Chronic oral or intraarticular administration of docosahexaenoic acid reduces nociception and knee edema and improves functional outcomes in a mouse model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced knee arthritis.
We explored whether purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can ease knee pain and swelling in a mouse model of arthritis. Mice with arthritis were treated with either oral or injected DHA, and we observed notable improvements in pain behavior and knee swelling.
This study highlights that DHA may reduce pain and inflammation in knee arthritis, suggesting it could be a helpful option for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. However, it’s essential to keep in mind that these results come from an animal model, and human studies are necessary.
Read More
8
Omega-3 reduces knee pain effectively
Efficacy of Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Than 40 Years with Persistent Knee Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.
We conducted a rigorous clinical trial to investigate how omega-3 fish oil affects knee pain in people aged 40 and older. In this double-blind study with four groups, we found that those taking an omega-3-based product, AvailOm, experienced a notable reduction in pain intensity compared to a placebo.
By week eight, participants reported less discomfort and improved quality of life. Additionally, the intake of AvailOm led to better muscle strength and sleep quality, making it a promising option for alleviating persistent knee pain. Overall, omega-3 fish oil shows effective benefits for older adults struggling with knee pain.
Read More
8
Fish oil improves knee function
Efficacy and Safety of Fish Oil in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.
We explored the effects of omega-3 fish oil on knee osteoarthritis by evaluating 75 participants over 8 weeks. Divided into three groups, they took either 1,000 mg or 2,000 mg of fish oil each day.
Our findings showed that both dosages improved knee function and pain relief compared to a control group. However, the higher dose of 2,000 mg did not provide additional benefits over the 1,000 mg dose. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with their results, and the treatment was deemed safe with minimal side effects.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
8.5
Back pain relief
90 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking this vitamin for a month now. My lower back pain from work has disappeared. The quality of life is worth the money.
Read More
8.5
Strengthened feeling
90 people found this helpful
After taking this vitamin for lower back pain, I woke up feeling stronger than ever the next day!
Read More
9
Knee pain relief
3 people found this helpful
I started taking Omega-3 for knee pain on a rheumatologist's advice. After a month, the pain disappeared, and I feel amazing!
Phytalgic, a food supplement, vs placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
We evaluated the effectiveness of Phytalgic, a supplement containing fish oil, on reducing knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. In a randomized double-blind study of 81 participants, those taking Phytalgic reported lower usage of analgesics and NSAIDs compared to the placebo group.
Our findings showed significant reductions in pain, stiffness, and overall knee function, highlighting the potential benefit of Phytalgic in managing osteoarthritis symptoms. Overall, it seems that Phytalgic may offer an alternative relief option for those suffering from knee pain.
Read More
9
DHA reduces knee pain and swelling
Chronic oral or intraarticular administration of docosahexaenoic acid reduces nociception and knee edema and improves functional outcomes in a mouse model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced knee arthritis.
We explored whether purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can ease knee pain and swelling in a mouse model of arthritis. Mice with arthritis were treated with either oral or injected DHA, and we observed notable improvements in pain behavior and knee swelling.
This study highlights that DHA may reduce pain and inflammation in knee arthritis, suggesting it could be a helpful option for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. However, it’s essential to keep in mind that these results come from an animal model, and human studies are necessary.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances knee pain relief
Effect of glucosamine sulfate with or without omega-3 fatty acids in patients with osteoarthritis.
We conducted a comprehensive study involving 177 patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis (OA) affecting their hips or knees. Over 26 weeks, participants were divided into two groups. One group received glucosamine sulfate combined with omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The other group was treated with glucosamine sulfate alone.
Our main focus was to determine whether the combined treatment provided any notable benefits over glucosamine alone when it came to easing knee pain. We used the WOMAC score to assess pain, stiffness, and overall function in the participants. When we looked at the significant reduction of pain, more than 92% from both groups experienced some relief, but the combination treatment showed a higher response rate of 44%, compared to 32% in the glucosamine-only group.
Although both treatments appeared safe over the study duration, the statistical differences indicate that adding omega-3s can be beneficial for those specifically hoping for greater relief. We also noted that symptoms like morning stiffness and knee pain showed improvements, with greater reductions in the group taking the combination treatment. This suggests that eicosapentaenoic acid may provide added value in managing knee pain due to osteoarthritis, particularly for patients looking to maximize their treatment benefits.
Read More
8
Omega-3 reduces knee pain effectively
Efficacy of Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Than 40 Years with Persistent Knee Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.
We conducted a rigorous clinical trial to investigate how omega-3 fish oil affects knee pain in people aged 40 and older. In this double-blind study with four groups, we found that those taking an omega-3-based product, AvailOm, experienced a notable reduction in pain intensity compared to a placebo.
By week eight, participants reported less discomfort and improved quality of life. Additionally, the intake of AvailOm led to better muscle strength and sleep quality, making it a promising option for alleviating persistent knee pain. Overall, omega-3 fish oil shows effective benefits for older adults struggling with knee pain.
Read More
8
GLM protects against OA pain
A green-lipped mussel reduces pain behavior and chondrocyte inflammation and attenuated experimental osteoarthritis progression.
We investigated how the green-lipped mussel (GLM) can help in managing knee pain caused by osteoarthritis (OA). In our study using a rat model, we induced OA and then administered GLM to see its effects on pain and cartilage health.
Results showed that GLM significantly improved pain levels while protecting against cartilage damage and inflammation. It also reduced markers associated with destructive processes in the joints.
This suggests that GLM could be a beneficial treatment option for those suffering from OA and associated knee pain.
I’ve been taking this vitamin for a month now. My lower back pain from work has disappeared. The quality of life is worth the money.
Read More
8.5
Strengthened feeling
90 people found this helpful
After taking this vitamin for lower back pain, I woke up feeling stronger than ever the next day!
Read More
9
Knee pain relief
3 people found this helpful
I started taking Omega-3 for knee pain on a rheumatologist's advice. After a month, the pain disappeared, and I feel amazing!
Read More
9
Headache reduction
3 people found this helpful
The neurologist prescribed this for headaches. After three weeks, the frequency of pain decreased, and I forgot about it entirely.
Read More
9
Knee pain gone
1 people found this helpful
I purchased Omega 3 upon my rheumatologist's recommendation due to my knee pain. After a month of taking two capsules daily, the pain has faded away unnoticed. I'm very pleased with the product's quality.
Knee pain is a common condition that can result from various causes, including injuries, overuse, and underlying medical conditions such as arthritis. The knee joint is a complex structure composed of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all of which work together to enable movement and support body weight. When any of these components are damaged or inflamed, it can lead to discomfort, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the affected area.
In many cases, knee pain can manifest as acute pain following an injury, such as a tear in a ligament or cartilage damage. Alternatively, it may develop gradually due to factors like repetitive strain, age-related degeneration, or conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment options vary widely and may include rest, physical therapy, medication, or, in severe cases, surgical interventions. If you're experiencing persistent knee pain, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has shown potential benefits for those experiencing knee pain, particularly when related to inflammatory conditions like arthritis. The omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA, possess anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint inflammation and stiffness. Several studies suggest that supplementation with fish oil can lead to reductions in symptoms and improved joint function in individuals suffering from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. However, the degree of effectiveness can vary among individuals, and additional factors such as the specific dosage and duration of use play a significant role in the outcomes.
It’s important to note that while fish oil may provide relief for some, it is not a cure-all solution. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss if omega-3 supplementation is appropriate for your specific condition, particularly if you’re currently taking other medications or have underlying health issues. Incorporating omega-3-rich foods, such as fatty fish, as well as maintaining an overall balanced diet and exercise routine, can further enhance joint health and may provide additional relief from knee pain.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking Omega-3 supplements for knee pain typically report noticing results within a month of starting the regimen. For instance, one user stated, "After a month, the pain disappeared, and I feel amazing!" Read Review Similarly, another review noted, "After a month of taking two capsules daily, the pain has faded away unnoticed." Read Review This timeframe suggests that consistent use may lead to significant relief in knee pain relatively quickly.
However, some users have also mentioned experiencing improvements even sooner, with one reviewer reporting lessened knee pain after just a week. Read Review Yet, while many experiences vary, it appears that most users find noticeable benefits around the one-month mark, making it a viable option for those seeking relief from knee pain.
The use of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly in the form of supplements like fish oil and krill oil, has gained traction as a potential remedy for knee pain, especially in those suffering from conditions like osteoarthritis. Research indicates that omega-3 fish oil can effectively reduce pain and improve quality of life in older adults experiencing knee discomfort. In a clinical trial involving omega-3 products, participants reported significant pain reduction and enhanced muscle strength after eight weeks of supplementation [1]. Additionally, another study noted that both krill and fish oil supplements demonstrated modest improvements in knee pain and function, although the benefits of krill oil were more limited compared to fish oil [2].
Moreover, specific components of omega-3, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been studied for their pain-relieving potential. Clinical trials have shown that EPA, when administered in conjunction with other therapies, provides considerable relief from chronic knee pain [5]. Furthermore, the combined use of glucosamine sulfate and omega-3 fatty acids yielded significant improvements in knee pain and overall functionality compared to glucosamine alone [15]. These findings suggest that omega-3 supplements can be a valuable addition to treatment regimens for individuals seeking relief from knee pain.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in their symptoms after taking Omega-3 supplements. Users experiencing knee pain have shared transformative outcomes; for instance, one person noted, "My knee pain has faded away unnoticed" after a month of daily doses Read Review. Others have mentioned quicker results, such as a reported reduction in pain within just a week Read Review. These observations suggest that for some, Omega-3 can yield relatively fast relief in joint discomfort.
In addition to knee pain, users have also experienced relief from other ailments. Notably, individuals have reported reductions in lower back discomfort Read Review, menstrual pain Read Review, and headaches Read Review. Reviews consistently highlight not only the effectiveness of Omega-3 in alleviating pain but also improvements in overall well-being, including enhanced energy levels and reduced inflammation Read Review. However, individual results can vary widely, and while many have benefitted tremendously, others may find differing outcomes.
Users have shared positive experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with other supplements to manage knee pain. One reviewer noted that taking Omega-3 alongside vitamin D3 has proven effective in addressing inflammation and alleviating knee pain Read Review. Additionally, another user mentioned that they take Omega-3 with other supplements, attributing their relief from knee pain, experienced after years of discomfort, to the combined regimen Read Review. This suggests that a multi-supplement approach may enhance the benefits of Omega-3 for joint health.
Moreover, users have expressed a trend of experiencing improvements in knee pain while using Omega-3 along with various other supplements, indicating an overall supportive effect on joint health. As one user stated, they discovered substantial benefits, such as increased energy and decreased knee discomfort, after consistently using Omega-3 Read Review. While results can vary, incorporating Omega-3 with complementary supplements appears to be a popular and potentially effective strategy for those looking to mitigate knee pain.
According to the latest research, the optimal dosage of Omega-3 Fish Oil for alleviating knee pain appears to fall in the range of 1,000 mg to 2,000 mg per day. A clinical trial involving 75 participants assessed the effects of varying dosages over an eight-week period and discovered that both 1,000 mg and 2,000 mg doses significantly improved knee function and pain relief compared to a placebo. However, increasing the dosage beyond 1,000 mg did not yield additional benefits, indicating that lower doses may be just as effective for many individuals [8].
Further studies also noted that the combination of Omega-3s, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could enhance pain relief, particularly for those with osteoarthritis. In one investigation, the addition of glucosamine sulfate to Omega-3 supplementation resulted in notable pain reductions, lending credence to using Omega-3s as part of a multi-faceted treatment approach [15]. Overall, many individuals suffering from knee pain could benefit from incorporating Omega-3 Fish Oil into their regimen, with a conservative approach of starting around 1,000 mg to find the optimal benefits for their condition.
9
Knee pain relief
3 people found this helpful
I started taking Omega-3 for knee pain on a rheumatologist's advice. After a month, the pain disappeared, and I feel amazing!
9
Knee pain gone
1 people found this helpful
I purchased Omega 3 upon my rheumatologist's recommendation due to my knee pain. After a month of taking two capsules daily, the pain has faded away unnoticed. I'm very pleased with the product's quality.
7.5
Reduced knee pain
I have been using it for a week and am very satisfied. I feel more energetic and my knee pain has lessened, thanks to God. I recommend it, God willing.
8.5
Back pain relief
90 people found this helpful
I’ve been taking this vitamin for a month now. My lower back pain from work has disappeared. The quality of life is worth the money.
9
Menstrual pain relief
49 people found this helpful
My menstrual pain has vanished after starting omega-3. I no longer need painkillers; this decision is definitely a repeat!
9
Headache reduction
3 people found this helpful
The neurologist prescribed this for headaches. After three weeks, the frequency of pain decreased, and I forgot about it entirely.
9
Improved knee health
1 people found this helpful
The quality of the omega is exceptional, effectively relieving knee pain and inflammation. It also improves overall body health and lowers cholesterol, though there is a slight fishy aftertaste.
9
Effective for pain
56 people found this helpful
This is one of the best fish oil supplements I’ve tried, especially for the price! I take it alongside my vitamin D3 to address knee pain, and it’s effective in managing my inflammation.
7.5
Knee pain relief
1 people found this helpful
Our whole family takes omega; my son has used it since he was 11. I can't credit it solely since we take other supplements too, but I've stopped experiencing knee pain after years of crunching throughout my workouts. We'll continue to take this.
6
Improved skin hydration
2 people found this helpful
I’ve ordered 14 jars and am keen on preserving youth and organ health. I've noticed substantial benefits after drinking omega 3 daily; my skin no longer dries out, and my hair is healthier. My knee pain has improved, and I've noticed increased energy. This supplement is far cheaper than dietary sources like salmon.
8
Omega-3 reduces knee pain effectively
Efficacy of Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Than 40 Years with Persistent Knee Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.
We conducted a rigorous clinical trial to investigate how omega-3 fish oil affects knee pain in people aged 40 and older. In this double-blind study with four groups, we found that those taking an omega-3-based product, AvailOm, experienced a notable reduction in pain intensity compared to a placebo.
By week eight, participants reported less discomfort and improved quality of life. Additionally, the intake of AvailOm led to better muscle strength and sleep quality, making it a promising option for alleviating persistent knee pain. Overall, omega-3 fish oil shows effective benefits for older adults struggling with knee pain.
7
Modest benefits of krill oil
Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
We investigated whether krill oil could help reduce knee pain in adults experiencing mild to moderate osteoarthritis. Over six months, participants took either krill oil or a placebo in a well-structured double-blind trial.
While the results showed that krill oil was safe and led to some modest improvements in knee pain, stiffness, and physical function, the overall benefits were limited.
Thus, while krill oil may serve as a mild alternative for osteoarthritis pain relief, it’s essential to manage expectations regarding its effectiveness.
8
l-Serine and EPA reduce pain
l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
This study focused on whether l-serine and EPA could help relieve chronic knee and low-back pain. We learned that 120 adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They received either the active treatment or a placebo over an 8-week period.
After analyzing results, we found that l-serine and EPA significantly reduced pain scores. This suggests that these two substances may effectively alleviate discomfort for those suffering from persistent knee pain.
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances knee pain relief
Effect of glucosamine sulfate with or without omega-3 fatty acids in patients with osteoarthritis.
We conducted a comprehensive study involving 177 patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis (OA) affecting their hips or knees. Over 26 weeks, participants were divided into two groups. One group received glucosamine sulfate combined with omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The other group was treated with glucosamine sulfate alone.
Our main focus was to determine whether the combined treatment provided any notable benefits over glucosamine alone when it came to easing knee pain. We used the WOMAC score to assess pain, stiffness, and overall function in the participants. When we looked at the significant reduction of pain, more than 92% from both groups experienced some relief, but the combination treatment showed a higher response rate of 44%, compared to 32% in the glucosamine-only group.
Although both treatments appeared safe over the study duration, the statistical differences indicate that adding omega-3s can be beneficial for those specifically hoping for greater relief. We also noted that symptoms like morning stiffness and knee pain showed improvements, with greater reductions in the group taking the combination treatment. This suggests that eicosapentaenoic acid may provide added value in managing knee pain due to osteoarthritis, particularly for patients looking to maximize their treatment benefits.
8
Fish oil improves knee function
Efficacy and Safety of Fish Oil in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.
We explored the effects of omega-3 fish oil on knee osteoarthritis by evaluating 75 participants over 8 weeks. Divided into three groups, they took either 1,000 mg or 2,000 mg of fish oil each day.
Our findings showed that both dosages improved knee function and pain relief compared to a control group. However, the higher dose of 2,000 mg did not provide additional benefits over the 1,000 mg dose. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with their results, and the treatment was deemed safe with minimal side effects.
References
Pérez-Piñero S, Muñoz-Carrillo JC, Victoria-Montesinos D, García-Muñoz AM, Andreu-Caravaca L, et al. Efficacy of Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Than 40 Years with Persistent Knee Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15173848
Stonehouse W, Benassi-Evans B, Bednarz J, Vincent AD, Hall S, et al. Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;116:672. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac125
Jhun J, Na HS, Cho KH, Kim J, Moon YM, et al. A green-lipped mussel reduces pain behavior and chondrocyte inflammation and attenuated experimental osteoarthritis progression. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0259130. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259130
VanDusseldorp TA, Escobar KA, Johnson KE, Stratton MT, Moriarty T, et al. Impact of Varying Dosages of Fish Oil on Recovery and Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise. Nutrients. 2020;12. doi:10.3390/nu12082246
Sasahara I, Yamamoto A, Takeshita M, Suga Y, Suzuki K, et al. l-Serine and EPA Relieve Chronic Low-Back and Knee Pain in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2020;150:2278. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa156
Valdes AM, Ravipati S, Menni C, Abhishek A, Metrustry S, et al. Association of the resolvin precursor 17-HDHA, but not D- or E- series resolvins, with heat pain sensitivity and osteoarthritis pain in humans. Sci Rep. 2017;7:10748. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09516-3
Sibille KT, King C, Garrett TJ, Glover TL, Zhang H, et al. Omega-6: Omega-3 PUFA Ratio, Pain, Functioning, and Distress in Adults With Knee Pain. Clin J Pain. 2018;34:182. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000517
Peanpadungrat P. Efficacy and Safety of Fish Oil in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98 Suppl 3:S110.
Hill CL, March LM, Aitken D, Lester SE, Battersby R, et al. Fish oil in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial of low dose versus high dose. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:23. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207169
Torres-Guzman AM, Morado-Urbina CE, Alvarado-Vazquez PA, Acosta-Gonzalez RI, Chávez-Piña AE, et al. Chronic oral or intraarticular administration of docosahexaenoic acid reduces nociception and knee edema and improves functional outcomes in a mouse model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced knee arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:R64. doi:10.1186/ar4502
Jacquet A, Girodet PO, Pariente A, Forest K, Mallet L, et al. Phytalgic, a food supplement, vs placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R192. doi:10.1186/ar2891
Tartibian B, Maleki BH, Abbasi A. The effects of ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids on perceived pain and external symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in untrained men. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19:115. doi:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31819b51b3
Kubo Y, Ikeya M, Sugiyama S, Takachu R, Tanaka M, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on quadriceps weakness immediately after total knee arthroplasty: a pilot, randomized, open-label clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2023;35:93. doi:10.1589/jpts.35.93
Kubo Y, Sugiyama S, Takachu R, Tanaka M, Ikeya M, et al. Association between serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and quadriceps weakness immediately after total knee arthroplasty. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0228460. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228460
Gruenwald J, Petzold E, Busch R, Petzold HP, Graubaum HJ. Effect of glucosamine sulfate with or without omega-3 fatty acids in patients with osteoarthritis. Adv Ther. 2009;26:858. doi:10.1007/s12325-009-0060-3
Iverson C, Bacong A, Liu S, Baumgartner S, Lundström T, et al. Omega-3-carboxylic acids provide efficacious anti-inflammatory activity in models of crystal-mediated inflammation. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1217. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19252-x
Huang J, Burston JJ, Li L, Ashraf S, Mapp PI, et al. Targeting the D Series Resolvin Receptor System for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Pain. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:996. doi:10.1002/art.40001
Barden AE, Moghaddami M, Mas E, Phillips M, Cleland LG, et al. Specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation in inflammatory arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2016;107:24. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.004