Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 13 Researches
8.3
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Vegetarian Tablet
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin C (as Ester-C® Calcium Ascorbate)
1,000 mg (1 g)
1,111%
Calcium (as Ester-C® Calcium Ascorbate)
108 mg
8%
Citrus Bioflavonoids ComplexCitrus Bioflavonoids (Citrus spp.) (fruit), Sweet Orange, Tangerine, Lime, Lemon, Acerola, Rutin, Hesperidin Complex (Citrus spp.) (fruit), Naturally Occurring Vitamin C Metabolites
200 mg
**
Top Medical Research Studies
9
We explored the effects of vitamin C on chest pain in chronic smokers experiencing endothelial dysfunction. In our study, 31 patients, who were undergoing diagnostic catheterization without significant coronary artery issues, participated in a controlled trial. They were given either an IV infusion of 3 grams of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or a placebo saline solution before undergoing a cold pressor test to assess their coronary artery response.
The results were telling. Smokers typically showed a decrease in luminal area—an indicator of blood flow—during the cold pressor test. However, after infusing vitamin C, this response shifted positively, demonstrating improved blood flow through a vasodilation effect. On the other hand, those who received the placebo did not experience significant changes.
This means that for chronic smokers, acute administration of vitamin C appears to enhance the function of the endothelium, which is vital for proper blood vessel health and managing chest pain. Ultimately, we observed that vitamin C may help prevent the inactivation of nitric oxide, a compound that supports healthy blood flow, and this effect could be crucial for managing cardiovascular health in smokers.
The results were telling. Smokers typically showed a decrease in luminal area—an indicator of blood flow—during the cold pressor test. However, after infusing vitamin C, this response shifted positively, demonstrating improved blood flow through a vasodilation effect. On the other hand, those who received the placebo did not experience significant changes.
This means that for chronic smokers, acute administration of vitamin C appears to enhance the function of the endothelium, which is vital for proper blood vessel health and managing chest pain. Ultimately, we observed that vitamin C may help prevent the inactivation of nitric oxide, a compound that supports healthy blood flow, and this effect could be crucial for managing cardiovascular health in smokers.
Read More
7
Vitamin C levels and angina
We examined the relationship between vitamin C levels and previously undiagnosed angina, a type of chest pain, in women aged 45 to 74 years. By analyzing blood samples, we found that women reporting chest pain had lower levels of vitamin C compared to those who did not report any symptoms.
Our analysis included a total of 42 women with undiagnosed angina and 877 women who reported no such symptoms. We noted that the average plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in the angina group, indicating a potential connection between low vitamin C levels and the presence of chest pain.
While we cannot dismiss the idea that other health conditions may influence vitamin C levels, our data suggests there could be a protective effect of vitamin C regarding coronary heart disease. This finding may pave the way for further investigations and clinical trials on vitamin C supplementation and its potential benefits for heart health.
Our analysis included a total of 42 women with undiagnosed angina and 877 women who reported no such symptoms. We noted that the average plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in the angina group, indicating a potential connection between low vitamin C levels and the presence of chest pain.
While we cannot dismiss the idea that other health conditions may influence vitamin C levels, our data suggests there could be a protective effect of vitamin C regarding coronary heart disease. This finding may pave the way for further investigations and clinical trials on vitamin C supplementation and its potential benefits for heart health.
Read More
8
We explored the relationship between vitamin C, commonly known as ascorbic acid, and nitrate tolerance in patients using nitroglycerin for angina pectoris, a condition that causes chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. In our study, we created a cell culture model to understand how the body becomes tolerant to nitroglycerin, which is a medication that works by turning into nitric oxide to help expand blood vessels.
Our findings showed that nitroglycerin reduces the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme crucial for converting nitroglycerin into the beneficial nitric oxide. This reduction can limit how effective nitroglycerin is over time, leading to what is called "nitrate tolerance." However, when we introduced vitamin C into the model, it was able to protect xanthine oxidase from being inactivated, which helped increase nitric oxide production.
This means that vitamin C might play a vital role in preventing the body from developing tolerance to nitroglycerin, which could be beneficial for patients who rely on this medication to alleviate chest pain over the long term. Our study sheds light on why incorporating vitamin C into treatment regimens may enhance the effectiveness of nitrate therapy and support heart health.
Our findings showed that nitroglycerin reduces the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme crucial for converting nitroglycerin into the beneficial nitric oxide. This reduction can limit how effective nitroglycerin is over time, leading to what is called "nitrate tolerance." However, when we introduced vitamin C into the model, it was able to protect xanthine oxidase from being inactivated, which helped increase nitric oxide production.
This means that vitamin C might play a vital role in preventing the body from developing tolerance to nitroglycerin, which could be beneficial for patients who rely on this medication to alleviate chest pain over the long term. Our study sheds light on why incorporating vitamin C into treatment regimens may enhance the effectiveness of nitrate therapy and support heart health.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Chest pain relief
33 people found this helpful
Helped me manage the disease effectively. Initially, I intended to cut the tablets for a 500 mg dose daily but overlooked that these were capsules. After my children brought home an illness, I took one capsule with a meal, and my symptoms improved far quicker than before. I appreciated the non-acidic vitamin C, which didn't cause me chest pain as lemon water did, as I had been under a gastroenterologist’s care. Very satisfied, indeed!
Read More
9
No chest pain
1 people found this helpful
Eating it on an empty stomach does not induce any chest pain, which is excellent!
Read More
9
Effective against illness
An excellent form of vitamin C that doesn’t cause chest pain. The price per dosage is reasonable, and I take it during respiratory illnesses.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Moderately Effective
Based on 13 Researches
8.3
- All Researches
9.5
We investigated the role of vitamin C in treating symptoms, including chest pain, among South Sudanese refugee young men living in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya. Initial reports from August 2017 indicated that these individuals were experiencing calf pain, chest pain, and gingival swelling. Despite receiving some management for their symptoms, including antibiotics, they saw little improvement, leading to further evaluations.
Following an alert to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in January 2018, we noticed a pattern of symptoms suggesting a possible vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy. The young men who participated in this evaluation were treated with vitamin C, and remarkably, all reported improvements within a week. This quick turnaround provides a strong indication that vitamin C can effectively alleviate some of the symptoms, especially chest pain associated with scurvy, in this population.
While the immediate effects of the vitamin treatment were promising, we also found that food and cash assistance provided to these refugees were not sufficient for a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. Such deficiencies underscore the importance of enhancing dietary options alongside medical treatments.
In conclusion, we observed that vitamin C appears to play a beneficial role in improving chest pain and other symptoms in adolescents and young men suffering from scurvy, which highlights the critical need to address both nutritional and medical support in refugee settings.
Following an alert to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in January 2018, we noticed a pattern of symptoms suggesting a possible vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy. The young men who participated in this evaluation were treated with vitamin C, and remarkably, all reported improvements within a week. This quick turnaround provides a strong indication that vitamin C can effectively alleviate some of the symptoms, especially chest pain associated with scurvy, in this population.
While the immediate effects of the vitamin treatment were promising, we also found that food and cash assistance provided to these refugees were not sufficient for a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. Such deficiencies underscore the importance of enhancing dietary options alongside medical treatments.
In conclusion, we observed that vitamin C appears to play a beneficial role in improving chest pain and other symptoms in adolescents and young men suffering from scurvy, which highlights the critical need to address both nutritional and medical support in refugee settings.
Read More
9
We observed a fascinating case where a 56-year-old woman presented with worsening chest pain and shortness of breath, symptoms that led to a discovery of a significant health issue. Upon examination, she displayed a range of alarming signs, including rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and swollen neck veins. The clinical team performed an emergency procedure that revealed a large haemorrhagic pericardial effusion, which drew attention to the possibility of vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy.
Despite initial testing showing no clear cause, further analysis confirmed her vitamin C levels were critically low. Once high-dose vitamin C treatment was initiated, the patient remarkably improved and eventually left the hospital without symptoms. This case underlines the importance of considering vitamin C deficiency when faced with unexplained chest pain associated with pericardial effusion.
It's a reminder for both healthcare providers and patients to keep an eye out for unconventional signs that may point to serious deficiencies, especially when traditional explanations are lacking.
Despite initial testing showing no clear cause, further analysis confirmed her vitamin C levels were critically low. Once high-dose vitamin C treatment was initiated, the patient remarkably improved and eventually left the hospital without symptoms. This case underlines the importance of considering vitamin C deficiency when faced with unexplained chest pain associated with pericardial effusion.
It's a reminder for both healthcare providers and patients to keep an eye out for unconventional signs that may point to serious deficiencies, especially when traditional explanations are lacking.
Read More
9
Vitamin C improves heart perfusion
We explored how vitamin C infusion might affect microcirculation and related chest pain during elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina. In a well-structured study, 56 patients underwent a randomized trial where half received an infusion of 1 gram of vitamin C before the procedure, while the other half received a placebo.
Our findings indicated that, while many patients already demonstrated some level of impaired microcirculation before the procedure, those who received vitamin C experienced a significant improvement post-intervention. Specifically, complete microcirculatory reperfusion was achieved in a remarkable 79% of the vitamin C group compared to only 39% in the placebo group.
Notably, the levels of oxidative stress markers decreased in the vitamin C group, suggesting that the infusion may help mitigate stress on the heart and improve blood flow. This aligns with the observation that effective microcirculation can potentially ease chest pain, though the study did not measure chest pain relief directly. Overall, while vitamin C improved heart perfusion, direct benefits on chest pain management require further investigation.
Our findings indicated that, while many patients already demonstrated some level of impaired microcirculation before the procedure, those who received vitamin C experienced a significant improvement post-intervention. Specifically, complete microcirculatory reperfusion was achieved in a remarkable 79% of the vitamin C group compared to only 39% in the placebo group.
Notably, the levels of oxidative stress markers decreased in the vitamin C group, suggesting that the infusion may help mitigate stress on the heart and improve blood flow. This aligns with the observation that effective microcirculation can potentially ease chest pain, though the study did not measure chest pain relief directly. Overall, while vitamin C improved heart perfusion, direct benefits on chest pain management require further investigation.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of vitamin C on chest pain through a study that involved 28 patients with stable angina and coronary artery disease. Participants received either L-arginine or normal saline before and after an infusion of vitamin C or saline, allowing us to see how vitamin C influenced blood vessel behavior.
Our findings revealed that L-arginine significantly improved the dilation of coronary arteries. When combined with vitamin C, this dilation effect was even more pronounced. Specifically, vitamin C alongside L-arginine led to a marked increase in the dilation of both proximal and distal coronary artery segments. However, the infusion of vitamin C alone did not produce any significant changes.
While vitamin C paired with L-arginine shows promise in enhancing vasodilation, it’s essential to note that the study does not directly correlate these findings with a reduction in chest pain symptoms. Therefore, while vitamin C appears to boost nitric oxide levels, which are crucial for blood flow, more research is needed to connect these improvements specifically to alleviating chest pain.
Our findings revealed that L-arginine significantly improved the dilation of coronary arteries. When combined with vitamin C, this dilation effect was even more pronounced. Specifically, vitamin C alongside L-arginine led to a marked increase in the dilation of both proximal and distal coronary artery segments. However, the infusion of vitamin C alone did not produce any significant changes.
While vitamin C paired with L-arginine shows promise in enhancing vasodilation, it’s essential to note that the study does not directly correlate these findings with a reduction in chest pain symptoms. Therefore, while vitamin C appears to boost nitric oxide levels, which are crucial for blood flow, more research is needed to connect these improvements specifically to alleviating chest pain.
Read More
9
We explored the effects of vitamin C on chest pain in chronic smokers experiencing endothelial dysfunction. In our study, 31 patients, who were undergoing diagnostic catheterization without significant coronary artery issues, participated in a controlled trial. They were given either an IV infusion of 3 grams of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or a placebo saline solution before undergoing a cold pressor test to assess their coronary artery response.
The results were telling. Smokers typically showed a decrease in luminal area—an indicator of blood flow—during the cold pressor test. However, after infusing vitamin C, this response shifted positively, demonstrating improved blood flow through a vasodilation effect. On the other hand, those who received the placebo did not experience significant changes.
This means that for chronic smokers, acute administration of vitamin C appears to enhance the function of the endothelium, which is vital for proper blood vessel health and managing chest pain. Ultimately, we observed that vitamin C may help prevent the inactivation of nitric oxide, a compound that supports healthy blood flow, and this effect could be crucial for managing cardiovascular health in smokers.
The results were telling. Smokers typically showed a decrease in luminal area—an indicator of blood flow—during the cold pressor test. However, after infusing vitamin C, this response shifted positively, demonstrating improved blood flow through a vasodilation effect. On the other hand, those who received the placebo did not experience significant changes.
This means that for chronic smokers, acute administration of vitamin C appears to enhance the function of the endothelium, which is vital for proper blood vessel health and managing chest pain. Ultimately, we observed that vitamin C may help prevent the inactivation of nitric oxide, a compound that supports healthy blood flow, and this effect could be crucial for managing cardiovascular health in smokers.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 4 Reviews
8.6
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Chest pain relief
33 people found this helpful
Helped me manage the disease effectively. Initially, I intended to cut the tablets for a 500 mg dose daily but overlooked that these were capsules. After my children brought home an illness, I took one capsule with a meal, and my symptoms improved far quicker than before. I appreciated the non-acidic vitamin C, which didn't cause me chest pain as lemon water did, as I had been under a gastroenterologist’s care. Very satisfied, indeed!
Read More
9
No chest pain
1 people found this helpful
Eating it on an empty stomach does not induce any chest pain, which is excellent!
Read More
9
Effective against illness
An excellent form of vitamin C that doesn’t cause chest pain. The price per dosage is reasonable, and I take it during respiratory illnesses.
Read More
9
Gentle on stomach
1 people found this helpful
This vitamin C is the best form for any ailment; it gently affects the digestive tract without causing chest pain or heaviness.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Chest pain relief
33 people found this helpful
Helped me manage the disease effectively. Initially, I intended to cut the tablets for a 500 mg dose daily but overlooked that these were capsules. After my children brought home an illness, I took one capsule with a meal, and my symptoms improved far quicker than before. I appreciated the non-acidic vitamin C, which didn't cause me chest pain as lemon water did, as I had been under a gastroenterologist’s care. Very satisfied, indeed!
9
No chest pain
1 people found this helpful
Eating it on an empty stomach does not induce any chest pain, which is excellent!
9
Gentle on stomach
1 people found this helpful
This vitamin C is the best form for any ailment; it gently affects the digestive tract without causing chest pain or heaviness.
9
Effective against illness
An excellent form of vitamin C that doesn’t cause chest pain. The price per dosage is reasonable, and I take it during respiratory illnesses.
9.5
We investigated the role of vitamin C in treating symptoms, including chest pain, among South Sudanese refugee young men living in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya. Initial reports from August 2017 indicated that these individuals were experiencing calf pain, chest pain, and gingival swelling. Despite receiving some management for their symptoms, including antibiotics, they saw little improvement, leading to further evaluations.
Following an alert to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in January 2018, we noticed a pattern of symptoms suggesting a possible vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy. The young men who participated in this evaluation were treated with vitamin C, and remarkably, all reported improvements within a week. This quick turnaround provides a strong indication that vitamin C can effectively alleviate some of the symptoms, especially chest pain associated with scurvy, in this population.
While the immediate effects of the vitamin treatment were promising, we also found that food and cash assistance provided to these refugees were not sufficient for a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. Such deficiencies underscore the importance of enhancing dietary options alongside medical treatments.
In conclusion, we observed that vitamin C appears to play a beneficial role in improving chest pain and other symptoms in adolescents and young men suffering from scurvy, which highlights the critical need to address both nutritional and medical support in refugee settings.
Following an alert to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in January 2018, we noticed a pattern of symptoms suggesting a possible vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy. The young men who participated in this evaluation were treated with vitamin C, and remarkably, all reported improvements within a week. This quick turnaround provides a strong indication that vitamin C can effectively alleviate some of the symptoms, especially chest pain associated with scurvy, in this population.
While the immediate effects of the vitamin treatment were promising, we also found that food and cash assistance provided to these refugees were not sufficient for a balanced diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. Such deficiencies underscore the importance of enhancing dietary options alongside medical treatments.
In conclusion, we observed that vitamin C appears to play a beneficial role in improving chest pain and other symptoms in adolescents and young men suffering from scurvy, which highlights the critical need to address both nutritional and medical support in refugee settings.
8
We explored the relationship between vitamin C, commonly known as ascorbic acid, and nitrate tolerance in patients using nitroglycerin for angina pectoris, a condition that causes chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. In our study, we created a cell culture model to understand how the body becomes tolerant to nitroglycerin, which is a medication that works by turning into nitric oxide to help expand blood vessels.
Our findings showed that nitroglycerin reduces the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme crucial for converting nitroglycerin into the beneficial nitric oxide. This reduction can limit how effective nitroglycerin is over time, leading to what is called "nitrate tolerance." However, when we introduced vitamin C into the model, it was able to protect xanthine oxidase from being inactivated, which helped increase nitric oxide production.
This means that vitamin C might play a vital role in preventing the body from developing tolerance to nitroglycerin, which could be beneficial for patients who rely on this medication to alleviate chest pain over the long term. Our study sheds light on why incorporating vitamin C into treatment regimens may enhance the effectiveness of nitrate therapy and support heart health.
Our findings showed that nitroglycerin reduces the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme crucial for converting nitroglycerin into the beneficial nitric oxide. This reduction can limit how effective nitroglycerin is over time, leading to what is called "nitrate tolerance." However, when we introduced vitamin C into the model, it was able to protect xanthine oxidase from being inactivated, which helped increase nitric oxide production.
This means that vitamin C might play a vital role in preventing the body from developing tolerance to nitroglycerin, which could be beneficial for patients who rely on this medication to alleviate chest pain over the long term. Our study sheds light on why incorporating vitamin C into treatment regimens may enhance the effectiveness of nitrate therapy and support heart health.
9
We examined how vitamin C might impact chest pain and overall cardiovascular health in patients suffering from coronary spastic angina (CSA). Our study included 22 patients with CSA and 20 healthy control subjects, using precise ultrasound techniques to measure how well blood vessels dilate in response to increased blood flow.
We focused on the relationship between insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as both are known to be disrupted in CSA patients. Interestingly, the results showed that vitamin C infusion led to significant improvements in blood vessel function and insulin sensitivity among CSA patients, but not in the control group.
This suggests that vitamin C may have a beneficial effect specifically for those with CSA. However, it’s important to note that our study did not directly measure improvements in chest pain severity, even though the findings indicate a deeper link between vascular health and overall symptoms connected to CSA.
In summary, while vitamin C displayed promising benefits in addressing some cardiovascular challenges, our focus was less about reducing pain and more about improving the underlying issues tied to CSA.
We focused on the relationship between insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as both are known to be disrupted in CSA patients. Interestingly, the results showed that vitamin C infusion led to significant improvements in blood vessel function and insulin sensitivity among CSA patients, but not in the control group.
This suggests that vitamin C may have a beneficial effect specifically for those with CSA. However, it’s important to note that our study did not directly measure improvements in chest pain severity, even though the findings indicate a deeper link between vascular health and overall symptoms connected to CSA.
In summary, while vitamin C displayed promising benefits in addressing some cardiovascular challenges, our focus was less about reducing pain and more about improving the underlying issues tied to CSA.
7
Vitamin C levels and angina
We examined the relationship between vitamin C levels and previously undiagnosed angina, a type of chest pain, in women aged 45 to 74 years. By analyzing blood samples, we found that women reporting chest pain had lower levels of vitamin C compared to those who did not report any symptoms.
Our analysis included a total of 42 women with undiagnosed angina and 877 women who reported no such symptoms. We noted that the average plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in the angina group, indicating a potential connection between low vitamin C levels and the presence of chest pain.
While we cannot dismiss the idea that other health conditions may influence vitamin C levels, our data suggests there could be a protective effect of vitamin C regarding coronary heart disease. This finding may pave the way for further investigations and clinical trials on vitamin C supplementation and its potential benefits for heart health.
Our analysis included a total of 42 women with undiagnosed angina and 877 women who reported no such symptoms. We noted that the average plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in the angina group, indicating a potential connection between low vitamin C levels and the presence of chest pain.
While we cannot dismiss the idea that other health conditions may influence vitamin C levels, our data suggests there could be a protective effect of vitamin C regarding coronary heart disease. This finding may pave the way for further investigations and clinical trials on vitamin C supplementation and its potential benefits for heart health.
References
- Joulal H, Yousfi J, Benjilali L, Zahlane M, Essaadouni L. Haemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion as the Presenting Symptom of Scurvy. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2023;10:004026. 10.12890/2023_004026
- Li J, Wang XZ, Wang RC, Yang J, Hao HL, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as henoch-schönlein purpura: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99:e22583. 10.1097/MD.0000000000022583
- Ververs M, Muriithi JW, Burton A, Burton JW, Lawi AO. Scurvy Outbreak Among South Sudanese Adolescents and Young Men - Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, 2017-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68:72. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6803a4
- Axton ER, Cristobal E, Choi J, Miranda CL, Stevens JF. Metabolomics-Driven Elucidation of Cellular Nitrate Tolerance Reveals Ascorbic Acid Prevents Nitroglycerin-Induced Inactivation of Xanthine Oxidase. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1085. 10.3389/fphar.2018.01085
- Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, Wang H, Zhao Y, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634. 10.1155/2018/1837634
- Wang ZJ, Hu WK, Liu YY, Shi DM, Cheng WJ, et al. The effect of intravenous vitamin C infusion on periprocedural myocardial injury for patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30:96. 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.08.018
- Basili S, Tanzilli G, Mangieri E, Raparelli V, Di Santo S, et al. Intravenous ascorbic acid infusion improves myocardial perfusion grade during elective percutaneous coronary intervention: relationship with oxidative stress markers. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:221. 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.10.025
- Tousoulis D, Xenakis C, Tentolouris C, Davies G, Antoniades C, et al. Effects of vitamin C on intracoronary L-arginine dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with stable angina. Heart. 2005;91:1319.
- Boev SS. [Changes in the blood content of some vitamins in patients with ischemic heart disease]. Lik Sprava. 2003.
- Schindler TH, Magosaki N, Jeserich M, Olschewski M, Nitzsche E, et al. Effect of ascorbic acid on endothelial dysfunction of epicardial coronary arteries in chronic smokers assessed by cold pressor testing. Cardiology. 2000;94:239.
- Hirashima O, Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Ohgushi M, et al. Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1860.
- Kugiyama K, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, Ohgushi M, Soejima H, et al. Vitamin C attenuates abnormal vasomotor reactivity in spasm coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:103.
- Ness AR, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Day NE. Vitamin c status and undiagnosed angina. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996;3:373.
