An ear infection, also known as otitis media, occurs when germs—such as bacteria or viruses—infect the middle ear, which is the space behind the eardrum. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including ear pain, difficulty hearing, fluid drainage from the ear, fever, and irritability in children. Ear infections are particularly common in children due to their shorter and more horizontal Eustachian tubes, which make it easier for pathogens to reach the middle ear. When the Eustachian tubes become swollen or blocked due to upper respiratory infections, allergies, or sinus infections, fluid can accumulate and lead to an infection.
Treatment typically depends on the severity and frequency of the infections. For mild cases, doctors may recommend observation, as many ear infections resolve on their own. In more severe cases, particularly when symptoms last longer than 48 hours, antibiotics may be prescribed. Pain relievers can also help manage discomfort. In cases of recurrent infections, additional interventions, such as the placement of ear tubes, might be considered. Proper hygiene and avoiding exposure to smoke can also reduce the risk of developing ear infections.