ω3 fatty acid metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, alleviates contact hypersensitivity by downregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene expression in keratinocytes via retinoid X receptor α.
We uncovered intriguing insights into how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), play a role in managing allergic responses, particularly in the skin. Our study revealed that when mice consumed an omega-3 fatty acid-rich diet, 12-HEPE became a significant metabolite in their skin.
Interestingly, we observed that the enzymes responsible for producing 12-HEPE were more active in the skin compared to other organs. This effective metabolite appeared to reduce inflammation caused by contact hypersensitivity. Specifically, we found that applying 12-HEPE topically limited the influx of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell involved in inflammatory responses.
Taking our research a step further, we investigated the effects of 12-HEPE on human skin cells, or keratinocytes, in lab conditions. Our findings showed that 12-HEPE inhibited two specific genes that cause neutrophils to be attracted to the site of inflammation, showcasing its potential as a therapeutic agent for allergy management. Overall, we identified 12-HEPE as a potent metabolite in the skin, suggesting that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could be a beneficial strategy in controlling allergic reactions.
Read More
9
Docosahexaenoic acid's anti-inflammatory effects
Resolvin D2 regulates type 2 inflammatory responses and promotes resolution of mouse allergic inflammation.
We examined how docosahexaenoic acid, particularly its metabolite resolvin D2, influences allergic reactions and inflammation. Our focus was on type 2 inflammatory responses, often seen in allergic conditions. Through rigorous methodologies, including control groups, the study assessed how resolvin D2 can help in regulating these responses and promote the resolution of allergy-related inflammation in mice.
Our findings revealed that resolvin D2 plays a significant role in effectively managing allergic inflammation. It helps to mitigate the intense reactions typically associated with allergies, providing a clearer path toward alleviating symptoms.
This research demonstrates the potential of docosahexaenoic acid in offering therapeutic benefits for those suffering from type 2 inflammation due to allergies, and suggests that targeted treatments could improve overall allergen management.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid benefits allergies
Evaluating the Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Triple-Blind Clinical Trial.
We explored the impact of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in children suffering from atopic dermatitis, a common allergic skin condition. In a well-structured study, forty-eight children were divided into two groups: one received 250 mg of EPA twice daily, while the other was given a placebo for four weeks.
The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of EPA by examining improvements in the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and the need for topical corticosteroids. What we found was quite promising—after just two weeks, the EPA group showed significant improvement in their SCORAD scores compared to the placebo group.
Additionally, by the end of four weeks, fewer children in the EPA group required corticosteroids, indicating a potential reduction in the severity of their condition. Overall, the results suggest that EPA supplementation is both effective and well-tolerated among young patients with atopic dermatitis, offering a supportive strategy for managing this allergy-related issue.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
No allergies experienced
1 people found this helpful
I took Raw Prenatal vitamins throughout my pregnancy and experienced no nausea. I had plenty of energy and needed less sleep than before. My baby was born healthy, and I'm currently taking DHA with the vitamins. The child has no allergies and is developing well; the benefits are clear. I highly recommend this to everyone!
Read More
9
No allergies noted
This omega is great for breastfeeding and did not cause any allergies while I was nursing.
Read More
9
Pleasant taste, no allergies
An excellent omega for nursing mothers, with a pleasant taste and subtle fish smell. The DHA dosage is optimal and, importantly, did not cause allergies in my baby!
Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase alleviate ovalbumin‑induced allergic asthma in mice by reducing airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
We explored the potential of lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for alleviating allergic asthma. Using a model where mice were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma-like symptoms, we administered lipid mediators that included 17S-monohydroxy DHA, resolvin D5, and protectin DX. These treatments led to significant improvements in key aspects of asthma such as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and lower levels of Th2 cytokines.
Following treatment with the lipid mediators, we observed decreased levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IgE—important markers associated with allergic reactions. There was a notable reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissues, which suggests a protective effect on the lungs. Additionally, histological examinations revealed fewer signs of inflammation and mucus secretion.
The results indicate that DHA-derived lipid mediators may effectively mitigate the symptoms of allergic asthma and offer a promising new approach for treatment. They seem to act by reducing inflammation and improving antioxidant defenses within the lungs.
Read More
9.5
New hypoallergenic formula shows promise
Hypoallergenicity assessment of an extensively hydrolyzed whey-protein formula in cow's milk allergic infants.
We set out to assess a new extensively hydrolyzed whey-protein formula, which includes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). This study involved 34 children, primarily with IgE-mediated reactions, participating in a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Remarkably, all the children tolerated the new formula during the trial. This is significant since the American Academy of Pediatrics states that successful tolerance in over 90% of CMA children is crucial for a product to be considered hypoallergenic.
Although our focus was on the overall efficacy and safety of this formula, it's important to note that while DHA was included, we stopped short of isolating its specific impact on allergy outcomes. Thus, while we noted that this new formula is well-tolerated and associated with healthy growth and gastrointestinal tolerability, we cannot definitively state the effect of DHA alone on allergies. We recognize that further research would be needed to explore DHA's specific role in allergy management.
Read More
9
DHA and ARA enhance immune tolerance
Feeding Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid during Suckling and Weaning Contributes to Oral Tolerance Development by Beneficially Modulating the Intestinal Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels in an Allergy-Prone Brown Norway Rat Model.
We explored how adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in the diets of allergy-prone Brown Norway rats affects allergy responses. Our study involved feeding these essential fatty acids to both mother rats and their pups during the crucial suckling and weaning periods.
By comparing groups that received these supplements to those that did not, we aimed to understand how these dietary changes might influence immune development and oral tolerance—the body’s ability to accept food without triggering an allergy.
At the end of our study, we found that the ARA + DHA supplementation during early life boosted DHA levels in the intestinal fats and increased important immunological markers such as secretory IgA and specific cytokines. This suggests that DHA and ARA may help create an environment in the gut that supports healthy immune responses and reduces allergy risk.
Overall, our findings highlight the potential benefits of these fatty acids for nurturing a more tolerant immune system in the early stages of life.
Read More
9
DHA enhances allergy response mediators
Sex-dependent differential increase of specialized pro-resolving mediators in extracellular vesicles secreted by human primary conjunctival goblet cells during allergic inflammation.
We investigated how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) influences allergic responses in conjunctival goblet cells, the cells that help maintain eye surface health. By stimulating human primary conjunctival goblet cells with histamine, we measured various lipid mediators in the extracellular vesicles they secreted.
Our findings revealed that in the presence of DHA during allergic inflammation, we observed a significant increase in two specialized pro-resolving mediators, LXA4 and RvD1. This increase was especially pronounced in female cells, showing respective fold increases of 5.3 and 6.9, while male responses remained markedly lower with only 0.5 and 0.8.
These results suggest that DHA not only enhances the production of beneficial mediators but also highlights a notable difference between male and female responses to allergic reactions. This novel insight could improve our understanding of allergy treatment, especially regarding why males may experience more severe allergic conjunctivitis.
Read More
9
Docosahexaenoic acid's anti-inflammatory effects
Resolvin D2 regulates type 2 inflammatory responses and promotes resolution of mouse allergic inflammation.
We examined how docosahexaenoic acid, particularly its metabolite resolvin D2, influences allergic reactions and inflammation. Our focus was on type 2 inflammatory responses, often seen in allergic conditions. Through rigorous methodologies, including control groups, the study assessed how resolvin D2 can help in regulating these responses and promote the resolution of allergy-related inflammation in mice.
Our findings revealed that resolvin D2 plays a significant role in effectively managing allergic inflammation. It helps to mitigate the intense reactions typically associated with allergies, providing a clearer path toward alleviating symptoms.
This research demonstrates the potential of docosahexaenoic acid in offering therapeutic benefits for those suffering from type 2 inflammation due to allergies, and suggests that targeted treatments could improve overall allergen management.
I took Raw Prenatal vitamins throughout my pregnancy and experienced no nausea. I had plenty of energy and needed less sleep than before. My baby was born healthy, and I'm currently taking DHA with the vitamins. The child has no allergies and is developing well; the benefits are clear. I highly recommend this to everyone!
Read More
9
No allergies noted
This omega is great for breastfeeding and did not cause any allergies while I was nursing.
Read More
9
Pleasant taste, no allergies
An excellent omega for nursing mothers, with a pleasant taste and subtle fish smell. The DHA dosage is optimal and, importantly, did not cause allergies in my baby!
Read More
9
No allergies experienced
I took this Omega during my pregnancy and greatly appreciate this manufacturer; it did not cause any allergies.
Read More
9
Mild effect, no allergy
The product has a mild effect, and I experienced no allergies with it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Allergies are the body's immune system responses to substances known as allergens, which can be harmless in most individuals. When a person with allergies encounters these allergens, their immune system mistakenly identifies them as a threat and launches a response. This can lead to symptoms ranging from mild, such as sneezing, itching, and rashes, to severe reactions known as anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, certain foods like nuts and shellfish, insect stings, and medications.
Managing allergies often involves avoiding known allergens and using medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids to alleviate symptoms. In some cases, doctors might recommend allergy shots or immunotherapy to help patients build tolerance over time. If you suspect you have allergies, consulting with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options is crucial. Understanding your triggers and how to live with allergies can significantly improve your quality of life.
Pre and post-natal formulas are specialized dietary supplements designed to support the nutritional needs of women during pregnancy and postpartum recovery. Pre-natal formulas typically include a combination of essential vitamins and minerals, such as folic acid, iron, and calcium, to promote the health of both mother and developing baby. These nutrients are crucial for fetal development, reducing the risk of complications, and supporting the overall well-being of expectant mothers.
Post-natal formulas, on the other hand, focus on replenishing nutrients that may have been depleted during pregnancy and childbirth and enhancing recovery after delivery. They often contain additional nutrients to support breastfeeding, such as DHA and omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for infant brain development. Both types of formulas aim to ensure that mothers have the necessary nutrients for their health and their babies' development, making them an essential part of pre and post-natal care.
When taking pre or post-natal formulas specifically designed to address allergies, the timeline for seeing results can vary significantly from person to person. Generally, most users report noticing improvements in their symptoms within a few days to a couple of weeks. This timeframe can depend on various factors, including the severity of your allergies, the specific ingredients in the formula, and your body's individual response to the supplements. It’s essential to give your body time to adjust to any new regimen while remaining consistent with your intake.
However, if you don’t see any noticeable changes after a couple of weeks, it might be worth reevaluating your choice of supplement or consulting with a healthcare professional. They can help ensure that the formula you’re using is appropriate for your specific needs and potentially recommend additional or alternative treatments. Remember that while dietary supplements can play a role in managing allergies, they are most effective when used as part of a comprehensive approach that may include avoiding allergens and other lifestyle modifications.
Recent research points to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as having potential benefits for those dealing with various allergies, particularly allergic asthma. For instance, a study indicated that lipid mediators derived from DHA significantly reduced inflammatory markers associated with asthma symptoms in laboratory models, suggesting a promising approach for alleviating allergic reactions [1]. Additionally, DHA appears to enhance immune system responses that may help in reducing the risk of allergies during early life stages, particularly when combined with other fatty acids like arachidonic acid (ARA) [3].
However, while there is evidence supporting DHA's role in modulating some allergy-related responses, its effectiveness as a standalone treatment remains somewhat unclear. A study involving squid phospholipids, which include DHA, revealed improvements in allergy-like symptoms, but the specific effects of DHA alone were not well defined [2]. Another research report concluded that DHA supplementation did not cause significant reductions in childhood allergy risk when combined with other treatments [8]. Overall, while DHA may contribute positively to allergy management, further studies are warranted to establish its specific effects and clarify its role in isolation.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported notable improvements in their symptoms while using prenatal and omega supplements. For instance, one user remarked that taking Raw Prenatal vitamins throughout pregnancy led to no nausea and increased energy levels, which allowed for less sleep than usual. Additionally, their baby was born healthy, which the user credited to the vitamins, stating, "the benefits are clear" Read Review.
Moreover, when it comes to omega supplements, users commonly noted that they experienced no allergies during pregnancy and while nursing. Multiple reviews highlighted that the omega was beneficial for breastfeeding mothers, with one specifically mentioning the pleasant taste and optimal DHA dosage without causing allergies in their child Read Review. Overall, while individual results can vary, the consensus among users suggests these products may provide significant benefits during pregnancy and lactation, particularly in terms of energy levels and allergy prevention.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported positive experiences when combining omega supplements with other prenatal or nutrient-focused supplements to manage allergies. Users frequently noted that taking omega supplements, such as DHA, during pregnancy and nursing did not lead to any allergic reactions for themselves or their babies. One user specifically mentioned that combining Raw Prenatal vitamins with DHA resulted in no allergies for their child, stating, "the benefits are clear" Read Review.
Additionally, other reviewers echoed these sentiments, emphasizing that the omega they used was safe while nursing and did not cause allergies Read Review. A common theme among the reviews is a sense of relief and assurance in combining these supplements, particularly for breastfeeding mothers, who found that the products delivered health benefits without the risk of allergies for their infants Read Review. Therefore, it seems that users feel confident in the synergistic effects of these supplements in minimizing allergy risks.
Users report a positive experience with Pre Post Natal Formulas, particularly in terms of avoiding allergies. Specifically, many reviewers noted that neither they nor their children experienced any allergic reactions while using these supplements. For instance, one user highlighted that after taking Raw Prenatal vitamins throughout her pregnancy, her baby showed no signs of allergies and was developing well (Read Review). Similarly, another mother emphasized that using an omega supplement for nursing not only had a pleasing taste but also did not cause any allergies in her baby (Read Review).
9
No allergies experienced
1 people found this helpful
I took Raw Prenatal vitamins throughout my pregnancy and experienced no nausea. I had plenty of energy and needed less sleep than before. My baby was born healthy, and I'm currently taking DHA with the vitamins. The child has no allergies and is developing well; the benefits are clear. I highly recommend this to everyone!
9
Pleasant taste, no allergies
An excellent omega for nursing mothers, with a pleasant taste and subtle fish smell. The DHA dosage is optimal and, importantly, did not cause allergies in my baby!
9
No allergies noted
This omega is great for breastfeeding and did not cause any allergies while I was nursing.
9.5
Docosahexaenoic acid helps asthma
Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase alleviate ovalbumin‑induced allergic asthma in mice by reducing airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
We explored the potential of lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for alleviating allergic asthma. Using a model where mice were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma-like symptoms, we administered lipid mediators that included 17S-monohydroxy DHA, resolvin D5, and protectin DX. These treatments led to significant improvements in key aspects of asthma such as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and lower levels of Th2 cytokines.
Following treatment with the lipid mediators, we observed decreased levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IgE—important markers associated with allergic reactions. There was a notable reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissues, which suggests a protective effect on the lungs. Additionally, histological examinations revealed fewer signs of inflammation and mucus secretion.
The results indicate that DHA-derived lipid mediators may effectively mitigate the symptoms of allergic asthma and offer a promising new approach for treatment. They seem to act by reducing inflammation and improving antioxidant defenses within the lungs.
9
DHA and ARA enhance immune tolerance
Feeding Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid during Suckling and Weaning Contributes to Oral Tolerance Development by Beneficially Modulating the Intestinal Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels in an Allergy-Prone Brown Norway Rat Model.
We explored how adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in the diets of allergy-prone Brown Norway rats affects allergy responses. Our study involved feeding these essential fatty acids to both mother rats and their pups during the crucial suckling and weaning periods.
By comparing groups that received these supplements to those that did not, we aimed to understand how these dietary changes might influence immune development and oral tolerance—the body’s ability to accept food without triggering an allergy.
At the end of our study, we found that the ARA + DHA supplementation during early life boosted DHA levels in the intestinal fats and increased important immunological markers such as secretory IgA and specific cytokines. This suggests that DHA and ARA may help create an environment in the gut that supports healthy immune responses and reduces allergy risk.
Overall, our findings highlight the potential benefits of these fatty acids for nurturing a more tolerant immune system in the early stages of life.
8
DHA's ambiguous role in allergies
Ameliorative effects of squid phospholipids from Todarodes pacificus on atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice.
We explored the potential of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in treating allergies by examining a study that focused on squid phospholipids extracted from Todarodes pacificus. The researchers analyzed these phospholipids' makeup and their impact on allergic reactions in models that mimic atopic dermatitis.
Notably, squid phospholipids contain a mix of components like phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with DHA as one of their key ingredients. Although the study showed improvements in allergy-like symptoms, the results specifically regarding DHA were less clear-cut.
In fact, when the study compared DHA and another component, soybean phosphatidylcholine, they found that neither significantly impacted the allergy symptoms in the mouse models. This leaves the effectiveness of DHA in isolation somewhat ambiguous.
Therefore, while the broader findings about squid phospholipids look promising for allergy treatment, we can't rightfully claim that DHA alone led to significant benefits. The research presents an intriguing area for future exploration in allergy management.
4
Docosahexaenoic acid ineffective for allergies
Maternal fish oil and/or probiotics intervention: Allergic diseases in children up to two years old.
We explored the impacts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and probiotics on the risk of allergic diseases in children. In a well-designed double-blind trial involving 439 expectant mothers, participants were divided into four groups: one receiving fish oil, another given probiotics, a third group taking both, and a control group with placebos.
While DHA is known for its health benefits, our findings indicated that neither fish oil nor probiotics significantly reduced the odds of developing childhood allergies. The notable exception was the probiotic group, which demonstrated a decrease in recurrent wheezing in children by the age of two.
This hints that there may be some potential in probiotics for reducing asthma risk as children grow. However, it’s important to recognize that DHA alone did not show a clear benefit in preventing allergies in infants, and further studies may clarify these outcomes.
References
Su Y, Choi HS, Kwon SK, Han Y, Cho SC, et al. Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase alleviate ovalbumin‑induced allergic asthma in mice by reducing airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep. 2025;31. 10.3892/mmr.2025.13451
Sato A, Sato G, Yabuki A, Ogawa Y, Nemoto H, et al. Ameliorative effects of squid phospholipids from Todarodes pacificus on atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317:239. 10.1007/s00403-024-03773-9
Wang R, Patel D, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Feeding Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid during Suckling and Weaning Contributes to Oral Tolerance Development by Beneficially Modulating the Intestinal Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels in an Allergy-Prone Brown Norway Rat Model. J Nutr. 2024;154:3790. 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.021
Lee C, Dartt DA. Sex-dependent differential increase of specialized pro-resolving mediators in extracellular vesicles secreted by human primary conjunctival goblet cells during allergic inflammation. Life Sci. 2024;357:123058. 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123058
Huang XW, Pang SW, Yang LZ, Han T, Chen JM, et al. TNFSF14 mediates the impact of docosahexaenoic acid on atopic dermatitis: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024;28:107. 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34896
Peh HY, Brüggemann TR, Duvall MG, Nshimiyimana R, Nijmeh J, et al. Resolvin D2 regulates type 2 inflammatory responses and promotes resolution of mouse allergic inflammation. Allergy. 2024;79:739. 10.1111/all.15920
Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Tsai S, Richard C, et al. Correction: Maternal diet supplementation with high-docosahexaenoic-acid canola oil, along with arachidonic acid, promotes immune system development in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse ofspring at 3 weeks of age. Eur J Nutr. 2024;63:341. 10.1007/s00394-023-03264-z
Komulainen M, Saros L, Vahlberg T, Nermes M, Jartti T, et al. Maternal fish oil and/or probiotics intervention: Allergic diseases in children up to two years old. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023;34:e14004. 10.1111/pai.14004
Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. The Programming Effect of Plant-Based DHA, Along with Equivalent AA, on Immune System and Oral Tolerance Development in Six-Week Allergy Prone BALB/c Pups. J Nutr. 2023;153:2482. 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.002
Figueroa-Garduño I, Escamilla-Núñez C, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Onofre-Pardo EN, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid Effect on Prenatal Exposure to Arsenic and Atopic Dermatitis in Mexican Preschoolers. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023;201:3152. 10.1007/s12011-022-03411-3
Dahdah L, Roelofs M, Knipping K, de Vries E, Rijnierse A, et al. Hypoallergenicity assessment of an extensively hydrolyzed whey-protein formula in cow's milk allergic infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33:e13814. 10.1111/pai.13814
Patel D, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Combined Supplementation with Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in T Helper Type-2 Skewed Brown Norway Rat Offspring is Beneficial in the Induction of Oral Tolerance toward Ovalbumin and Immune System Development. J Nutr. 2022;152:2165. 10.1093/jn/nxac118
Li SY, Zheng PY, Zhai YY, Zhang YD, Gan H, et al. [Analysis of the effect of early subcutaneous specific immunotherapy on the levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024;58:778. 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240124-00083
Mirrahimi B, Moazemi M, Eslami N, Jamshidi E, Mir M, et al. Evaluating the Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Triple-Blind Clinical Trial. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2023;28:29. 10.5863/1551-6776-28.1.29
Imai T, Takada Y, Watanabe K. Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake on Eosinophil Airway Inflammation in University Athletes. J Clin Med Res. 2022;14:466. 10.14740/jocmr4825
Decsi T, Marosvölgyi T, Muszil E, Bódy B, Szabó É. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status at Birth and Development of Childhood Allergy: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel). 2022;12. 10.3390/life12040526
Saika A, Nagatake T, Hirata SI, Sawane K, Adachi J, et al. ω3 fatty acid metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, alleviates contact hypersensitivity by downregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene expression in keratinocytes via retinoid X receptor α. FASEB J. 2021;35:e21354. 10.1096/fj.202001687R
Kanda N, Hoashi T, Saeki H. Nutrition and Atopic Dermatitis. J Nippon Med Sch. 2021;88:171. 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2021_88-317
Miles EA, Childs CE, Calder PC. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) and the Developing Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021;13. 10.3390/nu13010247
Barman M, Rabe H, Hesselmar B, Johansen S, Sandberg AS, et al. Cord Blood Levels of EPA, a Marker of Fish Intake, Correlate with Infants' T- and B-Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Risk for Allergic Disease. Nutrients. 2020;12. 10.3390/nu12103000
Hoppenbrouwers T, Fogliano V, Garssen J, Pellegrini N, Willemsen LEM, et al. Specific Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Modulate Human moDC2s and Subsequent Th2 Cytokine Release. Front Immunol. 2020;11:748. 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00748
Saika A, Nagatake T, Kishino S, Park SB, Honda T, et al. 17(),18()-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid generated by cytochrome P450 BM-3 from inhibits the development of contact hypersensitivity via G-protein-coupled receptor 40-mediated neutrophil suppression. FASEB Bioadv. 2020;2:59. 10.1096/fba.2019-00061