We carried out a study to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplements could help prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Our approach involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from December 2008 to March 2009.
This ensured that neither the participants nor the researchers knew who was receiving the vitamin D3 or the placebo, making our findings more reliable. During the trial, we provided 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily to one group while the other received a placebo.
The results were promising; we found that only 10.8% of the children taking vitamin D3 contracted influenza A, compared to 18.6% in the placebo group. This reduced incidence led us to a relative risk of 0.58, suggesting that vitamin D3 supplementation may lower the chances of getting the flu.
Interestingly, we noticed the most significant benefits among children who hadn’t been taking any other vitamin D supplements and those who began nursery school after age three. Additionally, in children with a past asthma diagnosis, vitamin D3 seemed to dramatically reduce asthma attacks.
Overall, our findings indicate that taking vitamin D3 in the winter could be beneficial for schoolchildren, especially for certain groups. We believe this study adds valuable insights into preventive health measures against influenza A.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 limits flu-related cell damage
Analysis of influenza virus-induced perturbation in autophagic flux and its modulation during Vitamin D3 mediated anti-apoptotic signaling.
We investigated how Vitamin D3 might influence the effects of influenza A virus (IAV) on human cells, particularly focusing on its ability to reduce apoptosis, which is the programmed cell death that contributes to tissue damage during flu infections.
In our exploration, we used a specific type of human lung cell called A549 to observe the effects of a pandemic strain of IAV. We found that IAV infection led to cell death by disrupting normal autophagy, which is the process cells use to clean up damaged parts and support their survival.
Thankfully, Vitamin D3 appeared to counteract this effect. It helped restore autophagic activity by boosting the expression of certain proteins that are essential for this process. This action led to decreased cell death, suggesting that Vitamin D3 can help protect lung cells during flu infections.
Overall, our findings indicate that Vitamin D3 is a promising candidate for limiting cellular damage during IAV infection through its unique pro-autophagic properties.
Read More
7
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a thorough investigation to determine whether daily vitamin D3 supplementation, specifically at a dosage of 5000 IU, could lessen the occurrence of flu-like illnesses among healthcare workers. Our study involved a well-structured trial at a tertiary university hospital, where a group of healthcare workers received vitamin D3 supplements over nine months, while another group acted as controls without supplementation.
The results were quite promising. Among the 255 healthcare workers who completed at least two months of the vitamin D3 regimen, we discovered that their risk of experiencing flu-like illnesses was significantly lower compared to the control group. In fact, there was a noteworthy reduction in the rate of non-COVID-19 influenza-like illnesses, which reflects the positive impact of vitamin D3 on respiratory health.
However, when it came to COVID-related flu-like illnesses, the difference wasn’t statistically significant. This suggests that while vitamin D3 is beneficial for reducing general flu-like symptoms, it may not specifically target COVID-19 symptoms as effectively. Overall, our findings indicate that vitamin D3 supplementation can be a valuable tool for healthcare workers in minimizing illness, thereby enhancing their overall well-being and ability to care for patients.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Reduces flu incidence
This vitamin D supplement is fantastic; it tastes pleasant and my 2-year-old daughter took it well. The size is suitable for children, and with a portion of a gummy daily, I have noticed benefits and improvements in her health. After a series of flu illnesses post-COVID, she no longer required medication when combined with the complex vitamins I bought, including C. Highly recommended!!!
Read More
6
Supports immunity
In addition to the clear benefits of vitamin D3 for immunity, it positively affects the health of the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, while aiding in the better absorption of calcium for healthy bones and teeth. It energises, enhances brain function, and helps prevent various illnesses, including flu and even cancer. Vitamin D3 is obtained from food and produced via sunlight. However, a sufficient amount is seldom obtained naturally due to unbalanced diets, limited outdoor activity, and sunscreens preventing its synthesis.
Read More
7.5
Increases immunity
This product has significantly boosted my children's immunity, particularly as we transition from summer to autumn, a time when they typically suffer from illnesses, high temperatures and sore throats.
We explored the potential of Oxarol, a medication usually prescribed for psoriasis, as a new adjuvant for influenza vaccines. In our research, we found that applying Oxarol ointment on the skin significantly enhanced the immune response of mice when they were vaccinated against the flu. This treatment helped boost humoral responses—essentially the production of antibodies—and improved germinal center reactions, which are critical for effective immunity.
Our findings highlighted that the vitamin D3 receptor in skin cells played a vital role in this process. By stimulating the production of a molecule called thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), Oxarol effectively facilitated better immune responses against the virus. Experiments showed that giving mice TSLP directly or blocking it produced noticeable changes in their immune responses, indicating its importance.
Importantly, we identified specific immune cells responsible for the effective response, confirming that targeted treatments like Oxarol could pave the way for safer and more efficient vaccine strategies in the future. This study suggests that vitamin D3’s role in skin treatments can be harnessed to improve flu vaccines.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 limits flu-related cell damage
Analysis of influenza virus-induced perturbation in autophagic flux and its modulation during Vitamin D3 mediated anti-apoptotic signaling.
We investigated how Vitamin D3 might influence the effects of influenza A virus (IAV) on human cells, particularly focusing on its ability to reduce apoptosis, which is the programmed cell death that contributes to tissue damage during flu infections.
In our exploration, we used a specific type of human lung cell called A549 to observe the effects of a pandemic strain of IAV. We found that IAV infection led to cell death by disrupting normal autophagy, which is the process cells use to clean up damaged parts and support their survival.
Thankfully, Vitamin D3 appeared to counteract this effect. It helped restore autophagic activity by boosting the expression of certain proteins that are essential for this process. This action led to decreased cell death, suggesting that Vitamin D3 can help protect lung cells during flu infections.
Overall, our findings indicate that Vitamin D3 is a promising candidate for limiting cellular damage during IAV infection through its unique pro-autophagic properties.
Read More
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu incidence
Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.
We carried out a study to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplements could help prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Our approach involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from December 2008 to March 2009.
This ensured that neither the participants nor the researchers knew who was receiving the vitamin D3 or the placebo, making our findings more reliable. During the trial, we provided 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily to one group while the other received a placebo.
The results were promising; we found that only 10.8% of the children taking vitamin D3 contracted influenza A, compared to 18.6% in the placebo group. This reduced incidence led us to a relative risk of 0.58, suggesting that vitamin D3 supplementation may lower the chances of getting the flu.
Interestingly, we noticed the most significant benefits among children who hadn’t been taking any other vitamin D supplements and those who began nursery school after age three. Additionally, in children with a past asthma diagnosis, vitamin D3 seemed to dramatically reduce asthma attacks.
Overall, our findings indicate that taking vitamin D3 in the winter could be beneficial for schoolchildren, especially for certain groups. We believe this study adds valuable insights into preventive health measures against influenza A.
Read More
7
Vitamin D3 shows promise for flu
The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review.
We explored how vitamin D3 supplementation can influence the transmission of flu in care home residents. Our review involved a systematic analysis of randomized controlled trials, focusing on interventions aimed at preventing acute respiratory infections, excluding vaccines.
Among the various interventions reviewed, we observed that high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation led to a notable reduction in the incidence of respiratory infections. Specifically, one trial showed that participants taking vitamin D3 experienced a 40% lower rate of infections, suggesting that this simple supplement could potentially bolster defenses against the flu.
Importantly, while we found that vitamin D3 can be beneficial, other trials involving different vitamins, minerals, or supplements did not demonstrate significant effects. Thus, while vitamin D3 appears promising, further research is essential to confirm its effectiveness and fully understand its role in protecting against respiratory illnesses like the flu.
Read More
7
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a thorough investigation to determine whether daily vitamin D3 supplementation, specifically at a dosage of 5000 IU, could lessen the occurrence of flu-like illnesses among healthcare workers. Our study involved a well-structured trial at a tertiary university hospital, where a group of healthcare workers received vitamin D3 supplements over nine months, while another group acted as controls without supplementation.
The results were quite promising. Among the 255 healthcare workers who completed at least two months of the vitamin D3 regimen, we discovered that their risk of experiencing flu-like illnesses was significantly lower compared to the control group. In fact, there was a noteworthy reduction in the rate of non-COVID-19 influenza-like illnesses, which reflects the positive impact of vitamin D3 on respiratory health.
However, when it came to COVID-related flu-like illnesses, the difference wasn’t statistically significant. This suggests that while vitamin D3 is beneficial for reducing general flu-like symptoms, it may not specifically target COVID-19 symptoms as effectively. Overall, our findings indicate that vitamin D3 supplementation can be a valuable tool for healthcare workers in minimizing illness, thereby enhancing their overall well-being and ability to care for patients.
This vitamin D supplement is fantastic; it tastes pleasant and my 2-year-old daughter took it well. The size is suitable for children, and with a portion of a gummy daily, I have noticed benefits and improvements in her health. After a series of flu illnesses post-COVID, she no longer required medication when combined with the complex vitamins I bought, including C. Highly recommended!!!
Read More
6
Supports immunity
In addition to the clear benefits of vitamin D3 for immunity, it positively affects the health of the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, while aiding in the better absorption of calcium for healthy bones and teeth. It energises, enhances brain function, and helps prevent various illnesses, including flu and even cancer. Vitamin D3 is obtained from food and produced via sunlight. However, a sufficient amount is seldom obtained naturally due to unbalanced diets, limited outdoor activity, and sunscreens preventing its synthesis.
Read More
7.5
Increases immunity
This product has significantly boosted my children's immunity, particularly as we transition from summer to autumn, a time when they typically suffer from illnesses, high temperatures and sore throats.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
The flu, short for influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. Common symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue. The flu can lead to serious complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with underlying health conditions.
The flu virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also be transmitted by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching one's face. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the flu, and the vaccine is typically updated annually to provide protection against the most common circulating strains. In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and respiratory etiquette, can help minimize the risk of infection.
Children's Vitamin D is a dietary supplement specifically formulated to support the health and development of children. Vitamin D is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and it plays an essential role in the functioning of the immune system. Young children, especially those who may have limited sun exposure or dietary intake of vitamin D, are often recommended to take these supplements to ensure they receive adequate levels for optimal growth and development.
Typically, children's vitamin D supplements come in various forms such as chewable tablets, gummies, or liquid drops, making them more palatable for younger audiences. The most common form is vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), which is considered more effective in raising vitamin D levels in the body than D2 (ergocalciferol). It's essential for parents to consult with a pediatrician before starting any supplement to determine the right dosage based on individual health needs and lifestyle factors. Proper intake of vitamin D not only supports bone health but also has been linked to other health benefits, such as improved mood and immune response, making it a valuable addition to children's wellness routines.
While there is no definitive evidence that children's vitamin D specifically helps prevent or treat the flu, some studies suggest that it plays a role in supporting the immune system. Vitamin D contributes to overall immune function, and adequate levels may help the body respond more effectively to infections, including respiratory viruses like the flu. It’s important for children to get enough vitamin D for general health; however, relying solely on supplementation for flu prevention is not advisable.
If you're considering adding vitamin D supplements to your child's routine, it's a good idea to consult with a pediatrician first. They can help determine the right dosage based on your child's specific needs, dietary intake, and exposure to sunlight, which is another source of vitamin D. Keep in mind that maintaining a balanced diet, practicing good hygiene, and keeping your child away from sick individuals are all essential strategies for flu prevention.
Based on user reviews, the time frame for noticing results from taking vitamin D supplements can vary. Some users have reported seeing significant improvements in health and immunity fairly quickly, especially in the context of flu prevention. For instance, one review mentions that after taking the supplement, the reviewer’s daughter no longer required medication when dealing with flu-related illnesses, indicating a change in her health condition Read Review. Another user observed a noticeable boost in their children's immunity correlating with seasonal changes, suggesting that benefits may manifest as you transition into colder months when flu outbreaks are more common Read Review.
While individual experiences may vary, a general consensus from reviews suggests that users can start to feel benefits within a matter of days to a few weeks as the body adjusts and improves its immune response. It’s important to combine the supplement with other healthy practices, as the reviews highlight the importance of a balanced diet and proactive health measures for optimal results.
Recent scientific research indicates that vitamin D3 supplementation may have a positive effect on the prevention and management of flu symptoms. One notable study found that high-dose vitamin D3 led to a significant reduction in the incidence of respiratory infections, including flu, suggesting that it could bolster defenses against such illnesses [1]. Another investigation with healthcare workers showed that those receiving daily vitamin D3 experienced notably fewer flu-like illnesses compared to their peers who did not take the supplement [2]. This suggests that vitamin D3 may serve as an effective tool for minimizing the occurrence of flu and related symptoms during the flu season.
Moreover, research into vitamin D3's cellular impact during influenza A infections indicates it could play a role in enhancing lung cell protection against the virus, particularly by reducing tissue damage associated with flu [3]. While some studies observed initial benefits in reducing flu incidence, results varied over time, indicating that vitamin D3 may not be a standalone solution but could complement other preventive measures [5]. Overall, while promising, the existing data suggests that further research is required to definitively establish the effectiveness of vitamin D3 against flu [1].
Users have reported a variety of positive improvements in symptoms after incorporating vitamin D supplements into their health routines. For instance, one user highlighted that their daughter no longer required medication for flu-related issues after starting the supplement, which they credit to its synergy with other vitamins they were administering Read Review. Another reviewer noted a significant boost in their children's immunity during seasonal transitions, particularly from summer to autumn, a period when they would typically be susceptible to illnesses Read Review.
Additionally, users acknowledged the broader health benefits of vitamin D, mentioning positive effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, as well as improved nutrient absorption which is vital for bone and dental health. This nutrient has been associated with enhanced brain function and energy levels, and while individual experiences can differ, the consensus suggests that consistent use may lead to improved overall wellness and a stronger immune response Read Review.
Users have reported that combining this vitamin D supplement with other vitamins, particularly vitamin C, can lead to significant improvements in handling flu symptoms. One user highlighted how their daughter no longer required medication for flu-related issues after integrating the vitamin D supplement with a complex of vitamins, indicating effective synergy in enhancing health and resilience against illnesses Read Review. Additionally, this combination appears to be particularly beneficial during seasonal transitions when children are more susceptible to illnesses, reflecting a broader trend observed in user reviews that underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to immunity Read Review.
The reviews collectively suggest that users value the possibility of enhancing the benefits of vitamin D by pairing it with other supplements in their health regimen. The feedback indicates that this combination not only fortifies the immune system but also supports overall health, potentially reducing the risk of various diseases, including the flu Read Review. Overall, users recommend a multi-faceted approach to supplementation to maximize health outcomes.
When considering vitamin D3 supplementation for children to help combat the flu, research suggests that a daily dose of 1200 IU can be effective. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted with schoolchildren, those receiving 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily experienced a lower incidence of influenza A, with only 10.8% contracting the virus compared to 18.6% in the placebo group. This translates to a notable reduction in flu cases among those supplemented with vitamin D3, particularly benefiting children with previous asthma diagnoses [7].
Further studies have reinforced the benefits of vitamin D3 in reducing respiratory infections and flu-like illnesses in various demographics, indicating its potential as a valuable addition to preventive health measures, especially during the winter months [2]. However, while evidence points toward the advantages of vitamin D3, it is important to consult a healthcare provider before beginning any supplementation regimen, particularly for children.
9
Reduces flu incidence
This vitamin D supplement is fantastic; it tastes pleasant and my 2-year-old daughter took it well. The size is suitable for children, and with a portion of a gummy daily, I have noticed benefits and improvements in her health. After a series of flu illnesses post-COVID, she no longer required medication when combined with the complex vitamins I bought, including C. Highly recommended!!!
7.5
Increases immunity
This product has significantly boosted my children's immunity, particularly as we transition from summer to autumn, a time when they typically suffer from illnesses, high temperatures and sore throats.
6
Supports immunity
In addition to the clear benefits of vitamin D3 for immunity, it positively affects the health of the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, while aiding in the better absorption of calcium for healthy bones and teeth. It energises, enhances brain function, and helps prevent various illnesses, including flu and even cancer. Vitamin D3 is obtained from food and produced via sunlight. However, a sufficient amount is seldom obtained naturally due to unbalanced diets, limited outdoor activity, and sunscreens preventing its synthesis.
7
Vitamin D3 shows promise for flu
The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review.
We explored how vitamin D3 supplementation can influence the transmission of flu in care home residents. Our review involved a systematic analysis of randomized controlled trials, focusing on interventions aimed at preventing acute respiratory infections, excluding vaccines.
Among the various interventions reviewed, we observed that high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation led to a notable reduction in the incidence of respiratory infections. Specifically, one trial showed that participants taking vitamin D3 experienced a 40% lower rate of infections, suggesting that this simple supplement could potentially bolster defenses against the flu.
Importantly, while we found that vitamin D3 can be beneficial, other trials involving different vitamins, minerals, or supplements did not demonstrate significant effects. Thus, while vitamin D3 appears promising, further research is essential to confirm its effectiveness and fully understand its role in protecting against respiratory illnesses like the flu.
7
Vitamin D3 reduces flu-like illnesses
Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
We conducted a thorough investigation to determine whether daily vitamin D3 supplementation, specifically at a dosage of 5000 IU, could lessen the occurrence of flu-like illnesses among healthcare workers. Our study involved a well-structured trial at a tertiary university hospital, where a group of healthcare workers received vitamin D3 supplements over nine months, while another group acted as controls without supplementation.
The results were quite promising. Among the 255 healthcare workers who completed at least two months of the vitamin D3 regimen, we discovered that their risk of experiencing flu-like illnesses was significantly lower compared to the control group. In fact, there was a noteworthy reduction in the rate of non-COVID-19 influenza-like illnesses, which reflects the positive impact of vitamin D3 on respiratory health.
However, when it came to COVID-related flu-like illnesses, the difference wasn’t statistically significant. This suggests that while vitamin D3 is beneficial for reducing general flu-like symptoms, it may not specifically target COVID-19 symptoms as effectively. Overall, our findings indicate that vitamin D3 supplementation can be a valuable tool for healthcare workers in minimizing illness, thereby enhancing their overall well-being and ability to care for patients.
8
Vitamin D3 limits flu-related cell damage
Analysis of influenza virus-induced perturbation in autophagic flux and its modulation during Vitamin D3 mediated anti-apoptotic signaling.
We investigated how Vitamin D3 might influence the effects of influenza A virus (IAV) on human cells, particularly focusing on its ability to reduce apoptosis, which is the programmed cell death that contributes to tissue damage during flu infections.
In our exploration, we used a specific type of human lung cell called A549 to observe the effects of a pandemic strain of IAV. We found that IAV infection led to cell death by disrupting normal autophagy, which is the process cells use to clean up damaged parts and support their survival.
Thankfully, Vitamin D3 appeared to counteract this effect. It helped restore autophagic activity by boosting the expression of certain proteins that are essential for this process. This action led to decreased cell death, suggesting that Vitamin D3 can help protect lung cells during flu infections.
Overall, our findings indicate that Vitamin D3 is a promising candidate for limiting cellular damage during IAV infection through its unique pro-autophagic properties.
4
Vitamin D3's limited flu prevention
Effects of vitamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial.
We conducted a double-blind study during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic to explore the role of vitamin D3 in preventing influenza A. In this trial, 247 high school students in Japan were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 supplements at 2000 IU per day or a placebo over a two-month period.
Our main goal was to see if vitamin D3 could reduce the incidence of influenza A, as diagnosed by medical professionals. Initially, we observed that the rate of influenza A was lower in the vitamin D3 group. In the first month, only 1.4% of participants who took vitamin D3 came down with the virus, compared to 8.1% in the placebo group—a striking difference.
However, this promising effect faded during the second month, where both groups reported similar rates of infection. Ultimately, while we found some initial benefits, vitamin D3 did not significantly lower the overall incidence of influenza A during the pandemic. It's clear that the impact we hoped for didn’t hold over time, reinforcing the notion that vitamin D3 alone may have limited effectiveness against the flu.
8
Vitamin D3 reduces flu incidence
Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.
We carried out a study to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplements could help prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Our approach involved a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from December 2008 to March 2009.
This ensured that neither the participants nor the researchers knew who was receiving the vitamin D3 or the placebo, making our findings more reliable. During the trial, we provided 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily to one group while the other received a placebo.
The results were promising; we found that only 10.8% of the children taking vitamin D3 contracted influenza A, compared to 18.6% in the placebo group. This reduced incidence led us to a relative risk of 0.58, suggesting that vitamin D3 supplementation may lower the chances of getting the flu.
Interestingly, we noticed the most significant benefits among children who hadn’t been taking any other vitamin D supplements and those who began nursery school after age three. Additionally, in children with a past asthma diagnosis, vitamin D3 seemed to dramatically reduce asthma attacks.
Overall, our findings indicate that taking vitamin D3 in the winter could be beneficial for schoolchildren, especially for certain groups. We believe this study adds valuable insights into preventive health measures against influenza A.
References
Willcox ML, Lavu D, Yousaf U, Dalton S, Roberts N, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf). 2024;46:551. 10.1093/pubmed/fdae178
van Helmond N, Brobyn TL, LaRiccia PJ, Cafaro T, Hunter K, et al. Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily for the Prevention of Influenza-like Illness in Healthcare Workers: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2022;15. 10.3390/nu15010180
Godbole NM, Sinha RA, Tiwari S, Pawar SD, Dhole TN. Analysis of influenza virus-induced perturbation in autophagic flux and its modulation during Vitamin D3 mediated anti-apoptotic signaling. Virus Res. 2020;282:197936. 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197936
Sato R, Makino-Okamura C, Lin Q, Wang M, Shoemaker JE, et al. Repurposing the psoriasis drug Oxarol to an ointment adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. Int Immunol. 2020;32:499. 10.1093/intimm/dxaa012
Urashima M, Mezawa H, Noya M, Camargo CA. Effects of vitamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2014;5:2365. 10.1039/c4fo00371c
Khare D, Godbole NM, Pawar SD, Mohan V, Pandey G, et al. Calcitriol [1, 25[OH]2 D3] pre- and post-treatment suppresses inflammatory response to influenza A (H1N1) infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52:1405. 10.1007/s00394-012-0449-7
Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, et al. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1255. 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094
Kriesel JD, Spruance J. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) coadministered with influenza vaccine does not enhance humoral immunity in human volunteers. Vaccine. 1999;17:1883.