Gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as the stomach flu, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes both the stomach and the intestines. This condition is typically characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and nausea. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections (like norovirus and rotavirus), bacterial infections (such as Salmonella or E. coli), or parasites. In many cases, gastroenteritis can be contracted through contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact, or touching surfaces contaminated with pathogens.
Most people recover from gastroenteritis within a few days to a week, but it's important to stay hydrated, as both diarrhea and vomiting can lead to significant fluid loss. In severe cases, particularly among young children, the elderly, or individuals with weakened immune systems, medical attention may be necessary to prevent dehydration. While there are no specific treatments for viral gastroenteritis, over-the-counter medications can help alleviate some of the symptoms. Prevention focuses on good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing and proper food handling.