We conducted a study to see if omega-3 fatty acids could help people with major depressive disorder as a standalone treatment. Over 12 weeks, 60 participants took either omega-3 supplements or a placebo.
Results showed that those taking omega-3 had lower depression scores at various points throughout the study. While there were hints of improved outcomes in terms of remission and response rates, these weren't statistically significant.
Overall, omega-3 fatty acids could be a promising alternative, but further research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness.
Read More
9
Omega-3s mitigate juvenile depression
Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression.
We utilized a novel approach to study how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), part of the omega-3 fatty acids, impacts depression in young mice. By subjecting juvenile mice to different ultrasound frequencies known to induce stress, we effectively created a model that mimics the symptoms of juvenile depression.
Throughout three weeks, we monitored the behavior of these mice, some receiving an EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement while others did not. We found that the stressed mice given the omega-3 supplement showed no signs of depression or anxiety, which was a stark contrast to the vehicle group that did experience these symptoms.
Additionally, the study indicated that the omega-3 supplementation helped in mitigating the stress responses, such as reduced inflammation in the brain and changes in metabolism. This finding suggests that omega-3 fatty acids could have a therapeutic potential for addressing juvenile depression.
Overall, our observation sheds light on the significant benefits of incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into diets, especially for young individuals facing mental health challenges.
Read More
8
Omega-3s may enhance mental health
Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults.
We explored the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and mental health using data from over 102,000 participants in the UK Biobank. Our analysis showed that higher plasma levels of omega-3s were linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety. Specifically, those with the highest levels exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and better brain white matter microstructure. This suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in enhancing mental well-being, supporting their use as a potential intervention for mental health issues.
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Most Useful Reviews
7.5
Combats anxiety
Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and preventing inflammation. They enhance brain function by improving memory and concentration while combating depression and anxiety. Additionally, Omega-3s contribute to healthy skin by moisturising and reducing inflammation, such as acne and eczema. Regular consumption also helps strengthen joints, minimising pain from inflammation.
Read More
7.5
Reinforces mental health
Doctor's Best Refined Pure Omega 3 Fish Oil is rich in gold omega, which offers valuable health benefits. It contains EPA and DHA that lower blood lipids and blood pressure while preventing cardiovascular diseases. This product mitigates inflammation and joint pain and enhances immunity, brain function, and cognition. It is effective in preventing depression and anxiety and is better absorbed by the body. Taking refined pure fish oil helps eliminate harmful substances like mercury, reducing potential harm to health.
Read More
7.5
Health necessity
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that the body must obtain from food or supplements. The main types are EPA, DHA, and ALA. While ALA can be converted into EPA and DHA, this isn’t very efficient. Omega-3s offer numerous benefits: they support heart health by lowering the risk of heart disease and blood pressure, enhance brain function and memory, and some studies suggest that they may alleviate depression. Ensuring sufficient Omega-3 intake from sources like fatty fish, nuts, and seeds is essential. Capsules are a convenient supplement option.
Exosomes Derived from DPA-treated UCMSCs Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Stress.
We explored the therapeutic benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in treating depression, particularly in relation to exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depression-like behaviors in the study, which highlighted the role of neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter deficiencies in this condition.
Through our analysis, we observed that DPA not only improved the effectiveness of exosomes but also significantly alleviated symptoms of depression. The therapy showed a remarkable ability to suppress the harmful activation of specific immune cells in the brain, known as M1 microglia, which are often linked to inflammation. Additionally, DPA helped restore levels of important neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine.
Furthermore, in laboratory tests, the exosomes treated with DPA demonstrated better protective effects against cell death and inflammation-induced damage. Mechanistically, this positive outcome was attributed to DPA’s ability to enhance the expression of a particular microRNA that plays a role in reducing inflammation pathways.
Overall, our findings suggest that DPA treatment combined with exosomes not only addresses neuroinflammation but also promotes overall brain health. This makes it a promising avenue for developing more effective depression treatments.
Read More
9
Omega-3s mitigate juvenile depression
Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression.
We utilized a novel approach to study how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), part of the omega-3 fatty acids, impacts depression in young mice. By subjecting juvenile mice to different ultrasound frequencies known to induce stress, we effectively created a model that mimics the symptoms of juvenile depression.
Throughout three weeks, we monitored the behavior of these mice, some receiving an EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement while others did not. We found that the stressed mice given the omega-3 supplement showed no signs of depression or anxiety, which was a stark contrast to the vehicle group that did experience these symptoms.
Additionally, the study indicated that the omega-3 supplementation helped in mitigating the stress responses, such as reduced inflammation in the brain and changes in metabolism. This finding suggests that omega-3 fatty acids could have a therapeutic potential for addressing juvenile depression.
Overall, our observation sheds light on the significant benefits of incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into diets, especially for young individuals facing mental health challenges.
Read More
8
EPA shows promise for depression
GPR120 internalization: a key mechanism for EPA in antidepressant action.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, can influence depression. In our study with mice, we observed that administering EPA for five weeks helped reduce stress-induced neuronal damage and improved brain synaptic functions.
Additionally, EPA demonstrated its ability to lower neuroinflammation linked to depressive behaviors. The findings highlight the potential of EPA as an effective option for managing depression related to inflammation. While further research is needed, these results are promising for its future clinical applications.
Read More
8
Omega-3 improves maternal behavior
Exploring the ameliorative effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on maternal behavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal chronic restraint stress.
We aimed to understand how omega-3 fatty acids could benefit maternal behaviors affected by chronic stress during pregnancy. Our study involved three groups of rats: a control, a stress group, and a group receiving omega-3 supplementation.
The results showed that stressed rats displayed poor maternal behaviors, but omega-3 supplementation significantly improved their care for pups. It appeared to enhance the serotonin system, reduce inflammation, and aid in restoring neuronal function.
This research suggests that omega-3 fish oil might offer a promising approach to help mothers dealing with stress-related behavioral issues.
Read More
8
Omega-3s' potential in depression management
Nutritional interventions in depression: The role of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids in neuropsychiatric health.
We explored how omega-3 fatty acids, alongside Vitamin D, may influence depression management. Our review included a broad search of scientific literature, focusing on studies that evaluate these nutrients' effects on mood and cognitive function.
The results indicate that omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce depressive symptoms, particularly for those with nutritional deficiencies. However, the variety in study designs and dosages makes it challenging to draw clear conclusions.
Overall, while omega-3s show potential as a supportive treatment for depression, more research is essential to solidify these findings.
Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and preventing inflammation. They enhance brain function by improving memory and concentration while combating depression and anxiety. Additionally, Omega-3s contribute to healthy skin by moisturising and reducing inflammation, such as acne and eczema. Regular consumption also helps strengthen joints, minimising pain from inflammation.
Read More
7.5
Reinforces mental health
Doctor's Best Refined Pure Omega 3 Fish Oil is rich in gold omega, which offers valuable health benefits. It contains EPA and DHA that lower blood lipids and blood pressure while preventing cardiovascular diseases. This product mitigates inflammation and joint pain and enhances immunity, brain function, and cognition. It is effective in preventing depression and anxiety and is better absorbed by the body. Taking refined pure fish oil helps eliminate harmful substances like mercury, reducing potential harm to health.
Read More
7.5
Health necessity
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that the body must obtain from food or supplements. The main types are EPA, DHA, and ALA. While ALA can be converted into EPA and DHA, this isn’t very efficient. Omega-3s offer numerous benefits: they support heart health by lowering the risk of heart disease and blood pressure, enhance brain function and memory, and some studies suggest that they may alleviate depression. Ensuring sufficient Omega-3 intake from sources like fatty fish, nuts, and seeds is essential. Capsules are a convenient supplement option.
Read More
6
Supports mental wellness
As a functional nutrition consultant, I find this supplement remarkably beneficial for those experiencing anxiety and depression, especially when blood tests reveal significant deficiencies.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Depression is a common and serious mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background, and it goes beyond just feeling down; it can interfere significantly with daily life, impacting relationships, work performance, and overall well-being. Symptoms of depression may include changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness or suicide.
The causes of depression are complex and may involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. While it's a serious condition that can be debilitating, the good news is that it is treatable. Various treatment options are available, including therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and support groups. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, seeking help from a healthcare professional is a crucial step toward recovery.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
The relationship between Omega-3 fish oil and depression has garnered considerable interest over the years, and some studies suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids may have a beneficial effect on mood and mental well-being. Omega-3s, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), are thought to contribute to brain health and may play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are often linked to mood disorders. Some clinical trials have indicated that supplementation with Omega-3s can lead to reductions in depressive symptoms for certain individuals, particularly in those with major depressive disorder.
However, it's essential to understand that while Omega-3 fish oil can be a useful part of an overall treatment plan, it is not a panacea for depression. Responses to supplementation can vary from person to person, and more research is needed to establish precise recommendations. It is always advisable for individuals experiencing depression to consult with a healthcare professional to develop a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to their specific needs, which may include therapy, lifestyle changes, and possibly dietary supplements like Omega-3 fish oil.
Based on user reviews, it appears that the timeframe for seeing results from Omega-3 supplements for depression can vary significantly. Some users may experience relief from symptoms relatively quickly, while others report taking several weeks before noticing an improvement. For example, one reviewer emphasized the importance of consistent intake, suggesting that symptoms might begin to alleviate with regular consumption Read Review.
While these observations can provide general guidance, it’s important to note that individual responses to Omega-3 supplements can differ based on factors such as diet, overall health, and existing deficiencies. Users have cited that ensuring an adequate intake of Omega-3s is critical for experiencing their benefits Read Review. In conclusion, while some individuals may note positive changes within a few weeks, others may need more time to fully assess the effects of these supplements on their depression.
Numerous studies support the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in alleviating symptoms of depression. One comprehensive review analyzing 31 randomized controlled trials found that omega-3 supplements led to moderate improvements in depressive symptoms, especially in older adults. While effects varied, the results indicate a promising avenue for omega-3 supplementation in managing depression, particularly for specific demographic groups such as individuals with inflammation-related depression and younger populations [1][3].
Furthermore, another analysis specifically highlighted the correlation between higher omega-3 intake and reduced risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD), emphasizing the potential of EPA. In studies involving children, adolescents, and adults, EPA supplementation has shown to contribute positively to reducing depressive symptoms, though the evidence is sometimes inconsistent. The findings suggest that while omega-3 fatty acids can be a supportive treatment for depression, further research is essential to establish effective dosing and treatment guidelines [7][18][16].
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported noticeable improvements in various symptoms after incorporating Omega-3 supplements into their routines. Users frequently mention benefits such as reduced inflammation, enhanced cognitive function, and improved mood, particularly in combating symptoms of anxiety and depression. For instance, one reviewer noted that they found the supplement remarkably beneficial for those dealing with anxiety and depression, especially when blood tests indicated significant deficiencies in Omega-3s Read Review.
Moreover, several users highlighted Omega-3’s positive impact on physical health, including reducing joint pain, lowering cholesterol, and enhancing skin health Read Review. Another user emphasized that Omega-3s improved brain function and cognition, which can also contribute to an overall reduction in depressive symptoms Read Review. However, it is essential to keep in mind that individual experiences will vary, and the degree of improvement may depend on factors such as diet and overall health.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining Omega-3 supplements with other dietary strategies for managing depression. Users have emphasized the role of Omega-3s in enhancing overall mental health and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. For instance, one reviewer, who works as a functional nutrition consultant, noted that Omega-3s are remarkably beneficial for those with anxiety and depression, especially if blood tests indicate significant deficiencies in these essential fats Read Review. This suggests that pairing Omega-3s with other nutritional adjustments may provide comprehensive support for mental wellness.
Moreover, users frequently mention incorporating Omega-3s within a broader health regimen, which includes a balanced diet rich in other nutrients. For example, the reviewers highlighted how essential fatty acids in Omega-3 supplements can improve brain function, memory, and mood, which complement other lifestyle choices aimed at combating depression Read Review. There is an implication that a holistic approach, integrating Omega-3 intake with adequate nutrition, may yield the best outcomes for those looking to enhance their mental health.
Research indicates that the most effective dosage of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), for treating depression typically falls between 1,000 to 1,500 mg per day. In studies focusing on individuals with mild to moderate depression, doses exceeding 1 gram daily have shown notable improvements, especially among those with specific conditions such as elevated inflammation markers or younger populations (children and adolescents) [3]. In one notable analysis, participants taking daily doses in this range over a period of eight weeks reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms, highlighting the potential of omega-3s as a supportive treatment for those struggling with mood disorders [17].
However, it's essential to note that not all studies have reached the same conclusions, and results can vary based on individual needs, nutritional backgrounds, and the balance of EPA to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While some individuals may experience marked improvements at these dosages, others may find little to no effect, underscoring the importance of personalizing treatment plans [3]. As ongoing research continues to explore optimal dosing and duration, it’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional before beginning supplementation to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and circumstances.
6
Supports mental wellness
As a functional nutrition consultant, I find this supplement remarkably beneficial for those experiencing anxiety and depression, especially when blood tests reveal significant deficiencies.
7.5
Health necessity
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that the body must obtain from food or supplements. The main types are EPA, DHA, and ALA. While ALA can be converted into EPA and DHA, this isn’t very efficient. Omega-3s offer numerous benefits: they support heart health by lowering the risk of heart disease and blood pressure, enhance brain function and memory, and some studies suggest that they may alleviate depression. Ensuring sufficient Omega-3 intake from sources like fatty fish, nuts, and seeds is essential. Capsules are a convenient supplement option.
7.5
Combats anxiety
Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and preventing inflammation. They enhance brain function by improving memory and concentration while combating depression and anxiety. Additionally, Omega-3s contribute to healthy skin by moisturising and reducing inflammation, such as acne and eczema. Regular consumption also helps strengthen joints, minimising pain from inflammation.
7.5
Reinforces mental health
Doctor's Best Refined Pure Omega 3 Fish Oil is rich in gold omega, which offers valuable health benefits. It contains EPA and DHA that lower blood lipids and blood pressure while preventing cardiovascular diseases. This product mitigates inflammation and joint pain and enhances immunity, brain function, and cognition. It is effective in preventing depression and anxiety and is better absorbed by the body. Taking refined pure fish oil helps eliminate harmful substances like mercury, reducing potential harm to health.
7
Omega-3 shows potential for depression
Anti-inflammatory interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We set out to understand how omega-3 fish oil and other anti-inflammatory treatments affect depression in older adults. This comprehensive review analyzed 31 randomized controlled trials to see if these interventions could reduce depressive symptoms. The findings showed that older adults had a moderate decrease in depression scores, particularly benefiting from omega-3 treatments. While this suggests a positive impact, it's important to note the studies had some variability in results. This calls for more focused research to pinpoint the best treatments for depression in this age group.
7
Omega-3s show promise in depression
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in depression: insights from recent clinical trials.
We examined recent clinical trials investigating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to see how they might help with major depressive disorder (MDD).
The analysis focused on high doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), showing improvements especially in patients with inflammation-related depression and younger individuals.
Although results are encouraging, particularly for specific subpopulations, establishing the best doses and treatment durations requires further research.
7
Omega-3s linked to reduced depression
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with brain connectivity and mood in young adults with subthreshold depression: A preliminary study.
We explored how omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA and EPA, might influence mood and brain connectivity in young adults showing signs of mild depression. In a study involving 15 participants aged 18 to 29, we found that those with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids had lower depression scores. This suggests that omega-3s may enhance connections in brain regions associated with mood regulation. While promising, further research is needed to deepen our understanding of these effects on subthreshold depression.
8
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids mild depression
Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions in Milder Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
We focused on the effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as a treatment for mild depression. Comprehensive searches led us to several randomized controlled trials that examined how EPA could help those experiencing symptoms of mild depression.
Our analysis highlighted that EPA, found in certain fish oils, shows potential as a therapeutic option for individuals with mild depression. While some studies presented promising findings, we noted that rigorous research explicitly comparing EPA against placebo was limited.
Moreover, our review found that supplements like EPA may contribute positively to symptom relief. However, due to the lack of direct comparisons with antidepressants or detailed isolation of EPA's effects, we do not claim conclusive superiority over existing treatments at this time.
Overall, while there is hope regarding EPA's role in assisting with mild depression, we must call for further studies and more comprehensive research to validate these benefits fully.
7
Omega-3s may reduce depression risk
Omega-3 fatty acids and major depression: a Mendelian randomization study.
We investigated the link between omega-3 fatty acids and depression using genetic data from large-scale studies. By analyzing over 115,000 participants in the UK Biobank and nearly 431,000 in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we assessed the causal relationship between these fatty acids and major depressive disorder (MDD).
Our findings suggest that higher levels of omega-3s, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are associated with reduced odds of developing MDD. However, while the results show a significant correlation, we noted some uncertainty due to possible confounding factors.
Overall, omega-3s, especially EPA, may play a role in managing depression, but more targeted interventions could be required for clearer outcomes.
4
EPA shows potential in depression
Exploration of the optimized portrait of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating depression: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
We examined the effectiveness of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, in treating depression. After analyzing 36 well-structured studies, we found some positive outcomes and also observed notable variability in the results. The overall findings suggested that EPA could offer benefits for depression, yielding a small but statistically significant improvement in symptoms.
It's particularly interesting to note that for Asian patients experiencing mild to moderate depression, the best results seemed to emerge with a daily dosage of 1000 to 1500 mg of omega-3s over eight weeks. This intake should ideally have a specific balance of EPA to another omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), set at between 1:1 and 2:1 ratios. However, despite these encouraging indications, our analysis also revealed that EPA isn’t better than a placebo for achieving response or remission rates or for adverse events.
Overall, while omega-3 PUFAs like EPA may hold promise for managing depressive symptoms, we must approach the findings with caution. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of how to harness the potential benefits of these fatty acids in treating depression.
References
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Yu Q, Li H, Chen M, Pan Y, Zhou L, et al. GPR120 internalization: a key mechanism for EPA in antidepressant action. Food Funct. 2025;16:2893. 10.1039/d5fo00252d
Dyall SC, Malau IA, Su KP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in depression: insights from recent clinical trials. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2025;28:66. 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001077
Al Sinani M, Johnson M, Crawford M, Al Maqbali M, Al-Adawi S. Depression and anxiety in the pregnant Omani population in relation to their fatty acid intake and levels. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2025;204:102668. 10.1016/j.plefa.2025.102668
Wang B, Liu P, Gao X, Yang F, Sun J, et al. Exploring the ameliorative effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on maternal behavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal chronic restraint stress. Behav Brain Res. 2025;483:115458. 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115458
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Faulkner P, Gibson EL, Dyall SC. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with brain connectivity and mood in young adults with subthreshold depression: A preliminary study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2025;204:102664. 10.1016/j.plefa.2025.102664
Li Y, Hua L, Ran Q, Gu J, Bao Y, et al. Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16234065
Campisi SC, Zasowski C, Bradley-Ridout G, Schumacher A, Szatmari P, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;11:CD014803. 10.1002/14651858.CD014803.pub2
Wu SK, Yang KJ, Liu WC, Malau IA, Zailani H, et al. The Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as the Monotherapy for Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16213688
Jastrzebska J, Frankowska M, Wesołowska J, Filip M, Smaga I. Dietary Intervention with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Mitigates Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Behavioral and Myelin-Related Alterations in Adult Offspring. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2025;23:329. 10.2174/1570159X23666241014164940
Chen L, Yang Y, Zhang N, Che H, Wang Z, et al. DHA and EPA alleviate depressive-like behaviors in chronic sleep-deprived mice: Involvement of iron metabolism, oligodendrocyte-lipids peroxidation and the LCN2-NLRP3 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2024;225:654. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.10.298
Cheng YC, Chen WY, Lin C, Lee SH, Chiu CC, et al. The N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation to prevent depression recurrence in patients with late-life depression: A 52-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:8. 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.129
Serefko A, Jach ME, Pietraszuk M, Świąder M, Świąder K, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Depression. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. 10.3390/ijms25168675
Lam C, Han L, McIntyre RS, Teopiz KM, Cao B. Comparative Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Other Interventions for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2024;34:282. 10.1089/cap.2024.0017
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Kong L, Zhang Q, Wang H, Xu Y, Xu C, et al. Exploration of the optimized portrait of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in treating depression: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2025. 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.006
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Lin YW, Cheng SW, Liu WC, Zailani H, Wu SK, et al. Chemogenetic targeting TRPV1 in obesity-induced depression: Unveiling therapeutic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid and acupuncture. Brain Behav Immun. 2025;123:771. 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.028
Li P, Zhang F, Huang C, Zhang C, Yang Z, et al. Exosomes Derived from DPA-treated UCMSCs Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Stress. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2024;19:55. 10.1007/s11481-024-10154-6
Lin YL, Wang CL, Chiang TI. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation alleviates pruritus, enhances skin moisture, and mitigates depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front Nephrol. 2024;4:1365809. 10.3389/fneph.2024.1365809
Strekalova T, Radford-Smith D, Dunstan IK, Gorlova A, Svirin E, et al. Omega-3 alleviates behavioral and molecular changes in a mouse model of stress-induced juvenile depression. Neurobiol Stress. 2024;31:100646. 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100646
Lou F, Luo S, Kang N, Yan L, Long H, et al. Oral microbiota dysbiosis alters chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors by modulating host metabolism. Pharmacol Res. 2024;204:107214. 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107214
Zhang C, Hou B, Xu Y, Zeng S, Luo X, et al. Association between eicosapentaenoic acid consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Analyses from NHANES 2005-2018. J Affect Disord. 2024;354:62. 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.055