A bruise, also known as a contusion, occurs when small blood vessels under the skin break, causing blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. This typically happens as a result of impact or injury, leading to the characteristic blue or purple discoloration of the skin. As the bruise heals, it often changes color, shifting from blue to green, yellow, and eventually fading to brown before disappearing altogether. Bruises can vary in size and severity, depending on the force of the impact and the individual’s skin type and overall health.
In most cases, bruises are harmless and heal on their own within a couple of weeks. However, certain factors, such as age, medications, or underlying health conditions, can affect bruise formation and healing time. It's important to monitor bruises for unusual characteristics, such as excessive swelling, pain, or if they appear without any apparent cause, as these could indicate a more serious issue. For minor bruises, home remedies such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation can help relieve discomfort and speed up recovery.