A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. This can happen in two primary ways: an ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed, often due to a blood clot; and a hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding in or around the brain. The severity and outcome of a stroke can vary widely depending on the type, location, and amount of brain tissue affected, as well as the speed with which medical treatment is received.
Recognizing the symptoms of a stroke is crucial for prompt treatment and recovery. Common signs include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems in one or both eyes, and difficulty walking, which may include dizziness or loss of balance coordination. The acronym FAST can help remember the key signs: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call emergency services. If you or someone you know exhibits these symptoms, it's vital to seek immediate medical attention, as timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes.