Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 6 Reviews
8.2
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Softgel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D (as D3 Cholecalciferol)
125 mcg (5,000 IU)
625%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Vitamin D supports depression management
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore how cholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D, influences depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical study lasted for 12 weeks and involved participants who were either given a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Read More
8
We examined the connection between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and depression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our research, which utilized a large database from the TriNetX network, involved over 17,900 matched CKD patients aged 50 and older. They were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels: those with deficiency (20 ng/mL or lower) and those with adequate levels (30 ng/mL or higher).
The findings were striking. We discovered that those with VDD had nearly double the risk of developing depression within a year compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. This risk was especially pronounced in men and remained consistent across different stages of CKD. Even patients who had borderline low vitamin D levels faced an increased chance of depression.
Our study suggests that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for mental health in CKD patients. However, we also recognize the need for further randomized trials to definitively establish whether vitamin D supplementation can help prevent depression in these individuals. The implications of our findings could pave the way for new approaches to managing mental health in patients dealing with CKD.
The findings were striking. We discovered that those with VDD had nearly double the risk of developing depression within a year compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. This risk was especially pronounced in men and remained consistent across different stages of CKD. Even patients who had borderline low vitamin D levels faced an increased chance of depression.
Our study suggests that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for mental health in CKD patients. However, we also recognize the need for further randomized trials to definitively establish whether vitamin D supplementation can help prevent depression in these individuals. The implications of our findings could pave the way for new approaches to managing mental health in patients dealing with CKD.
Read More
8
We conducted a thorough search of existing studies to understand how vitamin D levels might influence depression during pregnancy and after childbirth. Our findings suggest a notable connection: women with lower vitamin D levels were found to be at a higher risk of experiencing depression.
In our analysis of 13 studies, we observed that pregnant women facing prenatal depression had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to those without depression. The statistics showed a clear difference, with a standardized mean difference of -0.41, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency could be an important factor in maternal mental health.
When we examined postpartum depression, the results were striking. Our analysis revealed a substantial association, with depressed women exhibiting much lower vitamin D levels—showing a standardized mean difference of -1.62. This points to the importance of monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels not just during pregnancy, but also after childbirth.
Ultimately, our review highlights the potential role of vitamin D in supporting mental health for mothers. Ensuring adequate levels of this vitamin could be a key element in promoting emotional well-being during such crucial periods of life.
In our analysis of 13 studies, we observed that pregnant women facing prenatal depression had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to those without depression. The statistics showed a clear difference, with a standardized mean difference of -0.41, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency could be an important factor in maternal mental health.
When we examined postpartum depression, the results were striking. Our analysis revealed a substantial association, with depressed women exhibiting much lower vitamin D levels—showing a standardized mean difference of -1.62. This points to the importance of monitoring and addressing vitamin D levels not just during pregnancy, but also after childbirth.
Ultimately, our review highlights the potential role of vitamin D in supporting mental health for mothers. Ensuring adequate levels of this vitamin could be a key element in promoting emotional well-being during such crucial periods of life.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Energy boost
1 people found this helpful
This supplement invigorates and significantly improves my mood! I experience heightened energy, a stable mood, and no autumn depression. It's more effective than D3 tablets for me!
Read More
9
Seasonal relief
Jarrow’s Vitamin D3 is essential, particularly during colder months or for those with darker skin. It effectively combats seasonal depression and offers great quality.
Read More
7.5
Mood improvement
6 people found this helpful
A must in every home! I appreciate this manufacturer’s product; I notice an improvement in my mood, with sadness fading and cheerfulness taking over. Maintaining good levels of vitamin D throughout life is crucial, especially in Russia, where there is widespread deficiency impacting immunity and contributing to depression. This vitamin is also necessary for thyroid function.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 16 Researches
7
- All Researches
9
Vitamin D and Magnesium Aid Depression
We conducted a study to evaluate whether supplementing with magnesium and vitamin D could help alleviate mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from long-COVID. The clinical trial included 60 participants, aged 52.8 years on average, who had been diagnosed with hypomagnesemia, vitamin D deficiency, and mild-to-moderate depression.
Participants were divided into two groups: one received magnesium chloride along with vitamin D, while the other group only received vitamin D. Over four months, we monitored the effectiveness of these supplements in reducing depressive symptoms, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale to measure changes.
Our results revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for those taking both magnesium and vitamin D, with 73.2% of them reaching a positive outcome score on the BDI. In contrast, the control group, which received only vitamin D, showed a less dramatic improvement, suggesting that the combined treatment may offer more benefits for those struggling with depression related to long-COVID.
While both groups experienced some improvement, our findings indicate that magnesium plus vitamin D supplementation presents a promising option for individuals coping with depression in the wake of COVID-19.
Participants were divided into two groups: one received magnesium chloride along with vitamin D, while the other group only received vitamin D. Over four months, we monitored the effectiveness of these supplements in reducing depressive symptoms, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale to measure changes.
Our results revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for those taking both magnesium and vitamin D, with 73.2% of them reaching a positive outcome score on the BDI. In contrast, the control group, which received only vitamin D, showed a less dramatic improvement, suggesting that the combined treatment may offer more benefits for those struggling with depression related to long-COVID.
While both groups experienced some improvement, our findings indicate that magnesium plus vitamin D supplementation presents a promising option for individuals coping with depression in the wake of COVID-19.
Read More
9
Vitamin D supports depression management
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore how cholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D, influences depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical study lasted for 12 weeks and involved participants who were either given a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Read More
8
Fortified yogurt benefits depression treatment
We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to explore how a specially fortified yogurt affects depression and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study involved two groups of participants: one group consumed yogurt enriched with probiotics, vitamin E, and vitamin D, while the other group received a placebo.
After eight weeks of monitoring, we observed a significant improvement in depression levels among those who enjoyed the fortified yogurt compared to the placebo group. This suggests that the combined intake of probiotics, along with vitamins, may help alleviate depressive symptoms in women suffering from PCOS. However, when it comes to sleep quality, the results didn’t show any noticeable improvement, indicating that while certain nutritional interventions can positively affect mood, they may not necessarily enhance sleep.
Overall, our findings point to the potential benefits of nutritional approaches in managing depression, particularly for individuals who may prefer alternatives to traditional antidepressant medications. However, we should remain cautious, as further research is needed to fully understand the individual effects of each component, especially vitamin D, on mental health.
After eight weeks of monitoring, we observed a significant improvement in depression levels among those who enjoyed the fortified yogurt compared to the placebo group. This suggests that the combined intake of probiotics, along with vitamins, may help alleviate depressive symptoms in women suffering from PCOS. However, when it comes to sleep quality, the results didn’t show any noticeable improvement, indicating that while certain nutritional interventions can positively affect mood, they may not necessarily enhance sleep.
Overall, our findings point to the potential benefits of nutritional approaches in managing depression, particularly for individuals who may prefer alternatives to traditional antidepressant medications. However, we should remain cautious, as further research is needed to fully understand the individual effects of each component, especially vitamin D, on mental health.
Read More
8
We explored the connection between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, physical activity, and the risk of developing depression in older adults. Using data from a large, longitudinal study called the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we focused on cognitively healthy individuals aged 50 and older.
Our findings showed that higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. When we combined high levels of vitamin D with regular physical activity, the protective effect against depression was even greater, especially in those aged 65 and older.
Specifically, we noted that individuals with high levels of vitamin D and who engaged in physical activity had a 23.1% lower chance of developing depression. This combination not only highlights the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels but also emphasizes incorporating physical activity into our daily routines as essential for mental health.
Ultimately, our results underscore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity as strategies for preventing depression, particularly in older adults.
Our findings showed that higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. When we combined high levels of vitamin D with regular physical activity, the protective effect against depression was even greater, especially in those aged 65 and older.
Specifically, we noted that individuals with high levels of vitamin D and who engaged in physical activity had a 23.1% lower chance of developing depression. This combination not only highlights the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels but also emphasizes incorporating physical activity into our daily routines as essential for mental health.
Ultimately, our results underscore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity as strategies for preventing depression, particularly in older adults.
Read More
8
We aimed to understand how vitamin D intake impacts depression risk for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). By analyzing data from 3,123 CKD participants, we explored not only the effects of vitamin D alone but also how the combined intake of multiple vitamins—A, B, C, D, E, and K—might affect mental health.
Our findings indicated that higher intakes of vitamins A, B, D, and K correlated with a lower likelihood of depression. In fact, individuals who consumed more of these vitamins had significantly reduced symptoms, suggesting a protective effect against depressive states. We also found that the joint consumption of these nine vitamins plays a critical role in reducing depression, with vitamin A being the top contributor to this positive effect.
Overall, the study shows promise for vitamin D, alongside other vitamins, as potential dietary interventions for alleviating depression in CKD patients. This highlights the importance of good nutrition in supporting mental health, particularly for vulnerable populations.
Our findings indicated that higher intakes of vitamins A, B, D, and K correlated with a lower likelihood of depression. In fact, individuals who consumed more of these vitamins had significantly reduced symptoms, suggesting a protective effect against depressive states. We also found that the joint consumption of these nine vitamins plays a critical role in reducing depression, with vitamin A being the top contributor to this positive effect.
Overall, the study shows promise for vitamin D, alongside other vitamins, as potential dietary interventions for alleviating depression in CKD patients. This highlights the importance of good nutrition in supporting mental health, particularly for vulnerable populations.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 6 Reviews
8.2
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Energy boost
1 people found this helpful
This supplement invigorates and significantly improves my mood! I experience heightened energy, a stable mood, and no autumn depression. It's more effective than D3 tablets for me!
Read More
9
Seasonal relief
Jarrow’s Vitamin D3 is essential, particularly during colder months or for those with darker skin. It effectively combats seasonal depression and offers great quality.
Read More
7.5
Mood improvement
6 people found this helpful
A must in every home! I appreciate this manufacturer’s product; I notice an improvement in my mood, with sadness fading and cheerfulness taking over. Maintaining good levels of vitamin D throughout life is crucial, especially in Russia, where there is widespread deficiency impacting immunity and contributing to depression. This vitamin is also necessary for thyroid function.
Read More
7.5
Immune system
Vitamin D3 is irreplaceable; its deficiency can lead to numerous health issues, including depression. It aids hormone synthesis, thyroid function, and immune support. Many struggle to absorb it, leading to widespread deficiency.
Read More
7.5
Value for money
A great product at a good price. The capsule size is optimal for easy swallowing. Vitamin D3 deficiency, noted in 75% of tests, can lead to serious issues, including depression, immune dysfunction, and insomnia.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Energy boost
1 people found this helpful
This supplement invigorates and significantly improves my mood! I experience heightened energy, a stable mood, and no autumn depression. It's more effective than D3 tablets for me!
9
Seasonal relief
Jarrow’s Vitamin D3 is essential, particularly during colder months or for those with darker skin. It effectively combats seasonal depression and offers great quality.
6
Psyche support
Vitamin D is the "sunshine vitamin". I live in a region with limited sun in autumn and winter. Since vitamin D is poorly absorbed from food, supplements are my choice. It helps me endure winter without slipping into depression or despair, acting as support for my psyche.
7.5
Mood improvement
6 people found this helpful
A must in every home! I appreciate this manufacturer’s product; I notice an improvement in my mood, with sadness fading and cheerfulness taking over. Maintaining good levels of vitamin D throughout life is crucial, especially in Russia, where there is widespread deficiency impacting immunity and contributing to depression. This vitamin is also necessary for thyroid function.
7.5
Immune system
Vitamin D3 is irreplaceable; its deficiency can lead to numerous health issues, including depression. It aids hormone synthesis, thyroid function, and immune support. Many struggle to absorb it, leading to widespread deficiency.
8
We explored the connection between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, physical activity, and the risk of developing depression in older adults. Using data from a large, longitudinal study called the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we focused on cognitively healthy individuals aged 50 and older.
Our findings showed that higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. When we combined high levels of vitamin D with regular physical activity, the protective effect against depression was even greater, especially in those aged 65 and older.
Specifically, we noted that individuals with high levels of vitamin D and who engaged in physical activity had a 23.1% lower chance of developing depression. This combination not only highlights the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels but also emphasizes incorporating physical activity into our daily routines as essential for mental health.
Ultimately, our results underscore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity as strategies for preventing depression, particularly in older adults.
Our findings showed that higher levels of 25(OH)D were associated with a significantly lower risk of depression. When we combined high levels of vitamin D with regular physical activity, the protective effect against depression was even greater, especially in those aged 65 and older.
Specifically, we noted that individuals with high levels of vitamin D and who engaged in physical activity had a 23.1% lower chance of developing depression. This combination not only highlights the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels but also emphasizes incorporating physical activity into our daily routines as essential for mental health.
Ultimately, our results underscore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity as strategies for preventing depression, particularly in older adults.
7
We explored how vitamin D might influence depression by examining its role in serotonin synthesis. A significant aspect of our investigation centered on how this nutrient could potentially reduce the severity of depression and, in some cases, lessen the reliance on antidepressants, specifically SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).
Several studies revealed that vitamin D, particularly its active form known as calcitriol, plays a crucial role in many bodily processes, including brain function. We learned that a deficiency in vitamin D can be linked to mood disorders and cognitive difficulties. It appears that sufficient levels of vitamin D might help increase serotonin in the brain, which is often a primary target of depression treatments.
In some research, combining vitamin D supplementation with SSRIs showed promising additive effects on managing psychiatric conditions. This suggests that while vitamin D alone might not replace traditional treatments, it could offer significant benefits in collaboration with them. However, we must remain cautious as the exact impact of vitamin D and its independent effect on serotonin levels is still an area that requires further exploration.
Several studies revealed that vitamin D, particularly its active form known as calcitriol, plays a crucial role in many bodily processes, including brain function. We learned that a deficiency in vitamin D can be linked to mood disorders and cognitive difficulties. It appears that sufficient levels of vitamin D might help increase serotonin in the brain, which is often a primary target of depression treatments.
In some research, combining vitamin D supplementation with SSRIs showed promising additive effects on managing psychiatric conditions. This suggests that while vitamin D alone might not replace traditional treatments, it could offer significant benefits in collaboration with them. However, we must remain cautious as the exact impact of vitamin D and its independent effect on serotonin levels is still an area that requires further exploration.
8
We examined the connection between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and depression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our research, which utilized a large database from the TriNetX network, involved over 17,900 matched CKD patients aged 50 and older. They were divided into two groups based on their vitamin D levels: those with deficiency (20 ng/mL or lower) and those with adequate levels (30 ng/mL or higher).
The findings were striking. We discovered that those with VDD had nearly double the risk of developing depression within a year compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. This risk was especially pronounced in men and remained consistent across different stages of CKD. Even patients who had borderline low vitamin D levels faced an increased chance of depression.
Our study suggests that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for mental health in CKD patients. However, we also recognize the need for further randomized trials to definitively establish whether vitamin D supplementation can help prevent depression in these individuals. The implications of our findings could pave the way for new approaches to managing mental health in patients dealing with CKD.
The findings were striking. We discovered that those with VDD had nearly double the risk of developing depression within a year compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. This risk was especially pronounced in men and remained consistent across different stages of CKD. Even patients who had borderline low vitamin D levels faced an increased chance of depression.
Our study suggests that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels might be crucial for mental health in CKD patients. However, we also recognize the need for further randomized trials to definitively establish whether vitamin D supplementation can help prevent depression in these individuals. The implications of our findings could pave the way for new approaches to managing mental health in patients dealing with CKD.
9
Vitamin D supports depression management
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore how cholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D, influences depressive symptoms in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This clinical study lasted for 12 weeks and involved participants who were either given a daily dose of 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
Throughout the study, we measured various factors, including the participants’ depression levels using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, as well as important biological markers like C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3.
Our findings showed a significant reduction in depression scores among those taking cholecalciferol compared to the placebo group. Additionally, we observed a notable increase in C-peptide levels, which may indicate some metabolic benefits, although no significant changes were found in serotonin and neurotrophin-3 levels.
Ultimately, while cholecalciferol appears to alleviate mild to moderate depressive symptoms in T2DM patients through improved C-peptide levels, its impact on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 remains unclear. This highlights vitamin D as a potentially helpful option for managing depression alongside diabetes.
8
We explored how vitamin D supplementation might affect depressive symptoms and whether it has a dose-dependent relationship with these symptoms. By analyzing data from 31 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 24,200 participants, we aimed to clarify the potential benefits of vitamin D on depression. Our research revealed that, generally, increasing vitamin D intake appeared to lead to a slight reduction in depressive symptoms across different groups of individuals, whether they had a prior diagnosis of depression or not.
The effect was particularly significant for those already experiencing depressive symptoms, showing a marked improvement with higher dosages. Interestingly, we noted that the most substantial improvements occurred at a dosage of 8000 IU/day. Moreover, we found that shorter intervention periods of eight weeks or less, or those lasting between eight to 24 weeks, were associated with stronger positive effects than longer trials.
On the other hand, when it came to anxiety symptoms, vitamin D supplementation did not show a significant benefit. This suggests that while vitamin D might be a helpful tool for managing depression in the short term, we still need more high-quality trials to fully understand its impact on anxiety and to make a stronger case for its use in treating these symptoms.
The effect was particularly significant for those already experiencing depressive symptoms, showing a marked improvement with higher dosages. Interestingly, we noted that the most substantial improvements occurred at a dosage of 8000 IU/day. Moreover, we found that shorter intervention periods of eight weeks or less, or those lasting between eight to 24 weeks, were associated with stronger positive effects than longer trials.
On the other hand, when it came to anxiety symptoms, vitamin D supplementation did not show a significant benefit. This suggests that while vitamin D might be a helpful tool for managing depression in the short term, we still need more high-quality trials to fully understand its impact on anxiety and to make a stronger case for its use in treating these symptoms.
References
- Askarpour M, Hejazi N, Jahromi BN, Eskandari MH, Famouri M, et al. Effects of a Novel Fortified Dairy Product on the Psychological Status and Sleep Quality of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2025;30:37. doi:10.3746/pnf.2025.30.1.37
- Xu X, Jing F, Zhong H, Lin L, Gao T, et al. Synergistic impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical activity on incident depression: Evidence from prospective cohorts and genome-wide data. J Affect Disord. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.004
- Bostan ZZ, Şare Bulut M, Gezmen Karadağ M. Can Vıtamın D Reduce the Need for SSRI by Modulatıng Serotonın Synthesıs?: A Revıew of Recent Lıterature. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025;14:39. doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00630-7
- Yu C, Liu K, Yao W, Tang D. Associations between the intake of single and multiple dietary vitamins and depression risk among populations with chronic kidney disease. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1492829. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1492829
- Chen IW, Wang WT, Lai YC, Chang YJ, Lin YT, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and major depression in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1540633. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1540633
- Raza ML, Hassan ST, Jamil S, Fatima W, Fatima M. Nutritional interventions in depression: The role of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids in neuropsychiatric health. Clin Nutr. 2025;45:270. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.009
- Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Barragán-Zuñiga J, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Weyman-Vela Y, et al. Combined oral supplementation with magnesium plus vitamin D alleviates mild to moderate depressive symptoms related to long-COVID: an open-label randomized, controlled clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:49. doi:10.1684/mrh.2024.0535
- Yuan Y, Qu L, Sun Q, He P, Zhou X. The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Alpha Psychiatry. 2024;25:669. doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241553
- Jiang R, Lu M, Hua Y, Hong Z. Association between serum vitamin D and depression among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2025;34:112. doi:10.6133/apjcn.202502_34(1).0011
- Putranto R, Setiati S, Nasrun MW, Witjaksono F, Immanuel S, et al. Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Narra J. 2024;4:e1342. doi:10.52225/narra.v4i3.1342
- Ghaemi S, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2024;54:1. doi:10.1017/S0033291724001697
- Carnegie RE, Zheng J, Borges MC, Jones HJ, Wade KH, et al. Micronutrients and Major Depression: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213690
- Centeno LOL, Fernandez MDS, Muniz FWMG, Longoni A, de Assis AM. Is Serum Vitamin D Associated with Depression or Anxiety in Ante- and Postnatal Adult Women? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213648
- Karnopp TE, Chapacais GF, Gasparini ML, Dos Santos NG, Freitas VDS, et al. The role of vitamin D: a promising pathway to combat neuropsychiatric lupus disorders. Clin Exp Immunol. 2025;219. doi:10.1093/cei/uxae099
- Santos HGD, Longoni A, Trettim JP, Lemes IT, Menchaca JC, et al. Deficiency of vitamin D is associated with antenatal depression: A cross-sectional study. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2024. doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2024-0908
- Wu J, Jiang Y, Liang J, Zhou Y, Chai S, et al. Bidirectional causality between micronutrients and mental illness: Mendelian randomization studies. J Affect Disord. 2025;369:718. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.047
