha'Allah.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Questionable
Based on 9 Researches
5.1
- All Researches
8
We explored the connection between vitamin D and kidney stones by analyzing data from a large national health survey. Our goal was to understand whether increasing vitamin D intake could help reduce the prevalence of kidney stones, a painful condition affecting many people.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
Read More
7
We explored the relationship between a vitamin D-related enzyme and its potential impact on kidney stones. Specifically, we focused on CYP24A1, which plays a role in metabolizing vitamin D and might influence hypercalciuria—a condition characterized by high calcium levels in the urine that can lead to kidney stones.
By analyzing data from two different groups of kidney stone patients, we assessed how the vitamin D metabolite diagnostic ratio (VMDR) relates to clinical traits associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria, which means the cause is unknown.
Our findings revealed that higher VMDR levels correlated with increased plasma calcium and urinary calcium excretion. Impressively, a higher VMDR was linked to an elevated risk of developing calcium oxalate stones and lower bone mineral density.
While the study suggests connections between CYP24A1 activity and certain traits of kidney stone formers, it did not specifically isolate the effects of vitamin D treatment on these outcomes. Thus, further research would be necessary to fully understand the role that vitamin D may play in preventing kidney stones.
By analyzing data from two different groups of kidney stone patients, we assessed how the vitamin D metabolite diagnostic ratio (VMDR) relates to clinical traits associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria, which means the cause is unknown.
Our findings revealed that higher VMDR levels correlated with increased plasma calcium and urinary calcium excretion. Impressively, a higher VMDR was linked to an elevated risk of developing calcium oxalate stones and lower bone mineral density.
While the study suggests connections between CYP24A1 activity and certain traits of kidney stone formers, it did not specifically isolate the effects of vitamin D treatment on these outcomes. Thus, further research would be necessary to fully understand the role that vitamin D may play in preventing kidney stones.
Read More
5
We set out to investigate whether there’s a connection between vitamin D levels and kidney stone disease (KSD) using data from the UK Biobank, which included a large group of participants. By analyzing this data through survival models, we aimed to find out if higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) could influence the likelihood of developing kidney stones.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
Read More
5
We investigated whether stopping vitamin D supplementation could influence kidney stone formation in infants and toddlers. The study analyzed two groups of children: those who had undergone surgery to remove stones and were currently stone-free and those who had no symptoms but already had kidney stones.
Our comparisons focused on children who either continued or discontinued their vitamin D intake to observe any changes in the formation or size progression of kidney stones. Surprisingly, we did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone formation or size changes over one year.
While the findings suggest that stopping vitamin D may not affect kidney stone status, we remain cautious in making definitive recommendations. Therefore, we propose that vitamin D supplementation should continue for infants with kidney stones until further research provides clearer answers on its role.
Our comparisons focused on children who either continued or discontinued their vitamin D intake to observe any changes in the formation or size progression of kidney stones. Surprisingly, we did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone formation or size changes over one year.
While the findings suggest that stopping vitamin D may not affect kidney stone status, we remain cautious in making definitive recommendations. Therefore, we propose that vitamin D supplementation should continue for infants with kidney stones until further research provides clearer answers on its role.
Read More
5
We explored the connection between vitamin D3 supplementation and kidney stones in individuals with no identifiable causes for their stones. Our study examined a group of 456 idiopathic stone formers to find out how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among them. We discovered that a significant portion—31%—were deficient in vitamin D, while 57% were insufficient, and only 12% were at healthy levels.
To see if supplementing vitamin D3 would provide benefits, we gave 37 of these vitamin D-deficient patients a weekly dose of 20,000 IU for four months. While we noted that this supplementation raised serum vitamin D levels and reduced parathyroid hormone concentrations, the increase in urinary calcium excretion after treatment did not reach statistical significance.
Interestingly, 22 patients had higher calcium levels in their urine, but others experienced a decrease or no change. What’s crucial here is that six patients who were initially normal concerning calcium levels ended up developing hypercalciuria after treatment. This means we should carefully monitor patients who receive vitamin D3 to ensure that they do not experience unexpected increases in calcium excretion that could raise the risk of kidney stones.
To see if supplementing vitamin D3 would provide benefits, we gave 37 of these vitamin D-deficient patients a weekly dose of 20,000 IU for four months. While we noted that this supplementation raised serum vitamin D levels and reduced parathyroid hormone concentrations, the increase in urinary calcium excretion after treatment did not reach statistical significance.
Interestingly, 22 patients had higher calcium levels in their urine, but others experienced a decrease or no change. What’s crucial here is that six patients who were initially normal concerning calcium levels ended up developing hypercalciuria after treatment. This means we should carefully monitor patients who receive vitamin D3 to ensure that they do not experience unexpected increases in calcium excretion that could raise the risk of kidney stones.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Medium or Average
Based on 6 Reviews
6.8
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Improved symptoms
1 people found this helpful
Excellent D3! I never realised that a deficiency in vitamin D3 could affect my son so severely. After a consultation with the endocrinologist and tests revealing insufficiency, we started a dosage of 4000 IU daily. The lack of vitamin D was linked to increased phosphorus in his body and poor calcium absorption, which caused cramps and potential kidney stones. Since taking the vitamin, his energy levels have risen, cramps have ceased, and his mood has improved.
Read More
8
Mortality risk
1 people found this helpful
The current research highlights a vitamin D deficiency in many people in Russia. For those without serious deficiency, a daily intake of 2000 IU is recommended. I've noticed a correlation between low vitamin D and increased mortality rates with COVID-19. It's crucial to pair higher dosages, above 5000 IU, with vitamin K2 to prevent kidney stones caused by calcium deposits.
Read More
6
Kidney stones issue
I started taking a lower amount of D3 after previously taking 5000 IU, as my kidney stones issues returned. I'm now on 2000 IU along with potassium and hope this resolves my problem, Insha'Allah.
Read More
1
Kidney pain
5 people found this helpful
I don’t know if this vitamin D works for others, but after taking it, I experienced kidney pain. Once I stopped, the pain disappeared. It’s essential to choose the right quality of vitamin D wisely!
Read More
1
Kidney discomfort
1 people found this helpful
This vitamin didn’t suit me; it caused discomfort in my kidneys which went away after I stopped taking it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Improved symptoms
1 people found this helpful
Excellent D3! I never realised that a deficiency in vitamin D3 could affect my son so severely. After a consultation with the endocrinologist and tests revealing insufficiency, we started a dosage of 4000 IU daily. The lack of vitamin D was linked to increased phosphorus in his body and poor calcium absorption, which caused cramps and potential kidney stones. Since taking the vitamin, his energy levels have risen, cramps have ceased, and his mood has improved.
8
Mortality risk
1 people found this helpful
The current research highlights a vitamin D deficiency in many people in Russia. For those without serious deficiency, a daily intake of 2000 IU is recommended. I've noticed a correlation between low vitamin D and increased mortality rates with COVID-19. It's crucial to pair higher dosages, above 5000 IU, with vitamin K2 to prevent kidney stones caused by calcium deposits.
1
Kidney pain
5 people found this helpful
I don’t know if this vitamin D works for others, but after taking it, I experienced kidney pain. Once I stopped, the pain disappeared. It’s essential to choose the right quality of vitamin D wisely!
1
Kidney discomfort
1 people found this helpful
This vitamin didn’t suit me; it caused discomfort in my kidneys which went away after I stopped taking it.
6
Kidney stones issue
I started taking a lower amount of D3 after previously taking 5000 IU, as my kidney stones issues returned. I'm now on 2000 IU along with potassium and hope this resolves my problem, Insha'Allah.
1
Kidney discomfort
Using this vitamin made my kidneys hurt...
5
We set out to investigate whether there’s a connection between vitamin D levels and kidney stone disease (KSD) using data from the UK Biobank, which included a large group of participants. By analyzing this data through survival models, we aimed to find out if higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) could influence the likelihood of developing kidney stones.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
Our analysis covered over 444,000 people, and we tracked the incidence of kidney stones over an average of 12.6 years. Interestingly, while higher 25(OH)D levels didn’t show a clear connection to kidney stones across the general population, we noted a significant finding in women over 60 years old. For this group, higher serum vitamin D concentrations were actually linked to a lower risk of KSD, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Despite these observations, it's noteworthy that an increase in vitamin D didn't correlate with a higher incidence of kidney stones, especially when serum calcium levels remained normal. This news could ease concerns around vitamin D supplementation solely aimed at boosting 25(OH)D levels. Overall, we could conclude that while there are nuances depending on age and sex, vitamin D’s role in kidney stone prevention appears limited.
4
Vitamin D's limited effect on kidney stones
We conducted a clinical trial to explore how different vitamin D treatment protocols affect kidney stones in patients who frequently experience them and have low vitamin D levels. We involved 62 participants, all with serum vitamin D levels between 10 to 20 ng/ml, and split them into two groups: one received 2000 IU of oral vitamin D daily for 12 weeks, while the other took 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
Our results showed that both treatment approaches led to a significant increase in 24-hour urine calcium. However, we observed no notable difference between the two therapies regarding this measure. Importantly, while there was an increase in 24-hour urine calcium, neither treatment affected the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, which are critical in the formation of kidney stones.
We also noted a significant rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with the weekly regimen showing a greater increase. Alongside these changes, parathyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups. Ultimately, while vitamin D supplementation did elevate urine calcium levels, it did not enhance supersaturation factors that contribute to kidney stone formation, indicating that the benefits of vitamin D in this context may be limited.
8
We explored the connection between vitamin D and kidney stones by analyzing data from a large national health survey. Our goal was to understand whether increasing vitamin D intake could help reduce the prevalence of kidney stones, a painful condition affecting many people.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
From our investigation, we observed that higher levels of vitamin D intake were linked to a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, those with high vitamin D intake showed a significant protective effect compared to those with lower intake levels. This suggests that vitamin D may play a beneficial role in kidney health.
However, our study also revealed some nuances. While vitamin D seemed to provide protection, the relationship with vitamin C intake was more complicated. As vitamin C intake rose, its effects shifted—initially protective but later potentially harmful if consumed in excess.
Additionally, our findings indicated that when vitamin D is taken alongside other vitamins, the protective effects against kidney stones could be enhanced. Overall, co-exposure to multiple vitamins was seen as beneficial, making vitamin combinations an interesting area for further research.
4
We set out to understand the increasing prevalence of kidney stones in children and how vitamin D might contribute to this issue. In our study, we analyzed data from patients aged 1 month to 18 years, focusing on those diagnosed with urolithiasis at a pediatric nephrology clinic.
Among our findings, we discovered that vitamin D supplementation, particularly at doses higher than 400 IU per day, might pose a risk for kidney stone formation in children. Interestingly, we also noted that many mothers tended not to offer water to their infants, which could impact hydration levels and potentially influence stone development.
In addition to vitamin D levels, we observed other factors such as family history and metabolic issues that are linked to kidney stones. Though potassium citrate was a beneficial treatment in many cases, our work revealed that vitamin D supplementation itself could be a double-edged sword, necessitating careful monitoring of its dosage in pediatric patients.
Among our findings, we discovered that vitamin D supplementation, particularly at doses higher than 400 IU per day, might pose a risk for kidney stone formation in children. Interestingly, we also noted that many mothers tended not to offer water to their infants, which could impact hydration levels and potentially influence stone development.
In addition to vitamin D levels, we observed other factors such as family history and metabolic issues that are linked to kidney stones. Though potassium citrate was a beneficial treatment in many cases, our work revealed that vitamin D supplementation itself could be a double-edged sword, necessitating careful monitoring of its dosage in pediatric patients.
References
- Gao C, Gao M, Huang Y. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and kidney stone: a cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:3585. doi:10.1007/s11255-024-04111-8
- Dhayat NA, Mattmann C, Seeger H, Ritter A, Ernandez T, et al. The Vitamin D Metabolite Diagnostic Ratio Associates With Phenotypic Traits of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. Kidney Int Rep. 2024;9:1072. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.004
- Akinci A, Karaburun MC, Kubilay E, Solak VT, Sanci A, et al. Urinary stone in infants; should vitamin D prophylaxis be stopped?. J Pediatr Urol. 2024;20:604.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.04.006
- Zeng H, Liu Z, He Y, Chen H, He J, et al. Multivitamins co-intake can reduce the prevalence of kidney stones: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56:2991. doi:10.1007/s11255-024-04021-9
- Sardari Masihi L, Borumandnia N, Taheri M, Basiri A, Imani H, et al. Effect of two vitamin D repletion protocols on 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28:246. doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01226-z
- Isik G, Bozdag PG. Why is childhood urolithiasis increasing? Etiology, diagnosis and management: a single-center experience. J Nephrol. 2023;36:1599. doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01638-4
- Vitale C, Marangella M, Bermond F, Fabbrini L, Tricerri A. Metabolic effects of cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and vitamin D deficiency. World J Urol. 2021;39:597. doi:10.1007/s00345-020-03222-y
- Vitale C, Tricerri A, Bermond F, Fabbrini L, Guiotto C, et al. [Metabolic effects of Cholecalciferol supplementation in kidney stone formers with vitamin D deficiency]. G Ital Nefrol. 2018;35.
- Johri N, Jaeger P, Ferraro PM, Shavit L, Nair D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among idiopathic stone formers, but does correction pose any risk?. Urolithiasis. 2017;45:535. doi:10.1007/s00240-016-0954-x
