We explored the potential of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a treatment for knee pain and osteoarthritis. This peptide was tested through intraarticular injections in a rat model of knee arthritis to assess its impact on cartilage degradation and persistent pain.
Our analysis revealed that CNP appears to work by targeting specific pathways in the body. Notably, we found that CNP negatively affected the IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway, which is known to contribute to inflammation and pain in the knees. Rather than interfering with other inflammatory signals, CNP selectively inhibited the mechanism that usually leads to increased pain and degradation of joint cartilage.
The findings suggest that by suppressing the expression of VEGFa, a protein associated with inflammation, CNP could provide relief from knee pain. We believe this positions CNP as an exciting candidate for further development as a disease-modifying anti-osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). With its ability to reduce pain and protect cartilage, CNP shows promise as an innovative approach to managing knee osteoarthritis.
Read More
8
Collagen supplements improve knee pain
The effect of supplementation with type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen on pain, quality of life and physical function in patients with meniscopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
We investigated whether collagen supplements could ease pain and improve quality of life for patients with knee meniscus issues. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 32 participants, half receiving collagen and half a placebo.
After eight weeks, we noted that those taking collagen reported reduced pain and enhanced quality of life, along with improvements in some physical tests. While the results are promising, more extensive studies are needed to explore long-term benefits and outcomes for different patient groups.
Read More
8
Collagen peptides effectively reduce knee pain
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
We investigated the effects of specific collagen peptides on knee pain in athletes experiencing functional issues. Over 12 weeks, 139 participants took either 5 g of these peptides or a placebo daily.
Participants reported a noticeable reduction in activity-related pain, which was confirmed by physicians.
While resting pain also improved, it wasn't statistically significant. Additionally, those taking collagen needed fewer additional treatments. Overall, collagen peptides appear to be an effective option for managing knee pain during physical activity.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Reduces joint pain
3 people found this helpful
The lack of smell is great, and I use it daily. The product's quality is very high and yields amazing benefits. It moisturises incredibly and has a fantastic effect on my skin and knees. It even helps reduce weaknesses and improves my overall health while being sweet to taste.
Read More
9
Helpful for knees
This excellent product has improved my knee pain and overall well-being. Its smell is acceptable, and the delivery was prompt. I strongly recommend it as it helps fill gaps in nutrition and supports improvement and recovery. The packaging is impressive and delivery timely.
Read More
9
Improves skin health
This high-quality collagen has improved my knee condition, as well as my skin and hair health. Though the taste is manageable, it’s suitable for any age over 18 and can be taken during a diet. I highly recommend this product.
Open, Observational, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study Assessing the Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement Containing Hydrolyzed Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis Pain Reduction.
We investigated the effects of a dietary supplement containing hydrolyzed collagen, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, turmeric extract, and devil's claw on knee pain and function in osteoarthritis patients.
In a study with 186 participants over six months, they reported a significant decrease in pain and improved joint function. Measures showed noticeable pain relief at both three and six months, as well as enhancements in overall functioning.
Comfortingly, there were no severe side effects noted during the observation period.
Read More
9
Collagen reduces knee osteoarthritis pain
Oral Administration of Protease-Soluble Chicken Type II Collagen Ameliorates Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats.
This study set out to determine if oral collagen supplements could help treat knee pain linked to osteoarthritis caused by ACL injury in rats.
We found that different types of collagen, especially the protease-soluble chicken type II collagen, not only reduced pain sensitivity but also improved cartilage health.
Rats given collagen showed significant improvements compared to those who didn't receive it, leading to better joint function and less inflammation.
Overall, collagen treatment appears beneficial for managing knee pain related to osteoarthritis.
Read More
9
CNP may ease knee osteoarthritis
C-type natriuretic peptide suppresses VEGFa gene expression by attenuating IL6-STAT3 signal pathway in primary synovial fibroblasts from rat knee.
We explored the potential of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a treatment for knee pain and osteoarthritis. This peptide was tested through intraarticular injections in a rat model of knee arthritis to assess its impact on cartilage degradation and persistent pain.
Our analysis revealed that CNP appears to work by targeting specific pathways in the body. Notably, we found that CNP negatively affected the IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway, which is known to contribute to inflammation and pain in the knees. Rather than interfering with other inflammatory signals, CNP selectively inhibited the mechanism that usually leads to increased pain and degradation of joint cartilage.
The findings suggest that by suppressing the expression of VEGFa, a protein associated with inflammation, CNP could provide relief from knee pain. We believe this positions CNP as an exciting candidate for further development as a disease-modifying anti-osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). With its ability to reduce pain and protect cartilage, CNP shows promise as an innovative approach to managing knee osteoarthritis.
Read More
9
Protein therapy shows promise
Co-delivery of IL-1Ra and SOX9 via AAV inhibits inflammation and promotes cartilage repair in surgically induced osteoarthritis animal models.
We examined how delivering proteins directly into the joints could impact knee pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). The study focused on two proteins: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), which helps reduce inflammation, and SOX9, which supports cartilage repair. Using a gene therapy approach, we injected these proteins via a viral vector into animal models that were induced with knee osteoarthritis.
Our results were promising. In one test with a rat model, we saw improvements in gait and a reduction in cartilage damage after injecting IL-1Ra alone. This suggests that IL-1Ra can significantly alleviate pain and damage in knees suffering from OA.
Additionally, when we combined IL-1Ra with SOX9, the effects were even more beneficial. This joint delivery significantly improved not only the inflammation of the synovial tissue but also protected cartilage, leading to enhanced overall joint health compared to using either protein separately.
Overall, our findings indicate that targeting knee pain with these proteins could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies in treating osteoarthritis, highlighting the potential of tailored protein treatments for better patient outcomes.
Read More
8
Collagen supplements improve knee pain
The effect of supplementation with type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen on pain, quality of life and physical function in patients with meniscopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
We investigated whether collagen supplements could ease pain and improve quality of life for patients with knee meniscus issues. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 32 participants, half receiving collagen and half a placebo.
After eight weeks, we noted that those taking collagen reported reduced pain and enhanced quality of life, along with improvements in some physical tests. While the results are promising, more extensive studies are needed to explore long-term benefits and outcomes for different patient groups.
The lack of smell is great, and I use it daily. The product's quality is very high and yields amazing benefits. It moisturises incredibly and has a fantastic effect on my skin and knees. It even helps reduce weaknesses and improves my overall health while being sweet to taste.
Read More
9
Helpful for knees
This excellent product has improved my knee pain and overall well-being. Its smell is acceptable, and the delivery was prompt. I strongly recommend it as it helps fill gaps in nutrition and supports improvement and recovery. The packaging is impressive and delivery timely.
Read More
9
Improves skin health
This high-quality collagen has improved my knee condition, as well as my skin and hair health. Though the taste is manageable, it’s suitable for any age over 18 and can be taken during a diet. I highly recommend this product.
Read More
9
Noticeable benefits
This natural collagen has a wonderful effect on skin health and reduces collagen deficiency in my body. It effectively relieves knee pain and improves bone health. The taste is acceptable, and I notice the benefits after consistent use.
Read More
7.5
Excellent for knees
5 people found this helpful
The packaging and quality are excellent, making it easier to carry in my bag. I can add it to coffee, tea, or juice without altering the taste. It has long-term approval and is superb for knee pain, joints, and skin. Although results take time, the ingredients are excellent.
Knee pain is a common condition that can result from various causes, including injuries, overuse, and underlying medical conditions such as arthritis. The knee joint is a complex structure composed of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, all of which work together to enable movement and support body weight. When any of these components are damaged or inflamed, it can lead to discomfort, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the affected area.
In many cases, knee pain can manifest as acute pain following an injury, such as a tear in a ligament or cartilage damage. Alternatively, it may develop gradually due to factors like repetitive strain, age-related degeneration, or conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment options vary widely and may include rest, physical therapy, medication, or, in severe cases, surgical interventions. If you're experiencing persistent knee pain, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
Collagen supplements are dietary products designed to enhance the levels of collagen in your body, a vital protein that plays an essential role in maintaining skin elasticity, joint health, and overall structural integrity. Collagen is naturally found in connective tissues, skin, tendons, and cartilage, but as we age, our body's natural production of collagen diminishes. This decline can lead to signs of aging, such as wrinkles and joint discomfort. Collagen supplements often come in various forms, including powders, capsules, and liquids, derived from animal sources like bovine or marine collagen.
Many people take collagen supplements with the hope of improving skin hydration, reducing the appearance of wrinkles, and supporting joint health. Some studies suggest that collagen supplementation may help increase skin elasticity, improve hydration levels, and potentially reduce joint pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis. However, it's important to remember that while some users report positive effects, individual results can vary and more research is needed to fully understand the benefits and optimal dosages. As always, it's a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
Collagen supplements have gained popularity in recent years for their potential benefits in joint health, particularly in alleviating knee pain. Some studies suggest that collagen may help improve joint function and reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis and other joint-related issues. The reasoning behind this is that collagen is a key protein in cartilage, the tissue that cushions your joints. By providing your body with the necessary building blocks through supplementation, it may enhance the repair and regeneration processes in joint tissues.
However, it’s important to consider that while some individuals report a reduction in knee pain and increased flexibility after taking collagen supplements, results can vary significantly from person to person. Not all studies have reached conclusive evidence supporting the effectiveness of collagen specifically for knee pain relief. Therefore, while collagen supplements may be a helpful addition to your joint health regimen, they should not be viewed as a standalone treatment. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional to explore comprehensive approaches for managing knee pain, which may include physical therapy, exercise, and other dietary adjustments.
Based on user reviews, the timeline for seeing results from this supplement varies. Some users report experiencing noticeable improvements in knee pain after just one week of consistent use, highlighting increased energy and reduced discomfort (Read Review). Others have noted significant benefits after a month of use, claiming improvements in ligament resilience and overall well-being (Read Review).
While many users express satisfaction with the product's long-term benefits, they also emphasize the importance of consistent daily usage for optimal results. Reviews indicate that although some might notice minor improvements within a week, substantial benefits seem to manifest after a month of regular intake (Read Review). Thus, if you're considering this supplement for knee pain, patience may be required to fully experience its potential advantages.
Collagen supplements have garnered some scientific support for alleviating knee pain, particularly related to conditions like osteoarthritis and meniscopathy. A clinical study involving 31 participants indicated that those who took a collagen supplement reported improvements in pain levels and quality of life after an eight-week period [2]. Similarly, another study involving 186 participants revealed significant decreases in pain and enhancements in joint function over six months when using a supplement that included hydrolyzed collagen [3]. These findings point to collagen as a potentially effective option for those dealing with knee issues.
However, it's essential to note that while these studies provide promising results, they often involve smaller sample sizes and short durations. For instance, the previous studies need to be validated through larger trials to confirm long-term benefits and effectiveness across various demographics [1]. Additionally, variations in formulations and the specific types of collagen used make it difficult to determine which products may be most beneficial. Therefore, while collagen supplements may aid in temporary relief and improved joint function, ongoing research is necessary to fully establish their efficacy and application for knee pain.
Users report a range of improvements in symptoms after incorporating this supplement into their daily routines. Many have specifically noted significant reductions in knee pain, with several individuals emphasizing enhanced joint health and overall well-being. For instance, one user mentioned that the product "improved my knee condition, as well as my skin and hair health" (Read Review), while another reported experiencing a notable decrease in discomfort after consistent use, stating, "it effectively relieves knee pain and improves bone health" (Read Review).
In addition to knee pain relief, some users have observed overall improvements in their health, including increased energy levels and better skin condition. For example, a long-time user shared that the product "provides me with more energy and significantly reduces knee pain" (Read Review) and others have corroborated similar experiences, highlighting that consistent use appears to yield the best results over time (Read Review). However, it's important to note that individual results can vary, with some users having less satisfactory experiences (Read Review).
Based on user reviews, many individuals report positive experiences when combining this knee pain supplement with other nutritional practices. Several users have noted that the supplement not only aids in knee pain relief but also contributes to overall health improvements, including enhanced skin, hair, and energy levels. One user highlighted that they experienced relief from knee pain while integrating the supplement into their daily routine along with a balanced diet, noting, "it effectively relieves knee pain and improves bone health" (Read Review). Another user mentioned that they utilize the product alongside coffee or juice without altering the taste, indicating versatility in its application (Read Review).
In addition, some users emphasize the importance of consistent use alongside a nutritious diet to optimize results. For example, one long-time user stated that incorporating the supplement has not only increased their energy but has also significantly reduced their knee pain over time (Read Review). This suggests that for users looking to maximize the benefits, pairing this supplement with a balanced lifestyle may enhance its efficacy for knee pain relief.
When it comes to collagen supplementation for treating knee pain, research suggests that a daily intake of 10 grams of collagen peptides can yield significant benefits for those experiencing knee discomfort, particularly in active middle-aged adults. This was highlighted in a study where participants showed notable improvements in pain levels and overall daily activities after consistent collagen peptide supplementation for a duration of 6 to 9 months [8]. Additionally, another study indicated that a dose of 5 grams of specific collagen peptides led to noticeable reductions in activity-related knee pain in athletes over a 12-week period, showcasing the potential for lower doses as well [16].
Moreover, various studies have explored the efficacy of different types of collagen, revealing positive outcomes in reducing knee pain among those with osteoarthritis and similar conditions [2]. Most investigations centered on an 8-week treatment period, reaffirming relatively short-term but meaningful pain relief after supplementing with collagen [1]. While the results are promising, it’s important for individuals to consult healthcare professionals to tailor supplementation to their specific needs and health conditions, keeping in mind that the effectiveness can vary based on several factors including the type of collagen used and the duration of supplementation.
7.5
Increased energy
1 people found this helpful
After using this collagen for seven days, I've experienced more energy and less muscle pain. The portable packaging is a bonus, and I’ve felt slight improvement in my gut health as well. I will provide a more extensive review after a month of use.
7.5
Less knee pain
3 people found this helpful
After a month of using this product for knee pain, I've noticed improvements. The natural ingredients and neutral taste make it easy to mix with anything. The packaging is excellent, and I've found that my ligaments feel more resilient. I will definitely continue using these convenient sachets.
7.5
Excellent for knees
5 people found this helpful
The packaging and quality are excellent, making it easier to carry in my bag. I can add it to coffee, tea, or juice without altering the taste. It has long-term approval and is superb for knee pain, joints, and skin. Although results take time, the ingredients are excellent.
9
Improves skin health
This high-quality collagen has improved my knee condition, as well as my skin and hair health. Though the taste is manageable, it’s suitable for any age over 18 and can be taken during a diet. I highly recommend this product.
9
Noticeable benefits
This natural collagen has a wonderful effect on skin health and reduces collagen deficiency in my body. It effectively relieves knee pain and improves bone health. The taste is acceptable, and I notice the benefits after consistent use.
9
Joint pain relief
I have been using this product for years and often recommend it to friends and family. It provides me with more energy and significantly reduces knee pain. I prefer the sachets for travel, while the larger tub is cost-effective for home use.
2
Mixed efficacy
I found this product average. Although many claim it improves skin and nails, this is my third attempt at using it for knee pain relief. The taste is unpleasant but can be masked.
8
Collagen shows promise for knee pain
Effect of supplementation with type 1 and type 3 collagen peptide and type 2 hydrolyzed collagen on osteoarthritis-related pain, quality of life, and physical function: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
This clinical study aimed to evaluate how collagen supplements might ease knee pain related to osteoarthritis.
We involved 31 participants in a controlled setting, comparing those taking collagen with a placebo group over eight weeks.
The findings indicated that collagen supplementation led to improvements in pain levels and quality of life. Some aspects of physical function also showed positive changes, highlighting collagen's potential benefits for those suffering from knee issues.
9
Collagen supplement reduces knee pain
Open, Observational, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study Assessing the Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement Containing Hydrolyzed Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis Pain Reduction.
We investigated the effects of a dietary supplement containing hydrolyzed collagen, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, turmeric extract, and devil's claw on knee pain and function in osteoarthritis patients.
In a study with 186 participants over six months, they reported a significant decrease in pain and improved joint function. Measures showed noticeable pain relief at both three and six months, as well as enhancements in overall functioning.
Comfortingly, there were no severe side effects noted during the observation period.
8
Collagen supplements improve knee pain
The effect of supplementation with type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen on pain, quality of life and physical function in patients with meniscopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
We investigated whether collagen supplements could ease pain and improve quality of life for patients with knee meniscus issues. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involved 32 participants, half receiving collagen and half a placebo.
After eight weeks, we noted that those taking collagen reported reduced pain and enhanced quality of life, along with improvements in some physical tests. While the results are promising, more extensive studies are needed to explore long-term benefits and outcomes for different patient groups.
7
Collagen improves knee pain and function
Collagen peptides supplementation improves function, pain, and physical and mental outcomes in active adults.
We investigated how daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation impacts knee pain and overall function in healthy, active middle-aged adults. In a well-structured double-blind trial, participants were given either a placebo or 10 to 20 grams of CP daily over 6 to 9 months.
The results revealed that 10 grams of CP significantly improved daily activities and pain levels, particularly in those who exercised frequently. Additionally, mental and physical health scores saw positive changes with consistent CP intake. This suggests that collagen supplements can be beneficial for managing knee pain and enhancing quality of life in active adults.
8
Collagen peptides effectively reduce knee pain
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
We investigated the effects of specific collagen peptides on knee pain in athletes experiencing functional issues. Over 12 weeks, 139 participants took either 5 g of these peptides or a placebo daily.
Participants reported a noticeable reduction in activity-related pain, which was confirmed by physicians.
While resting pain also improved, it wasn't statistically significant. Additionally, those taking collagen needed fewer additional treatments. Overall, collagen peptides appear to be an effective option for managing knee pain during physical activity.
References
Genç AS, Yılmaz AK, Anıl B, Korkmaz Salkılıç E, Akdemir E, et al. The effect of supplementation with type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen on pain, quality of life and physical function in patients with meniscopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26:17. 10.1186/s12891-024-08244-w
Genç AS, Yılmaz AK, Anıl B, Korkmaz Salkılıç E, Akdemir E, et al. Effect of supplementation with type 1 and type 3 collagen peptide and type 2 hydrolyzed collagen on osteoarthritis-related pain, quality of life, and physical function: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025;36:85. 10.52312/jdrs.2025.1965
Puigdellívol Grifell J, Comellas Berenguer C, Steinbacher G, Kranjcec T, Álvarez Díaz P, et al. Open, Observational, Single-Arm, Multicenter Study Assessing the Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement Containing Hydrolyzed Collagen, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis Pain Reduction. J Diet Suppl. 2024;21:374. 10.1080/19390211.2023.2284982
Thomas DT, Prabhakar AJ, Eapen C, Patel VD, Palaniswamy V, et al. Comparison of Single and Combined Treatment with Exercise Therapy and Collagen Supplementation on Early Knee Arthritis among Athletes-A Quasi-Randomized Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20. 10.3390/ijerph20237088
van Dam L, Terink R, Mensink M, de Vos RJ, Zwerver J. The JUMPFOOD study: additional effect of hydrolyzed collagen and vitamin C to exercise treatment for patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee) in athletes-study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24:768. 10.1186/s13063-023-07783-2
Yves H, Herman J, Uebelhoer M, Wauquier F, Boutin-Wittrant L, et al. Oral supplementation with fish cartilage hydrolysate in an adult population suffering from knee pain and function discomfort: results from an innovative approach combining an exploratory clinical study and an ex vivo clinical investigation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24:748. 10.1186/s12891-023-06800-4
Chen NF, Lin YY, Yao ZK, Tseng CC, Liu YW, et al. Oral Administration of Protease-Soluble Chicken Type II Collagen Ameliorates Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15163589
Kviatkovsky SA, Hickner RC, Cabre HE, Small SD, Ormsbee MJ. Collagen peptides supplementation improves function, pain, and physical and mental outcomes in active adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023;20:2243252. 10.1080/15502783.2023.2243252
Kwon SB, Chinta G, Kundimi S, Kim S, Cho YD, et al. A Blend of and Extracts Alleviates Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA)-Induced Osteoarthritic Pain and Joint Inflammation in Rats. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024;43:48. 10.1080/27697061.2023.2209880
Chen CC, Chang SS, Chang CH, Hu CC, Nakao Y, et al. Randomized, double-blind, four-arm pilot study on the effects of chicken essence and type II collagen hydrolysate on joint, bone, and muscle functions. Nutr J. 2023;22:17. 10.1186/s12937-023-00837-w
Shavlovskaya OA. [Complex effects of physical exertion with dietary supplements Cartilox in pain syndrome effectiveness and safety evaluation]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2022;99:20. 10.17116/kurort20229904120
Mohammed A, He S. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Hydrolyzed Chicken Collagen Type II Supplement in Alleviating Joint Discomfort. Nutrients. 2021;13. 10.3390/nu13072454
Lee HS, Oh KJ, Moon YW, In Y, Lee HJ, et al. Intra-articular Injection of Type I Atelocollagen to Alleviate Knee Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Cartilage. 2021;13:342S. 10.1177/1947603519865304
García-Coronado JM, Martínez-Olvera L, Elizondo-Omaña RE, Acosta-Olivo CA, Vilchez-Cavazos F, et al. Effect of collagen supplementation on osteoarthritis symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Int Orthop. 2019;43:531. 10.1007/s00264-018-4211-5
Liu X, Machado GC, Eyles JP, Ravi V, Hunter DJ. Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52:167. 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333
Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, König D. Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42:588. 10.1139/apnm-2016-0390
Yamashita R, Nozawa I, Hasegawa S, Nakagawa Y, Miyatake K, et al. C-type natriuretic peptide suppresses VEGFa gene expression by attenuating IL6-STAT3 signal pathway in primary synovial fibroblasts from rat knee. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025;749:151290. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151290
Zhou K, Yuan M, Sun J, Zhang F, Li X, et al. Co-delivery of IL-1Ra and SOX9 via AAV inhibits inflammation and promotes cartilage repair in surgically induced osteoarthritis animal models. Gene Ther. 2025. 10.1038/s41434-025-00515-y