We explored the connection between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension along with other health issues in US adults. In our study, we analyzed data from over 24,000 people, taking into account various lifestyle factors.
We found that those with higher magnesium intake had significantly lower rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia compared to those with the least intake. Notably, participants in the highest quintile of magnesium consumption were less likely to suffer from these conditions.
These results suggest that increasing magnesium-rich foods in our diets could help prevent these prevalent health concerns.
Read More
8
Magnesium effectively lowers blood pressure
Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length.
We explored how magnesium supplementation can affect systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the general population. Through careful analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, we focused on understanding the optimal dosages and treatment durations necessary to achieve significant reductions in SBP. Past findings revealed that magnesium could reduce SBP by an average of 2.79 mm Hg, and our goal was to dive deeper into these results.
Our meta-analysis showed promising outcomes. Specifically, we noticed that magnesium taken at lower doses, particularly ≤360 mg per day, led to a notable decrease in SBP of about 3.03 mm Hg, especially when the treatment duration exceeded three months. This suggests that for those looking to manage their blood pressure, longer-term use of magnesium at these dosages may be beneficial.
While we found encouraging evidence pointing to the effectiveness of magnesium in lowering SBP, we acknowledge the importance of further studies. These future investigations should focus on varied dosages and longer follow-up periods to strengthen our understanding and provide tailored recommendations for individuals seeking to utilize magnesium in their hypertension management strategies.
Read More
8
Magnesium depletion predicts mortality risk
Higher Magnesium Depletion Score Increases the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertension Participants.
We examined how the magnesium depletion score (MDS) affects mortality risks in individuals with hypertension. By analyzing data from over 12,000 participants in a national health survey, we discovered that those with higher MDS levels significantly faced increased risks of both all-cause and cardiovascular deaths.
Our findings highlighted that individuals grouped in the higher MDS category had an elevated mortality risk compared to those in the lower and middle categories, underscoring the potential of MDS as a simple tool for identifying at-risk patients.
In essence, maintaining adequate magnesium levels could play a critical role in improving health outcomes for those suffering from hypertension.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Supports overall wellbeing
18 people found this helpful
I'm not feeling as hungry and I'm sleeping well! Magnesium plays a key role in supporting good sleep and relieving stress, which is helpful for those with hypertension. It has notably improved my daily activities and reduced menstrual cramps, and I often share it with my family. Just remember, moderation is crucial to avoid overdose.
Read More
9
Promotes calmness
6 people found this helpful
I’ve found that these capsules have helped reduce my long-standing hypertension. I took one capsule daily after meals, and I feel considerably calmer. After a month of use, I've maintained this calming effect, and I feel wonderful. Very pleased – five stars!
Read More
8
Improves sleep
1 people found this helpful
I purchased this magnesium for my wife and myself. I’ve found it beneficial for my leg cramps, and my sleep has improved; I now feel more rested. I do think it helps with hypertension as well.
We conducted a retrospective study to investigate how magnesium sulfate paired with labetalol affects vascular health and pregnancy outcomes in women with preeclampsia—a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure.
Our analysis focused on clinical data from 262 women treated for preeclampsia. The patients were divided into two groups: one group received magnesium sulfate alone, while the other group was treated with both magnesium sulfate and labetalol. By measuring key indicators such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels, along with blood pressure readings, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of these treatments.
The results showed that the combination of magnesium sulfate and labetalol notably improved vascular function and pregnancy outcomes for these women. Not only did this treatment help in better controlling high blood pressure during pregnancy, but it also reduced the chances of adverse outcomes for both mothers and babies. Importantly, the study found this combined treatment to be as safe as using magnesium sulfate alone.
This reinforces the idea that magnesium can play a significant role in treating hypertension during pregnancy, especially when paired with other medications like labetalol.
Read More
9
Magnesium's effects on PAH treatment
Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: the benefic effects of magnesium sulfate, Rosuvastatin and Sildenafil.
We examined an experimental model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline in rats. Our research focused on the combined effects of Magnesium sulfate along with Rosuvastatin and Sildenafil, which were administered two weeks after the initial MCT injection.
Using measures like the Fulton Index and various cardiac dimensions, we observed improvements in right ventricular function and markers of oxidative stress. Notably, Magnesium sulfate appeared to work well with Rosuvastatin, which is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, enhancing the overall treatment effectiveness on pulmonary hypertension.
However, since Magnesium was administered in combination with these other treatments, we could not determine its isolated benefits on hypertension specifically. The study did highlight the importance of multi-pronged approaches in tackling such complex conditions, suggesting that further research might clarify Magnesium's unique contributions to managing hypertension.
Read More
9
Magnesium sulfate reduces neonatal brain injury
Magnesium sulfate and risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk cohort.
We examined a cohort of neonates born at or above 36 weeks gestation to assess the impact of antenatal magnesium sulfate on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy linked to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Our analysis revealed that these disorders significantly increase the risk of moderate to severe brain injury. Importantly, we observed that receiving magnesium sulfate reduced the odds of developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in affected infants.
However, it’s crucial to understand that while our study shows an association, it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
Read More
9
Magnesium intake linked to reduced hypertension
Associations between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
We explored the connection between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension along with other health issues in US adults. In our study, we analyzed data from over 24,000 people, taking into account various lifestyle factors.
We found that those with higher magnesium intake had significantly lower rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia compared to those with the least intake. Notably, participants in the highest quintile of magnesium consumption were less likely to suffer from these conditions.
These results suggest that increasing magnesium-rich foods in our diets could help prevent these prevalent health concerns.
Read More
8
Magnesium effectively lowers blood pressure
Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length.
We explored how magnesium supplementation can affect systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the general population. Through careful analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, we focused on understanding the optimal dosages and treatment durations necessary to achieve significant reductions in SBP. Past findings revealed that magnesium could reduce SBP by an average of 2.79 mm Hg, and our goal was to dive deeper into these results.
Our meta-analysis showed promising outcomes. Specifically, we noticed that magnesium taken at lower doses, particularly ≤360 mg per day, led to a notable decrease in SBP of about 3.03 mm Hg, especially when the treatment duration exceeded three months. This suggests that for those looking to manage their blood pressure, longer-term use of magnesium at these dosages may be beneficial.
While we found encouraging evidence pointing to the effectiveness of magnesium in lowering SBP, we acknowledge the importance of further studies. These future investigations should focus on varied dosages and longer follow-up periods to strengthen our understanding and provide tailored recommendations for individuals seeking to utilize magnesium in their hypertension management strategies.
I'm not feeling as hungry and I'm sleeping well! Magnesium plays a key role in supporting good sleep and relieving stress, which is helpful for those with hypertension. It has notably improved my daily activities and reduced menstrual cramps, and I often share it with my family. Just remember, moderation is crucial to avoid overdose.
Read More
9
Promotes calmness
6 people found this helpful
I’ve found that these capsules have helped reduce my long-standing hypertension. I took one capsule daily after meals, and I feel considerably calmer. After a month of use, I've maintained this calming effect, and I feel wonderful. Very pleased – five stars!
Read More
8
Improves sleep
1 people found this helpful
I purchased this magnesium for my wife and myself. I’ve found it beneficial for my leg cramps, and my sleep has improved; I now feel more rested. I do think it helps with hypertension as well.
Read More
7.5
Muscle relaxation
1 people found this helpful
Magnesium citrate allows for better relaxation of both skeletal muscles and the smooth muscles of blood vessels, effectively controlling hypertension. It’s a great supplement!
Read More
7.5
Hypertension treatment
1 people found this helpful
I take this every morning and evening to manage my hypertension alongside other supplements. So far, it’s working well for me.
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterized by the consistent elevation of blood pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure readings consist of two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats). A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is generally diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg, a level that increases the risk of serious health issues like heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
Since hypertension often develops silently without noticeable symptoms, regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial, especially for those at higher risk due to factors like age, family history, obesity, or sedentary lifestyle. Effective management can significantly lower health risks and often includes lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, reduced sodium intake, and, if necessary, medication prescribed by a healthcare provider. Early detection and consistent management of hypertension can lead to better health outcomes, making it important to stay informed about your blood pressure levels.
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a lightweight, silvery-white metal that is a member of the alkaline earth metals group. Often classified as one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust, magnesium plays a crucial role in various biological functions and is essential for living organisms. In nature, magnesium can be found in large quantities, primarily in minerals such as dolomite and magnesite, and it is also present in seawater.
In terms of health benefits, magnesium is vital for numerous metabolic processes, including energy production, DNA synthesis, and muscle function. It contributes to bone health, helps regulate blood pressure, and supports bone formation by promoting the effects of vitamin D. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for magnesium varies by age and gender, but it is generally important to include magnesium-rich foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains in your diet to ensure adequate intake. For those who may not receive enough magnesium through their diet alone, supplements are also available; however, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplementation.
Magnesium has been linked to a potential reduction in blood pressure, making it a mineral of interest for individuals managing hypertension. Several studies suggest that adequate magnesium intake may help relax blood vessels, leading to lower arterial pressure. This is especially relevant as magnesium plays a critical role in various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function and maintaining a steady heartbeat. While some research indicates that magnesium supplementation may contribute to modest reductions in blood pressure, it is essential to approach this option as part of a larger lifestyle strategy that includes dietary changes, regular physical activity, and monitoring of blood pressure levels.
However, it's important to note that while magnesium can be beneficial, it is not a standalone treatment for hypertension. Individuals with high blood pressure should consult healthcare professionals before starting any supplementation regimen. Moreover, the effectiveness of magnesium can vary from person to person, influenced by factors such as existing health conditions and dietary habits. To incorporate magnesium into your diet, consider foods rich in this essential mineral, like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, as a naturally beneficial approach to support overall cardiovascular health.
Based on user reviews, it seems that many individuals experience noticeable results in managing hypertension after around a month of consistent use. For example, one user reported feeling a considerable calming effect after taking a daily capsule for just a month, ultimately leading to a five-star review Read Review. Another user mentioned that their overall feeling of restfulness and reduced blood pressure symptoms improved significantly over the same timeframe Read Review.
However, others have noted a more gradual process, with one user indicating they just started using the supplement and have yet to see visible improvements Read Review. This suggests that while some people may experience benefits within a month, others could take longer to notice changes. Therefore, it's essential to monitor your own progress and consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance on managing hypertension with supplements.
Scientific research strongly supports the use of magnesium supplementation in managing hypertension. Illustratively, a meta-analysis indicated that magnesium intake could lead to an average reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by approximately 3.03 mm Hg, particularly at doses of ≤360 mg per day over periods longer than three months [3]. Additionally, a comprehensive study revealed that higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with significantly lower rates of hypertension among adults, suggesting that increasing magnesium-rich foods can play a crucial preventative role [16].
Moreover, a randomized clinical trial demonstrated that magnesium-enriched water benefited adults dealing with hypertension, indicating its potential role in improving metabolic markers and gut microbiome diversity [1]. On the other hand, while magnesium sulfate was found effective in treating conditions related to hypertension during pregnancy [2], evidence also indicated that other treatments like labetalol might be more effective in certain cases [12]. Overall, these findings position magnesium as a potentially significant supplement in the management of hypertension, although further research is needed to solidify specific recommendations regarding dosage and duration.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported improvements in symptoms related to hypertension after using magnesium citrate supplements. For instance, one user praised the calming effect experienced after taking a daily capsule, leading to a significant reduction in long-standing hypertension Read Review. Another user noted improvements in both sleep quality and leg cramps, attributing these benefits to the supplement's overall effect on hypertension as well Read Review. Additionally, some users emphasized the supplement's role in promoting relaxation within vascular muscles, aiding in blood pressure control Read Review.
However, experiences can vary widely. While several users have reported significant benefits, such as reduced symptoms and improved overall well-being Read Review, others have noted little to no visible change, particularly when starting the supplement Read Review. This variability underscores the importance of individual differences in response to supplements; therefore, it's crucial to remain patient and consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice regarding the use of magnesium in managing hypertension.
Users often report positive experiences when combining magnesium citrate with other supplements for managing hypertension. For instance, one user specifically noted that they take magnesium every morning and evening alongside other supplements, stating that it has been effective in managing their hypertension Read Review. Additionally, another user mentioned pairing magnesium with calcium, as both are essential for bone health and reportedly effective in preventing hypertension Read Review.
However, it's important to note that experiences can vary; one user shared that despite taking magnesium along with prescribed medications for their mother, they did not observe any visible improvements in her hypertension symptoms Read Review. This highlights the necessity of consulting with a healthcare provider when combining supplements to ensure the best approach to managing high blood pressure.
When it comes to managing hypertension through magnesium supplementation, research points towards a dosage of 360 mg per day as optimal for achieving significant improvements in blood pressure levels. A notable meta-analysis revealed that individuals taking magnesium at this lower dose experienced an average decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of about 3.03 mm Hg, particularly when the supplementation lasted for more than three months [3]. This suggests that consistency and longer-term use are key components of successfully utilizing magnesium for hypertension management.
Moreover, the evidence indicates that not only does magnesium play a crucial role in controlling blood pressure, but it also offers additional benefits that enhance overall metabolic health [1]. While individuals may consider different forms and sources of magnesium, focusing on achieving a daily intake around the 360 mg mark is ideal for those looking to regulate hypertension more effectively. As always, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplementation regimen, especially for individuals with existing health conditions or those on medication.
9
Promotes calmness
6 people found this helpful
I’ve found that these capsules have helped reduce my long-standing hypertension. I took one capsule daily after meals, and I feel considerably calmer. After a month of use, I've maintained this calming effect, and I feel wonderful. Very pleased – five stars!
8
Improves sleep
1 people found this helpful
I purchased this magnesium for my wife and myself. I’ve found it beneficial for my leg cramps, and my sleep has improved; I now feel more rested. I do think it helps with hypertension as well.
2
No noticeable effect
I bought this for my mother, who has hypertension. She took it alongside her medicines, but we did not notice any visible improvements.
7.5
Muscle relaxation
1 people found this helpful
Magnesium citrate allows for better relaxation of both skeletal muscles and the smooth muscles of blood vessels, effectively controlling hypertension. It’s a great supplement!
7.5
Reduced medication reliance
124 people found this helpful
Good shape. I drank it during pregnancy on my gynaecologist's advice. I noticed a calming effect, and my grandmother, who also has hypertension, has found her symptoms less severe since taking it. I'm hopeful she'll eventually be able to stop her medications altogether.
7.5
Hypertension treatment
1 people found this helpful
I take this every morning and evening to manage my hypertension alongside other supplements. So far, it’s working well for me.
7.5
Prevents hypertension issues
Magnesium, along with calcium, forms bones and is effective in preventing hypertension, heart disease, and stabilising mood. I've recently become concerned about my dental health, so I am taking it with calcium.
8
Magnesium effectively lowers blood pressure
Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length.
We explored how magnesium supplementation can affect systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the general population. Through careful analysis of placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, we focused on understanding the optimal dosages and treatment durations necessary to achieve significant reductions in SBP. Past findings revealed that magnesium could reduce SBP by an average of 2.79 mm Hg, and our goal was to dive deeper into these results.
Our meta-analysis showed promising outcomes. Specifically, we noticed that magnesium taken at lower doses, particularly ≤360 mg per day, led to a notable decrease in SBP of about 3.03 mm Hg, especially when the treatment duration exceeded three months. This suggests that for those looking to manage their blood pressure, longer-term use of magnesium at these dosages may be beneficial.
While we found encouraging evidence pointing to the effectiveness of magnesium in lowering SBP, we acknowledge the importance of further studies. These future investigations should focus on varied dosages and longer follow-up periods to strengthen our understanding and provide tailored recommendations for individuals seeking to utilize magnesium in their hypertension management strategies.
9
Magnesium intake linked to reduced hypertension
Associations between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
We explored the connection between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension along with other health issues in US adults. In our study, we analyzed data from over 24,000 people, taking into account various lifestyle factors.
We found that those with higher magnesium intake had significantly lower rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia compared to those with the least intake. Notably, participants in the highest quintile of magnesium consumption were less likely to suffer from these conditions.
These results suggest that increasing magnesium-rich foods in our diets could help prevent these prevalent health concerns.
7
Magnesium intake supports hypertension management
Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes.
We conducted a randomized clinical trial to explore the effects of magnesium from deep ocean sources on adults dealing with hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol. Patients participated by consuming either magnesium-enriched water or a placebo over a four-week period.
Throughout the trial, we focused on key health indicators, including body mass index (BMI) and levels of insulin and triglycerides, among others. Our findings indicated that, despite some participants consuming less magnesium than the recommended daily allowance, those who drank magnesium-enriched water showed meaningful improvements in various metabolic markers.
Notably, we found that this water not only supported better metabolic outcomes but also positively influenced gut microbiome diversity. The magnesium-enriched water helped maintain a balanced abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, which is crucial for overall health. This indicates that boosting our magnesium intake, through sources like deep ocean water, might play a valuable role in controlling hypertension and possibly preventing related conditions without any significant adverse effects.
9
Magnesium improves pregnancy hypertension
Effects of magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol on vascular endothelial function and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
We conducted a retrospective study to investigate how magnesium sulfate paired with labetalol affects vascular health and pregnancy outcomes in women with preeclampsia—a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure.
Our analysis focused on clinical data from 262 women treated for preeclampsia. The patients were divided into two groups: one group received magnesium sulfate alone, while the other group was treated with both magnesium sulfate and labetalol. By measuring key indicators such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels, along with blood pressure readings, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of these treatments.
The results showed that the combination of magnesium sulfate and labetalol notably improved vascular function and pregnancy outcomes for these women. Not only did this treatment help in better controlling high blood pressure during pregnancy, but it also reduced the chances of adverse outcomes for both mothers and babies. Importantly, the study found this combined treatment to be as safe as using magnesium sulfate alone.
This reinforces the idea that magnesium can play a significant role in treating hypertension during pregnancy, especially when paired with other medications like labetalol.
5
Magnesium less effective than alternatives
Comparison of outcomes following intravenous magnesium compared with intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine in 355 pregnant Han Chinese women with preeclampsia.
We investigated the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulfate in managing blood pressure among 355 pregnant women suffering from preeclampsia. While magnesium sulfate is known as a standard treatment, our study found that it didn't maintain blood pressure as effectively as labetalol or oral nifedipine.
All treatment groups saw reduced blood pressure, but labetalol proved to be more successful overall. In fact, it led to a quicker and more substantial drop in blood pressure compared to magnesium and nifedipine.
Thus, while magnesium has its uses, labetalol may be the safer choice in this context.
References
Kang H, Lee UJ, Park BY, Kim M, Yang M. Effects of deep ocean-derived magnesium-enhanced water on metabolic diseases with microbiome changes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2025;19:103203. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103203
Liu Y, Li W, Sun Y, Wang Z. Effects of magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol on vascular endothelial function and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Am J Transl Res. 2024;16:7096. doi:10.62347/COZZ1407
Behers BJ, Behers BM, Stephenson-Moe CA, Vargas IA, Meng Z, et al. Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213617
Hojda SE, Chis IC, Mîrza TV, Clichici S. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: the benefic effects of magnesium sulfate, Rosuvastatin and Sildenafil. Med Pharm Rep. 2024;97:528. doi:10.15386/mpr-2804
Gong Y, Zhou C, Wan Y, Yin H. Association of magnesium deficiency, tobacco smoke exposure and hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2007-2018. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24:647. doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05097-z
Amer SA, Abo-Elnour DE, Abbas A, Abdelrahman AS, Hamdy HM, et al. Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D supplementations as complementary therapy for hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025;25:89. doi:10.1186/s12906-025-04809-x
Dariy V, Serikov K, Kmyta O, Rybalko T, Kolesnyk O. PERSONIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY IN ISCHEMIC CEREBRAL STROKE. Georgian Med News. 2024.
Song J, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Tang J, Yang X, et al. Higher Magnesium Depletion Score Increases the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertension Participants. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025;203:1287. doi:10.1007/s12011-024-04254-w
Minor KC, Liu J, Druzin ML, El-Sayed YY, Hintz SR, et al. Magnesium sulfate and risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a high-risk cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024;231:647.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.04.001
Wang Q, Si K, Xing X, Ye X, Liu Z, et al. Association between dietary magnesium intake and muscle mass among hypertensive population: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr J. 2024;23:37. doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00940-6
Yerubandi S, Devi Kallur S, Gala A, Chandra Ravula P, Surapaneni T, et al. Eclampsia reduction with maternal early warning trigger tool. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2024;35:6. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2023.11.007
Peng Z, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Dong W. Comparison of outcomes following intravenous magnesium compared with intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine in 355 pregnant Han Chinese women with preeclampsia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102:e35334. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035334
Su HC, Lin CP, Ho WJ, Chou SH, Wu CT, et al. Factors affecting the intensity of chronic musculoskeletal pain in patients with cardiovascular disease and evaluation of the efficacy of magnesium emulsion cream for muscle cramps. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102:e35532. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035532
Vongpatanasin W, Giacona JM, Pittman D, Murillo A, Khan G, et al. Potassium Magnesium Citrate Is Superior to Potassium Chloride in Reversing Metabolic Side Effects of Chlorthalidone. Hypertension. 2023;80:2611. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21932
Behers BJ, Melchor J, Behers BM, Meng Z, Swanson PJ, et al. Vitamins and Minerals for Blood Pressure Reduction in the General, Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Six Supplements. Nutrients. 2023;15. doi:10.3390/nu15194223
Han M, Zhang Y, Fang J, Sun M, Liu Q, et al. Associations between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Hypertens Res. 2024;47:331. doi:10.1038/s41440-023-01439-z