We delved into an interesting case of a 76-year-old man who developed severe esophageal ulcers, likely due to zinc deficiency following a total gastrectomy. His symptoms included sore throat, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.
After the diagnosis of zinc deficiency, he began oral zinc treatment. Remarkably, this led to significant symptom relief and visible healing of the ulcers during follow-up imaging. Impressively, he has maintained his zinc supplementation for five years without any recurrence of symptoms. This unique case shines a light on the potential role of zinc in ulcer healing.
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8
Zinc aids in ulcer reduction
Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by zinc supplementation in Behçet's disease patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We moved forward with a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to see how zinc affects ulcers in patients with Behçet's disease. Over 12 weeks, 50 participants received either zinc gluconate or a placebo.
The results revealed that zinc significantly reduced the occurrence of genital ulcers and inflammation markers like NLRP3 and caspase-1. In fact, zinc supplementation improved clinical conditions and decreased inflammatory markers, showing promise as an additional therapy for managing Behçet's disease.
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8
Zinc treatment comparable for ulcers
Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers.
We explored how polaprezinc combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) stacks up against rebamipide with PPI treatment for ulcers resulting from endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Involving 210 patients, the study randomly assigned them to either treatment group and evaluated their ulcer healing rates after four weeks.
We found that polaprezinc's healing effectiveness was comparable to that of rebamipide, with healing rates at 90.3% and 91.4% respectively. This means that while both treatments are effective, we didn’t observe a significant advantage of one over the other in promoting ulcer healing.
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Most Useful Reviews
6
Gastritis and ulcers
4 people found this helpful
This zinc is bioavailable and was prescribed for acne, though I didn't see improvements there. However, it works well for respiratory issues and heals gastritis and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa. I advise caution with long-term high doses.
Read More
9
Faster healing
I love this! I started taking it for mouth ulcers; it seems to help them heal quicker. I now take it daily for my immunity and have noticed smoother skin since. I experienced no adverse effects like nausea.
Read More
9
Ulcer healing benefits
I began taking zinc due to loss of smell and learned it heals ulcers and relieves inflammation. After 5 months, it suited my ulcer condition and colitis, showing great benefits confirmed by my colonoscopy. I wholeheartedly recommend this zinc.
We explored the impact of zinc when incorporated into first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections, particularly in patients suffering from ulcers. In a multicenter registry study involving 800 patients, we noted that the most common factors leading to treatment were dyspepsia and gastroduodenal ulcers.
The findings indicated that quadruple therapy—both with and without bismuth—improved eradication rates significantly, achieving about 94.9%. Meanwhile, zinc as a part of a sequential therapy showed an impressive effectiveness of 95.6%. However, since zinc was combined with other treatments, it’s challenging to pinpoint its isolated effects on ulcer healing or eradication efficacy.
We also observed that adverse events, though reported in nearly 29% of cases, were generally mild, suggesting that the treatments were well-tolerated. Overall, the report highlighted that while zinc may enhance treatment effectiveness when combined, its individual contribution remains undetermined.
Read More
9
Zinc treatment has therapeutic potential
Treatment of Acute Ulcerative Colitis with Zinc Hyaluronate in Mice.
We investigated the effects of zinc hyaluronate (ZnHA) on ulcerative colitis (UC) using a mouse model that simulates the condition. This study aimed to explore how ZnHA could potentially alleviate the symptoms of UC, focusing on factors like inflammation and gut health.
Our experiments showed that ZnHA significantly reduced key symptoms associated with UC, such as weight loss, loose stools, and the presence of blood in stools. We also noticed notable changes at a cellular level; ZnHA helped decrease levels of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 while boosting interleukin-10, a factor known for anti-inflammatory effects.
Additionally, our findings revealed that ZnHA positively impacted gut bacteria. It fostered the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce propionic acid, which is crucial for gut health. We also observed that ZnHA enhanced the function of proteins that maintain the intestinal barrier, such as ZO-1 and occludin.
Overall, our exploration highlights the potential of ZnHA as a supportive treatment for UC by targeting inflammation and promoting a healthy gut environment. This study provides new insights that could encourage further development of hyaluronic acid-based treatments for UC and similar conditions.
Read More
9
Zinc enhances diabetic ulcer healing
Enhanced diabetic foot ulcer treatment with a chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel loaded self-assembled multi-functional nanoparticles for antibacterial and angiogenic effects.
We explored how a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) works, focusing on the role of zinc. This innovative formulation combines zinc with other therapeutic agents in a chitosan-based hydrogel that responds to heat. Our aim was to see if this treatment could not only fight bacteria but also help the body heal more effectively.
The combination of zinc with chlorogenic acid and indocyanine green promotes a healing environment by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress at the ulcer site. This hydrogel is designed to release its active ingredients right where they’re needed, and we found that it significantly enhances the expression of proteins important for blood vessel formation, including VEGF and CD31.
In our experiments, both in the lab and in real-life conditions, this zinc-enriched hydrogel showed promising results. It effectively inhibited the growth of the common bacteria Staphylococcus aureus after applying laser treatment and helped wounds remodel within 14 days.
This study suggests that incorporating zinc into wound care strategies could significantly improve treatment outcomes for patients suffering from DFUs. Overall, our findings open up new avenues for managing this challenging health issue.
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9
New treatment reduces digital dermatitis
Investigation on the effectiveness of a new hoof care product to sustainably reduce and prevent digital dermatitis in dairy cow herds.
We embarked on an investigation to understand whether a new hoof care product featuring iron, zinc, and aluminum can effectively reduce and prevent digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. In a controlled trial involving over 130 dairy cows, we treated one hind foot of each cow twice a week with this product while leaving the other foot untreated for comparison.
The results were revealing! Our analysis indicated that the use of the hoof care product significantly reduced the severity of DD compared to the untreated group. In fact, cows treated with the product had a much lower chance of developing lesions. The outcome showed that in the control group, the odds of having a lesion were four times higher than in the treated group, and the likelihood of experiencing an active lesion versus an inactive one was even more pronounced.
Interestingly, we also observed positive outcomes in heifers, with only one developing an active lesion in the treated group, showcasing the potential for this product to help manage and prevent DD even before these young cows enter the herd. The study indicates that the combination of ingredients in this hoof care product could be a promising alternative to traditional, harsher treatments.
While zinc is included as one of the components in the product, it's essential to note that we can't isolate its effect on ulcers from the other ingredients. Therefore, we can't definitively conclude zinc's sole effectiveness when it comes to DD treatment, but the overall findings are encouraging for improving hoof health in dairy cows.
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9
Zinc and Polaprezinc's synergistic effects
Aspergillusidone G Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polaprezinc in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Study.
We explored the potential impact of Polaprezinc, a drug commonly used for gastric ulcers, on neuroinflammation, a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases. By using LPS-induced BV-2 microglia, we observed that Polaprezinc significantly reduced the production of harmful compounds like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it inhibited the expression of inflammatory markers, suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties may extend beyond ulcer treatment.
Interestingly, we also examined how the combination of Polaprezinc with Aspergillusidone G could enhance these effects. When we treated the microglia with both substances, the results were promising. The duo improved the inhibition of nitric oxide generation from about 30% to an impressive 80%. This indicates a possible synergistic anti-inflammatory effect that could offer new approaches in managing neuroinflammatory conditions.
Overall, our findings shed light on the importance of zinc's role in the therapeutic effects of Polaprezinc, especially when paired with other compounds like Aspergillusidone G. This combination opens up exciting avenues for research into treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the crucial connection between inflammation and zinc in the context of ulcer management.
This zinc is bioavailable and was prescribed for acne, though I didn't see improvements there. However, it works well for respiratory issues and heals gastritis and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa. I advise caution with long-term high doses.
Read More
9
Faster healing
I love this! I started taking it for mouth ulcers; it seems to help them heal quicker. I now take it daily for my immunity and have noticed smoother skin since. I experienced no adverse effects like nausea.
Read More
9
Ulcer healing benefits
I began taking zinc due to loss of smell and learned it heals ulcers and relieves inflammation. After 5 months, it suited my ulcer condition and colitis, showing great benefits confirmed by my colonoscopy. I wholeheartedly recommend this zinc.
Read More
7.5
Healing leg ulcer
This was recommended to aid in healing a leg ulcer and was good value for money in terms of size and price.
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7.5
Ulcer treatment
A highly absorbable zinc is vital for the immune system and effective in wound healing. It's often used in hospitals for burns and ulcers and possesses antioxidant properties in preventing chronic diseases.
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or colon. It occurs when the digestive tract is damaged or inflamed, often due to an imbalance between stomach acid and the protective factors in the digestive system. The most common types of ulcers include peptic ulcers, which can be further categorized into gastric ulcers (located in the stomach) and duodenal ulcers (found in the first part of the small intestine). Symptoms may include burning stomach pain, bloating, and nausea, which can vary in intensity based on the severity of the condition.
Zinc is a versatile metal known for its various applications in industry and health. It is a bluish-white metallic element represented by the symbol Zn and atomic number 30 on the periodic table. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing steel to prevent rusting, in the manufacturing of alloys, and as a component in batteries. Additionally, zinc plays a crucial role in biological processes, making it an essential trace element in the human diet. It is involved in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
Zinc is known to play a role in immune function and wound healing, which can be beneficial for those suffering from ulcers. Research indicates that zinc may help reduce inflammation and promote cell repair, contributing to the healing process of gastric and peptic ulcers. It's important to note that while zinc can support overall gut health and immune function, it should not be viewed as a standalone treatment for ulcers. Instead, it may act as a complementary supplement to other conventional therapies.
Before adding zinc or any supplement to your regimen, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on the appropriate dosage and ensure it won't interact with any medications you may be taking for your ulcer. Furthermore, maintaining a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is crucial for supporting ulcer healing. While zinc can certainly be a helpful addition to your overall health strategy, relying solely on it without proper medical advice may not yield the desired results.
Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from taking zinc supplements for ulcers varies among individuals. Some users have reported noticeable benefits within a few weeks, particularly in the case of mouth ulcers, as one reviewer mentioned that it helped heal them quicker Read Review. Another user reported significant improvements in their ulcer condition after a long-term commitment of about five months, which was even confirmed by medical examination Read Review.
In contrast, a few users indicate that while zinc can be beneficial for ulcers, it is important to monitor dosage and any side effects. Overall, many users seem to agree that consistent use is key, with some recommending it for daily intake to maintain its positive effects Read Review. However, individual experiences may differ greatly, and it may take some time before you notice significant improvements in your ulcer symptoms.
The scientific research surrounding zinc and its effects on ulcers presents a mixed but promising picture. Several studies have explored the role of zinc in various ulcer-related conditions, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC) and healing chronic ulcers. For instance, one study found that zinc hyaluronate significantly alleviated symptoms of UC in a mouse model by reducing inflammatory markers and improving gut health [1]. Similarly, zinc oxide nanoparticles showed potential protective benefits against UC symptoms, enhancing colon health and reducing inflammation [8]. Additionally, another study emphasized the efficacy of zinc-enriched formulations in healing chronic ulcers, indicating that they could enhance healing rates, although findings were not universally conclusive [10].
On the other hand, while zinc has shown supportive effects, particularly when combined with other compounds, it is essential to note that its isolated impact can be less clear. For example, although zinc inclusion in ulcer treatments for Helicobacter pylori significantly improved eradication rates, it was difficult to determine its individual effect, as it was part of multi-component therapies [5]. Thus, while zinc does appear to provide benefits in the context of ulcer treatment and management, further research is necessary to fully delineate its role, optimal forms, and dosage in specific ulcer conditions.
Users have reported a variety of improvements in their symptoms after taking zinc supplements, particularly in relation to ulcers and skin conditions. Several individuals have noted that zinc aids in the healing of mouth ulcers, with one reviewer emphasizing faster healing times when taken daily, which has also contributed to smoother skin Read Review. Another user experienced significant benefits for their ulcer condition and colitis, with these improvements confirmed through a colonoscopy after five months of consistent use Read Review.
Furthermore, zinc appears effective for gastrointestinal issues, as one user reported success in healing gastritis and intestinal ulceration Read Review. Overall, many users value the benefits of zinc for wound healing and its role in supporting the immune system, reinforcing the idea that individual experiences will vary widely, and consistent use may enhance results Read Review.
Users have shared their experiences regarding the combination of zinc with other supplements for managing ulcers. Many users report that taking zinc on its own can be quite beneficial for healing various types of ulcers, including mouth ulcers and intestinal mucosa issues. For instance, one user highlighted that zinc significantly aided in the healing of gastritis and intestinal ulceration while advising caution with long-term high doses Read Review. Another user noted that regular zinc intake contributed positively to their ulcer condition and colitis, with improvements confirmed through medical examination after five months Read Review.
Some reviews also suggest that awareness of dosage is essential, especially when combining with other supplements. A user experienced significant side effects from a different supplement, which led to stomach pain and was reminiscent of gastritis, suggesting that not all supplement combinations will have positive outcomes Read Review. Overall, while zinc is frequently recommended for ulcer management, users advise monitoring overall supplementation to avoid adverse effects.
Users report varying experiences with the dosage of zinc for treating ulcers. Some have indicated that a daily intake appears beneficial, suggesting that it can aid in the healing of both mouth ulcers and intestinal ulcers with continued use. One user noted significant improvements in their ulcer condition over five months, posting, "it suited my ulcer condition and colitis, showing great benefits confirmed by my colonoscopy" Read Review. Another user shared positive results in managing mouth ulcers with consistent daily doses, similarly remarking, "it seems to help them heal quicker" Read Review.
However, caution is advised regarding long-term high doses, as one reviewer mentioned the importance of moderation, stating, "I advise caution with long-term high doses" Read Review. Additionally, while many users found an absorbable form of zinc to be effective Read Review, it's crucial to tailor the dosage to individual tolerance and needs, considering some may experience side effects like headaches or nausea at higher intake levels Read Review. Overall, user insights suggest that while zinc can be beneficial in healing ulcers, careful attention to dosage is essential for optimal results.
9
Faster healing
I love this! I started taking it for mouth ulcers; it seems to help them heal quicker. I now take it daily for my immunity and have noticed smoother skin since. I experienced no adverse effects like nausea.
9
Ulcer healing benefits
I began taking zinc due to loss of smell and learned it heals ulcers and relieves inflammation. After 5 months, it suited my ulcer condition and colitis, showing great benefits confirmed by my colonoscopy. I wholeheartedly recommend this zinc.
7.5
Ulcer treatment
A highly absorbable zinc is vital for the immune system and effective in wound healing. It's often used in hospitals for burns and ulcers and possesses antioxidant properties in preventing chronic diseases.
6
Gastritis and ulcers
4 people found this helpful
This zinc is bioavailable and was prescribed for acne, though I didn't see improvements there. However, it works well for respiratory issues and heals gastritis and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa. I advise caution with long-term high doses.
0
Stomach pain
9 people found this helpful
I bought picolinate to help cleanse my skin, but I developed headaches and nausea. After a week, I stopped taking it and later experienced stomach pain akin to gastritis or an ulcer until it was expelled from my body.
9
Zinc treatment has therapeutic potential
Treatment of Acute Ulcerative Colitis with Zinc Hyaluronate in Mice.
We investigated the effects of zinc hyaluronate (ZnHA) on ulcerative colitis (UC) using a mouse model that simulates the condition. This study aimed to explore how ZnHA could potentially alleviate the symptoms of UC, focusing on factors like inflammation and gut health.
Our experiments showed that ZnHA significantly reduced key symptoms associated with UC, such as weight loss, loose stools, and the presence of blood in stools. We also noticed notable changes at a cellular level; ZnHA helped decrease levels of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 while boosting interleukin-10, a factor known for anti-inflammatory effects.
Additionally, our findings revealed that ZnHA positively impacted gut bacteria. It fostered the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce propionic acid, which is crucial for gut health. We also observed that ZnHA enhanced the function of proteins that maintain the intestinal barrier, such as ZO-1 and occludin.
Overall, our exploration highlights the potential of ZnHA as a supportive treatment for UC by targeting inflammation and promoting a healthy gut environment. This study provides new insights that could encourage further development of hyaluronic acid-based treatments for UC and similar conditions.
9
Zinc nanoparticles may protect intestinal health
Protective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Cassia alata for DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model.
We explored the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from the Cassia alata plant on ulcerative colitis (UC) in a mouse model. Ulcerative colitis is a common inflammatory bowel disease that results in chronic inflammation of the colorectal area, leading to various symptoms and complications. The study aimed to determine whether these zinc nanoparticles could provide protective benefits against UC, particularly following induction with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
Our findings revealed that the ZnO NPs showed promise in mitigating several negative effects associated with UC. We observed improvements in weight loss, disease activity index, colon shortening, and overall colon health in the treated mice. The green synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce hypersensitivity and oxidative stress, effectively protecting the mucosal layer of the colon.
However, it is important to note that the study focused on ZnO NPs as part of a natural herbal treatment, rather than isolating zinc as a singular therapeutic agent. Although our results indicate a potential protective effect, further research would be beneficial to fully understand the role of zinc itself in treating ulcerative colitis.
8
Zinc's Impact on Chronic Ulcers
Impact of oral nutritional supplement composition on healing of different chronic wounds: A systematic review.
We set out to explore how zinc, when included in oral nutritional formulas, impacts the healing of chronic ulcers. Our investigation looked at various research involving a total of 741 patients with different types of wounds, which primarily included pressure injuries and diabetic foot ulcers.
Among the studies we examined, some suggested that a hypercaloric and hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc, along with important vitamins A, C, and E, could promote wound healing effectively. Specifically, four studies indicated that these enriched formulas led to a noticeable reduction in wound area, showcasing an increase in healing rates.
However, it's worth noting that two studies reported no significant differences in healing rates when zinc was incorporated into the treatment. Additionally, other approaches featuring combinations like arginine and glutamine did not show significant improvements over the control groups, further complicating the picture.
This indicates that while zinc might play a beneficial role, the evidence isn't uniformly strong regarding its isolated effect on ulcer healing. Overall, we found that a desirable formula for promoting healing seems to focus on high calories, protein content, and antioxidants, which may include zinc as part of a larger cocktail of nutrients.
9.5
Zinc's role in ulcer treatment
[Argentinean registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: effectiveness and safety of first line treatment].
We explored the impact of zinc when incorporated into first-line treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections, particularly in patients suffering from ulcers. In a multicenter registry study involving 800 patients, we noted that the most common factors leading to treatment were dyspepsia and gastroduodenal ulcers.
The findings indicated that quadruple therapy—both with and without bismuth—improved eradication rates significantly, achieving about 94.9%. Meanwhile, zinc as a part of a sequential therapy showed an impressive effectiveness of 95.6%. However, since zinc was combined with other treatments, it’s challenging to pinpoint its isolated effects on ulcer healing or eradication efficacy.
We also observed that adverse events, though reported in nearly 29% of cases, were generally mild, suggesting that the treatments were well-tolerated. Overall, the report highlighted that while zinc may enhance treatment effectiveness when combined, its individual contribution remains undetermined.
References
Zhang L, Fu X, Li J, Xiao W, Xiong X, et al. Treatment of Acute Ulcerative Colitis with Zinc Hyaluronate in Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025;35:e2408050. doi:10.4014/jmb.2408.08050
Seo HR, Chung KB, Kim DY. The Possible Impact of Zinc-Enriched Multivitamins on Treatment-Naïve Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Patients. J Clin Med. 2025;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14010260
Wu Z, Wu W, Zhang C, Zhang W, Li Y, et al. Enhanced diabetic foot ulcer treatment with a chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel loaded self-assembled multi-functional nanoparticles for antibacterial and angiogenic effects. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;347:122740. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122740
Grimm K, Fiedler A, Kröger C. Investigation on the effectiveness of a new hoof care product to sustainably reduce and prevent digital dermatitis in dairy cow herds. J Dairy Sci. 2025;108:1869. doi:10.3168/jds.2024-25134
Laudanno O, Ahumaran G, Thome M, Adami P, Ustares F, et al. [Argentinean registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: effectiveness and safety of first line treatment]. Medicina (B Aires). 2024;84:884.
Huang Y, Shang S, Du H. Causal association of micronutrients and supplements with pressure ulcer: A Mendelian randomization study. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30:e13904. doi:10.1111/srt.13904
Ban F, Zhou L, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Aspergillusidone G Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polaprezinc in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Study. Mar Drugs. 2024;22. doi:10.3390/md22070324
Govindarasu M, Vaiyapuri M, Kim JC. Protective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Cassia alata for DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2024;47:1393. doi:10.1007/s00449-024-03047-8
Zheng M, Xie C, Ye D, Chen Y, Wang Z, et al. Qingzhuan dark tea polysaccharides-zinc alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis. J Sci Food Agric. 2024;104:7617. doi:10.1002/jsfa.13597
Santo ACSDE, Sugizaki CSA, de Morais Junior AC, Costa NA, Bachion MM, et al. Impact of oral nutritional supplement composition on healing of different chronic wounds: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2024;124:112449. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112449
Hayashi A, Taki Y, Arai K, Sato S, Higashizono K, et al. Esophageal ulcer related to zinc deficiency following a total gastrectomy. Nutrition. 2023;110:111999. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.111999
Faghfouri AH, Baradaran B, Khabbazi A, Abdoli Shadbad M, Papi S, et al. Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by zinc supplementation in Behçet's disease patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;109:108825. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108825
Jung DH, Park JC, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, et al. Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021;55:233. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001357
Scheid PL, Lâm TT, Sinsch U, Balczun C. Vermamoeba vermiformis as etiological agent of a painful ulcer close to the eye. Parasitol Res. 2019;118:1999. doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06312-y
Ficarra G, Cicchi P, Amorosi A, Piluso S. Oral Crohn's disease and pyostomatitis vegetans. An unusual association. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;75:220.
Cho CH, Ogle CW, Dai S. Effects of zinc chloride on gastric secretion and ulcer formation in pylorus-occluded rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1976;38:337.