Overview

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 38 Researches
7.8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 10 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: Five (5) Drops
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
0
 
Total Carbohydrate
0 g
0%
Total Sugars
0 g
**
Incl. 0 g Added Sugars
 
**
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
100%
Probiotic Blend
29 mg (2.5 billion CFUs)
 
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
 
**
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12®)
 
**

Top Medical Research Studies

9
LC-STH-13 counters lupus effects
We explored the effects of probiotic LC-STH-13 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in MRL/lpr mice. Our study demonstrated that LC-STH-13 significantly decreased harmful autoantibodies and rebalanced specific immune cells.

We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
Read More
9.5
Vitamin D3 aids autoimmune thyroiditis
We observed that vitamin D3 supplementation may play a significant role in managing autoimmune thyroiditis, a condition often marked by thyroid inflammation. In this study, researchers induced autoimmune thyroiditis in female mice and administered vitamin D3 to evaluate its effects on the disease.

After eight weeks of treatment, the results showed a notable reduction in thyroid damage and lower levels of thyroid autoantibodies in the mice receiving vitamin D3. Specifically, the vitamin appeared to inhibit the activity of certain inflammatory immune cells, which are typically elevated in autoimmune conditions. At the same time, it seemed to support the activity of regulatory immune cells that help keep inflammation in check.

This study highlights the potential of vitamin D3 as a therapeutic option to mitigate the effects of autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that it could help balance the immune response in affected individuals. As researchers continue to delve into the role of vitamin D in autoimmune disorders, findings like these support the notion that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for immune health.
Read More
9
Lactobacillus rhamnosus mitigates gliadin's effects
We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in combating inflammation and cellular changes caused by gliadin in celiac disease models. Our study found that pretreating intestinal cells with LGG postbiotics stopped the activation of harmful pathways linked to gliadin, such as mTOR and NF-κβ. Notably, this protective effect was also observed in more complex models using organoids derived from celiac patients. While these findings are promising, further research is necessary to fully understand LGG’s potential benefits in managing celiac disease.
Read More

Most Useful Reviews

8.3
Effective treatment
The probiotic started showing effects after 1.5 months. My colic has disappeared. It works well! I've ordered another package, although using a pipette constantly is rather inconvenient.
Read More
9.5
Effective treatment
Probiotics specifically for children to restore normal intestinal microflora. They have proven effective for my baby.
Read More
8.8
Improved bowel movements
The only probiotics that have truly helped after many attempts. At two months old, my daughter had stool retention and went every three days. Doctor-prescribed probiotics did not improve the situation. A friend recommended this probiotic, and after three weeks, I saw a change. After the first dose, she started pooping twice daily, and within a few days, her tummy discomfort went away. Now she has regular, calm bowel movements. I recommend this to all mothers! A bottle lasts about a month.
Read More

Medical Researches

SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 38 Researches
7.8
  • All Researches
9.5
Vitamin D3 aids autoimmune thyroiditis
We observed that vitamin D3 supplementation may play a significant role in managing autoimmune thyroiditis, a condition often marked by thyroid inflammation. In this study, researchers induced autoimmune thyroiditis in female mice and administered vitamin D3 to evaluate its effects on the disease.

After eight weeks of treatment, the results showed a notable reduction in thyroid damage and lower levels of thyroid autoantibodies in the mice receiving vitamin D3. Specifically, the vitamin appeared to inhibit the activity of certain inflammatory immune cells, which are typically elevated in autoimmune conditions. At the same time, it seemed to support the activity of regulatory immune cells that help keep inflammation in check.

This study highlights the potential of vitamin D3 as a therapeutic option to mitigate the effects of autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that it could help balance the immune response in affected individuals. As researchers continue to delve into the role of vitamin D in autoimmune disorders, findings like these support the notion that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for immune health.
Read More
We examined how probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus, could help with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms. By isolating monocytes from RA patients and healthy individuals, we created macrophages and tested various treatments.

Our findings revealed that probiotics encouraged macrophages to adopt a more anti-inflammatory state. They increased beneficial cytokines while lowering inflammatory ones. This suggests a potential role for probiotics in managing RA, showing they might help modulate immune responses and improve symptoms.
Read More
9
LC-STH-13 counters lupus effects
We explored the effects of probiotic LC-STH-13 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in MRL/lpr mice. Our study demonstrated that LC-STH-13 significantly decreased harmful autoantibodies and rebalanced specific immune cells.

We also observed reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney tissue, indicating less inflammation. Furthermore, the probiotic helped restore healthy gut microbiota which gets disrupted by SLE. These findings suggest that LC-STH-13 may offer a novel way to manage lupus by targeting both immune regulation and gut health.
Read More
9
Lactobacillus rhamnosus mitigates gliadin's effects
We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in combating inflammation and cellular changes caused by gliadin in celiac disease models. Our study found that pretreating intestinal cells with LGG postbiotics stopped the activation of harmful pathways linked to gliadin, such as mTOR and NF-κβ. Notably, this protective effect was also observed in more complex models using organoids derived from celiac patients. While these findings are promising, further research is necessary to fully understand LGG’s potential benefits in managing celiac disease.
Read More
9
Probiotics may aid IBD recovery
We explored the effectiveness of probiotics in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using a novel Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS). Through careful examination, we found that probiotics notably counteracted the negative effects of colon inflammation caused by DNBS in mice.

Our results revealed that probiotics could significantly help restore gut health by promoting the remission of IBD symptoms. This innovative method presents a promising avenue for future research into IBD therapies while also being kind to animal subjects.
Read More

User Reviews

USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 10 Reviews
8.6
  • All Reviews
  • Positive Reviews
  • Negative Reviews
8.3
Effective treatment
The probiotic started showing effects after 1.5 months. My colic has disappeared. It works well! I've ordered another package, although using a pipette constantly is rather inconvenient.
Read More
9.5
Effective treatment
Probiotics specifically for children to restore normal intestinal microflora. They have proven effective for my baby.
Read More
8.8
Improved bowel movements
The only probiotics that have truly helped after many attempts. At two months old, my daughter had stool retention and went every three days. Doctor-prescribed probiotics did not improve the situation. A friend recommended this probiotic, and after three weeks, I saw a change. After the first dose, she started pooping twice daily, and within a few days, her tummy discomfort went away. Now she has regular, calm bowel movements. I recommend this to all mothers! A bottle lasts about a month.
Read More
8.8
Calmer baby
I ordered excellent probiotics for my child, starting from the third week of life. After receiving antibiotics at birth, my child suffered from dysbacteriosis with liquid stools and severe colic. We started the probiotics immediately, and within a week, the results were apparent; his stools became denser and less frequent, leading to improved calmness and better sleep.
Read More
9.5
Reduced constipation
As a nutritional supplement, it should be used carefully. I ordered it for my daughter, as she was suffering from constipation. Starting at six months old, it helped her considerably. The company's ingredient quality is excellent.
Read More

Frequently Asked Questions

An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells and tissues, believing them to be foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. This reaction can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and impaired function of the affected organs. There are over 80 known autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes, each with its own specific symptoms and treatment options. The exact cause of these disorders is still unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to play a role in their development.

Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders often involves a combination of physical examinations, assessment of symptoms, blood tests, and imaging studies to evaluate organ involvement. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the immune response using medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and a balanced diet, can be beneficial in managing symptoms. If you suspect you have an autoimmune condition, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and tailored treatment options.

Children's probiotics are dietary supplements specifically formulated to provide beneficial bacteria that support digestive health and the immune system in children. These probiotics contain various strains of live microorganisms, often including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are known to help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in children's overall health, influencing their digestion, immune function, and even mood. Many parents turn to children's probiotics to help address issues like constipation, diarrhea, or colic, as well as to support their child’s immunity, especially during cold and flu season.

When selecting a children's probiotic, it’s essential to consider factors such as the specific strains included, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs), and whether it is tailored to your child's specific health needs. Probiotics can come in various forms, including powders, gummies, and liquids, making them easy to administer to little ones. However, it’s always advisable to consult a pediatrician before starting any new supplement regime for your child, as they can provide personalized recommendations based on the child's health history and current needs.

Based on user reviews, the time it takes to see results from probiotics can vary significantly. Many users report noticeable improvements after around three weeks of consistent use. For instance, one user noticed a positive change in their child's bowel movements just three weeks after starting the probiotics (Read Review). Another reviewer indicated that their child began to show noticeable effects within a week of beginning supplementation (Read Review).

However, some users mentioned a longer timeframe for seeing effects, with one individual reporting their probiotic only began to show results after 1.5 months of use (Read Review). Overall, while many experience benefits within a few weeks, it's essential to be patient, as results may take longer to manifest in some cases. Individual responses can vary, so monitoring your progress over time is key.

The role of vitamin D in managing autoimmune disorders is increasingly supported by scientific research. Studies have demonstrated that deficiency in vitamin D is often linked to increased disease severity and complications in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune thyroiditis. For instance, a study found that vitamin D supplementation in mice with autoimmune thyroiditis led to a reduction in thyroid damage, implying its potential in balancing immune responses in autoimmune conditions [2]. Additionally, research indicates that sufficient vitamin D levels may improve muscle health and overall physical fitness among patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, underscoring its importance in managing muscular symptoms associated with autoimmune disorders [1].

However, while the benefits of vitamin D are becoming clearer, its efficacy can vary across different autoimmune conditions. For example, in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitamin D did not significantly reduce autoantibody levels as effectively as other supplements [9]. Thus, while vitamin D is frequently suggested as a supportive therapy for various autoimmune issues, it may not be the sole solution and should be considered alongside other treatments tailored to individual patient needs. Overall, the accumulating data highlights the necessity for continued research to fully define vitamin D's therapeutic role in these complex disorders.

User reviews indicate a variety of positive symptom improvements related to gastrointestinal issues after using probiotics. Many parents report significant changes in their children's bowel movements and overall digestive comfort. For instance, one user noted that after just three weeks, their previously constipated infant began having regular bowel movements and experienced relief from tummy discomfort (Read Review). Another user mentioned that within a week of starting probiotics for their child, they observed denser stools and decreased colic, leading to improved sleep patterns (Read Review).

Several users emphasized that probiotics helped address specific issues such as dysbacteriosis and constipation. For example, a mother noted her daughter had significantly better stool consistency and less stomach discomfort after starting the product (Read Review). Additionally, one reviewer shared that probiotics resolved their child's colic after 1.5 months of use, demonstrating that for some, patience is required to witness satisfactory results (Read Review). It's important to note that while many users have experienced improvements, individual responses can vary widely, so results may not be the same for everyone.

Based on user reviews, there appears to be a consensus around the effective use of this probiotic supplement in conjunction with other supplements for managing autoimmune disorders and related health issues. Users report beneficial results when combining the probiotic with vitamin D, particularly for children experiencing digestive issues. For example, one parent noted positive changes in their child’s ability to absorb minerals and vitamins better after starting both probiotics and a vitamin D supplement (Read Review). Another user appreciated the convenience of a combined probiotic and vitamin D product, which helped improve their child's stool consistency and reduced stomach issues (Read Review).

However, some users advise caution when mixing these supplements, as certain combinations may lead to unwanted side effects. One reviewer mentioned that the probiotic they were using caused mild colic, prompting them to reduce the dosage (Read Review). Overall, while many users share positive experiences regarding the combination of probiotics with other supplements, it’s essential for individuals to monitor their responses and consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.

Users report varied experiences when it comes to finding the right dosage of Children's Probiotics for treating conditions related to autoimmune disorders and digestive issues. Many parents have started administering probiotics at a very young age, with some even beginning as early as three weeks after birth. For instance, one parent noted that after starting probiotics immediately following antibiotic treatment at birth, there was a noticeable improvement in their child's stool consistency and reduced colic within just a week of use (Read Review). Another user indicated that their daughter, who faced constipation at six months, experienced significant improvement after consistent use, suggesting that careful dosing can be key (Read Review).

While there is no universal consensus on the exact right dose, users emphasize starting with a cautious approach. One review highlighted administering five drops a day and encouraged gradual increases, as overuse can lead to discomfort, advising discretion particularly due to the inclusion of vitamin D in some formulations (Read Review). With most parents reporting that significant benefits appeared within weeks, many suggest that consistent monitoring and adjustment of the dose according to the child's response is critical for effective treatment.

8.8
Improved bowel movements
The only probiotics that have truly helped after many attempts. At two months old, my daughter had stool retention and went every three days. Doctor-prescribed probiotics did not improve the situation. A friend recommended this probiotic, and after three weeks, I saw a change. After the first dose, she started pooping twice daily, and within a few days, her tummy discomfort went away. Now she has regular, calm bowel movements. I recommend this to all mothers! A bottle lasts about a month.
8.8
Calmer baby
I ordered excellent probiotics for my child, starting from the third week of life. After receiving antibiotics at birth, my child suffered from dysbacteriosis with liquid stools and severe colic. We started the probiotics immediately, and within a week, the results were apparent; his stools became denser and less frequent, leading to improved calmness and better sleep.
8.3
Effective treatment
The probiotic started showing effects after 1.5 months. My colic has disappeared. It works well! I've ordered another package, although using a pipette constantly is rather inconvenient.
8.8
Stool improvement
My children are formula-fed. I first used lactose and vitamin D separately but discovered this remedy while pregnant with my second child. After he was born a bit prematurely, I began giving him this product at one month. I appreciate that it's a 2in1 product, meaning I don't have to administer vitamin D and probiotics separately. While I didn’t check his vitamin D levels beforehand, I’ve observed better stool consistency and fewer stomach issues.
8.8
Significant improvement
Excellent! This is essential for mothers with children. I have a six-month-old son who struggled with loose stools and poor weight. The doctor advised vitamin D with beneficial bacteria, which I started a week ago. I've noticed a positive change in his body, as he now absorbs minerals and vitamins better. It's excellent! After two months of use, I feel encouraged by the results.
7
Colic risk
Culturell products are well-known. I ordered this to alternate with a Bioga product. It comes in a dropper and allows five drops a day. Suitable for newborns and infants, but one must be cautious since it contains vitamin D. However, this product has given me a bit of colic, so I am currently using it in reduced amounts.
9.5
Reduced constipation
As a nutritional supplement, it should be used carefully. I ordered it for my daughter, as she was suffering from constipation. Starting at six months old, it helped her considerably. The company's ingredient quality is excellent.
9.5
Vitamin D3 aids autoimmune thyroiditis
We observed that vitamin D3 supplementation may play a significant role in managing autoimmune thyroiditis, a condition often marked by thyroid inflammation. In this study, researchers induced autoimmune thyroiditis in female mice and administered vitamin D3 to evaluate its effects on the disease.

After eight weeks of treatment, the results showed a notable reduction in thyroid damage and lower levels of thyroid autoantibodies in the mice receiving vitamin D3. Specifically, the vitamin appeared to inhibit the activity of certain inflammatory immune cells, which are typically elevated in autoimmune conditions. At the same time, it seemed to support the activity of regulatory immune cells that help keep inflammation in check.

This study highlights the potential of vitamin D3 as a therapeutic option to mitigate the effects of autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that it could help balance the immune response in affected individuals. As researchers continue to delve into the role of vitamin D in autoimmune disorders, findings like these support the notion that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for immune health.
We explored the connection between vitamin D levels and muscle health in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), a type of autoimmune disorder. The study included 46 IIM patients and 67 healthy individuals, assessing both groups to understand how vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) relate to disease symptoms, physical fitness, and lipid metabolism.

Through muscle biopsies and blood tests, we measured the vitamin D levels and gene expressions related to its metabolism. We found that lower levels of biologically active vitamin D in IIM patients suggest their bodies may not be effectively processing this vital nutrient. Moreover, regular exercise seemed to improve vitamin D levels, VDR expression, and linked muscle function with overall health outcomes for these patients.

Our findings emphasize the importance of vitamin D in managing muscle health and its potential role in enhancing physical fitness among individuals with autoimmune conditions. While the study presents promising insights, it is clear that ongoing research is needed to fully understand the relationship between vitamin D, muscle function, and autoimmune disorders.
We set out to discover how effective vitamin D is in treating autoimmune disorders, specifically in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Our analysis involved looking at several studies examining various dietary supplements, including selenium and vitamin D, to see how they impact thyroid autoantibody levels and overall thyroid function.

Within the studies we reviewed, vitamin D did not seem to significantly reduce thyroid autoantibody levels like other supplements. In particular, we noted that treatments involving vitamin D, whether alone or in combination with other nutrients, did not show a meaningful effect on reducing thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) or thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb).

This lack of significant benefit suggests that while vitamin D is often included in treatment plans for autoimmune disorders, it may not play a critical role in alleviating the symptoms or autoimmunity associated with HT. Therefore, it might be wise for those seeking supplemental help to consider other options, particularly selenium, which showed more promising results.

References

  1. Vernerová L, Vokurková M, Laiferová NA, Nemec M, Špiritović M, et al. Vitamin D and its receptor in skeletal muscle are associated with muscle disease manifestation, lipid metabolism and physical fitness of patients with myositis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2025;27:48. doi:10.1186/s13075-025-03516-9
  2. Wang CM, Chen YJ, Yang BC, Yang JW, Wang W, et al. Supplementation with active vitamin D3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by modulating the differentiation and functionality of intrathyroidal T-cell subsets. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1528707. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1528707
  3. Chen X, Zhang Y, Lin L, Chen Y, Shen X, et al. A beneficial levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for a decrease in thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB) in patients with Graves' disease: a real-world study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2025;25:14. doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01823-x
  4. Rafati A, Ramezani R, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Bahrami S, Alvanegh AG, et al. Calcitriol Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulated Immune Response in Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in BALB/c Mice. Transplant Proc. 2025;57:355. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.12.020
  5. Casas R, Tompa A, Åkesson K, Teixeira PF, Lindqvist A, et al. Redosing with Intralymphatic GAD-Alum in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: The DIAGNODE-B Pilot Trial. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26. doi:10.3390/ijms26010374
  6. Rasheed A, Khan G. Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1503808. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1503808
  7. Wu R, Li Y, Peng H, Yang Z, Wang Y, et al. Association Between Serum Trace Elements Level and Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24:e16740. doi:10.1111/jocd.16740
  8. Hijjawi N, Tout FS, Azaizeh B, Aljaafreh B. The role of vitamins D, B12, C, and K in modulating inflammation and disease management in rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rheumatol. 2025;44:591. doi:10.1007/s10067-024-07285-9
  9. Peng B, Wang W, Gu Q, Wang P, Teng W, et al. Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1445878. doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1445878
  10. Balshi A, Leuenberger G, Dempsey J, Baber U, Sloane JA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist safety and efficacy in a multiple sclerosis cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2025;93:106229. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.106229
  11. Mourelatou NG, Kounatidis D, Jude EB, Rebelos E. Vitamin D Supplementation as a Therapeutic Strategy in Autoimmune Diabetes: Insights and Implications for LADA Management. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16234072
  12. Huo R, Yang Y, Wei C, Huo X, Meng D, et al. Vitamin D affects antiphospholipid syndrome by regulating T cells (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2025;55. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2024.5471
  13. Kilani Y, Alsakarneh S, Madi MY, Mosquera DAG, Ferreira MN, et al. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Nationwide Perspective. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2025;61:682. doi:10.1111/apt.18438
  14. Ahmadi P, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Ahmadi-Khorram M, et al. The Impacts of and to Promote In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Profile of RA-Macrophages. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13:e70068. doi:10.1002/fsn3.70068
  15. Liao W, Zhang X, Jia C, Chen W, Cai Y, et al. LC-STH-13 ameliorates the progression of SLE in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct. 2025;16:475. doi:10.1039/d4fo03966a
  16. Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
  17. Javanmardi Z, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Shapouri-Moghaddam A, et al. Tolerogenic probiotics Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus promote anti-inflammatory profile of macrophages-derived monocytes of newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42:e3981. doi:10.1002/cbf.3981
  18. Vahidi Z, Saghi E, Mahmoudi M, RezaieYazdi Z, Esmaeili SA, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorate the Expression of miR-125a and miR-146a in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024;196:6330. doi:10.1007/s12010-023-04827-w
  19. Hoseinzadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Tavakol Afshari J, et al. A new generation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells differentially trained by immunoregulatory probiotics in a lupus microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14:358. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03578-z
  20. Tripathy A, Swain N, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces CD8T cell mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunobiology. 2023;228:152415. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152415
  21. Furone F, Bellomo C, Carpinelli M, Nicoletti M, Hewa-Munasinghege FN, et al. The protective role of GG postbiotic on the alteration of autophagy and inflammation pathways induced by gliadin in intestinal models. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1085578. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1085578
  22. Lin H, Lin J, Pan T, Li T, Jiang H, et al. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14:68. doi:10.1038/s41419-023-05589-3
  23. Samani SA, Moloudi MR, Ramezanzadeh R, Abdi M, Nikkhoo B, et al. Oral Administration of Probiotic to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2022;13:35. doi:10.32598/bcn.2021.1955.1
  24. Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Clemente N, Saverio V, Pańczyszyn E, et al. The Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of DNBS-Induced IBD in BALB/C and C57BL/6 Mice, Highlighting the Protective Role of Probiotics. Biology (Basel). 2022;11. doi:10.3390/biology11111574
  25. Petersen AØ, Jokinen M, Plichta DR, Liebisch G, Gronwald W, et al. Cytokine-specific autoantibodies shape the gut microbiome in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148:876. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.025
  26. Liu Y, Hoang TK, Taylor CM, Park ES, Freeborn J, et al. and differentially affect gut microbes and metabolites in mice with Treg deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;320:G969. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00072.2021
  27. Fan Z, Yang B, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, et al. The prophylactic effects of different Lactobacilli on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Food Funct. 2020;11:3681. doi:10.1039/c9fo02556a
  28. Khorasani S, Mahmoudi M, Kalantari MR, Lavi Arab F, Esmaeili SA, et al. Amelioration of regulatory T cells by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pristane-induced lupus mice model. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:9778. doi:10.1002/jcp.27663
  29. Mardani F, Mahmoudi M, Esmaeili SA, Khorasani S, Tabasi N, et al. In vivo study: Th1-Th17 reduction in pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus mice after treatment with tolerogenic Lactobacillus probiotics. J Cell Physiol. 2018;234:642. doi:10.1002/jcp.26819
  30. Kazemimiraki M, Moazamian E, Mokhtari MJ, Gholamzad M. The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Improving Behavioral Deficits, Serum Levels of Vitamin D3, B12 and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Demyelination in a Cuprizone-induced Demyelination Model of Rat. Neuromolecular Med. 2025;27:14. doi:10.1007/s12017-025-08837-1
  31. Yang Y, Hong Q, Zhang X, Liu Z. BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1518181. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1518181
  32. Mirfeizi Z, Mahmoudi M, Jokar MH, Sahebari M, Noori E, et al. Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2024;89:9835. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.17460
  33. Wang CH, Yen HR, Lu WL, Ho HH, Lin WY, et al. Adjuvant Probiotics of subsp. AP-32, MH-68, and subsp. CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:754401. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.754401
  34. Cannarella LAT, Mari NL, Alcântara CC, Iryioda TMV, Costa NT, et al. Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2021;89:111282. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111282
  35. Zhang H, Liu M, Liu X, Zhong W, Li Y, et al. ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells. Front Immunol. 2020;11:569104. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.569104
  36. Cardoso RS, Messora MR, Silva PHF, Oliveira LF, Leite-Panissi C, et al. Effects of subsp. HN019 on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Benef Microbes. 2020;11:33. doi:10.3920/BM2019.0038
  37. Salehipour Z, Haghmorad D, Sankian M, Rastin M, Nosratabadi R, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis in combination with human origin of Lactobacillus plantarum ameliorate neuroinflammation in experimental model of multiple sclerosis by altering CD4+ T cell subset balance. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;95:1535. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117
  38. Ezendam J, de Klerk A, Gremmer ER, van Loveren H. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis administered during lactation on allergic and autoimmune responses in rodents. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008;154:424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03788.x
image