We looked into the growing concern of iodine deficiency hypothyroidism among children in the United States. This condition, which can lead to cognitive and physical impairments, was thought to be largely eliminated thanks to universal salt iodization started in the 1920s. However, recent trends suggest that iodine deficiency could be reappearing due to increased use of noniodized salts, lower iodine levels in dairy, and dietary restrictions like veganism or food allergies.
Over an 18-month period, we documented a series of cases where three children were diagnosed with iodine deficiency hypothyroidism despite having no underlying thyroid dysfunction. Their clinical presentations varied significantly—some had large goiters while others showed mild or no goiter at all. The results of their biochemical tests also highlighted a range of thyroid-stimulating hormone elevations.
Importantly, all patients returned to normal thyroid function following iodine supplementation. We propose that measuring spot urine iodine levels alongside elevated serum thyroglobulin could serve as a simpler and effective diagnostic approach, moving away from the more complex 24-hour urinary iodine tests. Our findings shine a light on the necessity of addressing iodine deficiency in today’s dietary landscape.
Read More
9.5
Iodine treatment for hypothyroidism
Long lasting effect of intramuscular iodine injection in the treatment of goiter in an intestinal failure patient with complete entero-colectomy.
We explored the impact of iodine treatment on hypothyroidism, particularly focusing on a unique case involving a patient who had undergone total entero-colectomy. In this situation, standard methods of administering iodine, such as oral supplements, proved ineffective due to absorption challenges. Our approach utilized ethiodized oil, an iodine-rich contrast agent, which we injected intramuscularly.
We observed that this method not only addressed the patient's goiter but also sustained normal thyroid function for more than five years. The long half-life of ethiodized oil made it an ideal option for patients reliant on parenteral nutrition, who often struggle with iodine deficiency.
This study highlights a promising alternative for individuals facing similar nutritional challenges due to severe digestive issues. Overall, our findings suggest that tailored iodine administration could offer a viable solution for hypothyroidism linked to dietary deficiencies.
Read More
9
Kelp effective for iodine deficiency
Acquired hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency in an American child.
We examined a unique case of a 9-year-old boy who developed severe hypothyroidism from iodine deficiency, likely caused by a restrictive diet. In a quick intervention, we administered a kelp supplement, which effectively corrected both his hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency.
This case highlights the potential benefits of using kelp as a natural iodine source, particularly in situations where dietary restrictions may lead to deficiencies. However, this is a singular report, so broader studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Immediate energy boost
221 people found this helpful
Very effective iodine. After just three days on one capsule, my hair stopped falling out, and I instantly felt more energetic with fewer headaches. I've reordered, as this iodine is far superior to Iodomarin. I’ve also started my mother on it for her subclinical hypothyroidism. It's effective, but the dose is high; for prophylactic use, one capsule weekly may suffice. Organic iodine gets absorbed precisely, preventing overdose.
Read More
9
Cysts reduced
47 people found this helpful
An excellent iodine preparation! For over 10 years, I have lived with hypothyroidism and thyroid cysts. Following my endocrinologist's advice, I began taking iodine in a small dosage, but results only came after finding this product. At a great price and with wonderful results—I take 1-2 capsules daily, excluding summer, and the results are remarkable: stronger nails, less hair loss, reduced swelling, and significant reduction in cysts. I highly recommend it, but consult with a specialist first.
Read More
7.5
Mood improved significantly
32 people found this helpful
Iodine preparation is essential for treating hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules! Life Extension's iodine source is excellent at a large dose of 1000 mcg. Studies recommend 800-1000 mcg to maintain optimal immunity. Prior to starting iodine, ensure you prepare your thyroid with selenium for a month to enhance absorption. Thanks to this supplement, I no longer feel pulling sensations in my thyroid while eating, and my mood has improved significantly.
We looked into the growing concern of iodine deficiency hypothyroidism among children in the United States. This condition, which can lead to cognitive and physical impairments, was thought to be largely eliminated thanks to universal salt iodization started in the 1920s. However, recent trends suggest that iodine deficiency could be reappearing due to increased use of noniodized salts, lower iodine levels in dairy, and dietary restrictions like veganism or food allergies.
Over an 18-month period, we documented a series of cases where three children were diagnosed with iodine deficiency hypothyroidism despite having no underlying thyroid dysfunction. Their clinical presentations varied significantly—some had large goiters while others showed mild or no goiter at all. The results of their biochemical tests also highlighted a range of thyroid-stimulating hormone elevations.
Importantly, all patients returned to normal thyroid function following iodine supplementation. We propose that measuring spot urine iodine levels alongside elevated serum thyroglobulin could serve as a simpler and effective diagnostic approach, moving away from the more complex 24-hour urinary iodine tests. Our findings shine a light on the necessity of addressing iodine deficiency in today’s dietary landscape.
Read More
9.5
Iodine treatment for hypothyroidism
Long lasting effect of intramuscular iodine injection in the treatment of goiter in an intestinal failure patient with complete entero-colectomy.
We explored the impact of iodine treatment on hypothyroidism, particularly focusing on a unique case involving a patient who had undergone total entero-colectomy. In this situation, standard methods of administering iodine, such as oral supplements, proved ineffective due to absorption challenges. Our approach utilized ethiodized oil, an iodine-rich contrast agent, which we injected intramuscularly.
We observed that this method not only addressed the patient's goiter but also sustained normal thyroid function for more than five years. The long half-life of ethiodized oil made it an ideal option for patients reliant on parenteral nutrition, who often struggle with iodine deficiency.
This study highlights a promising alternative for individuals facing similar nutritional challenges due to severe digestive issues. Overall, our findings suggest that tailored iodine administration could offer a viable solution for hypothyroidism linked to dietary deficiencies.
Read More
9
Kelp effective for iodine deficiency
Acquired hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency in an American child.
We examined a unique case of a 9-year-old boy who developed severe hypothyroidism from iodine deficiency, likely caused by a restrictive diet. In a quick intervention, we administered a kelp supplement, which effectively corrected both his hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency.
This case highlights the potential benefits of using kelp as a natural iodine source, particularly in situations where dietary restrictions may lead to deficiencies. However, this is a singular report, so broader studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Read More
9
Kelp effectively treats iodine deficiency
Treatment of Hypothyroidism due to Iodine Deficiency Using Daily Powdered Kelp in Patients Receiving Long-term Total Enteral Nutrition.
We explored the impact of daily powdered kelp on thyroid function in seven patients suffering from hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency. After three years of total enteral nutrition with very low iodine intake, these patients showed significant thyroid issues and very low urinary iodine concentrations.
Administering 1-2 grams of powdered kelp daily led to restored thyroid function and normalized iodine levels in their urine, indicating that kelp can be a safe and effective treatment in this context.
Read More
9
Radioactive iodine effective for adolescents
A Belgian single centre outcome study of radioiodine treatment in adolescents with Graves' disease.
We assessed how effective radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is for inducing hypothyroidism in adolescents with Graves' disease (GD). This treatment is often considered when initial therapies, like antithyroid drugs, do not yield lasting results.
In our examination, we reviewed the medical records of teenagers under 18 years old who received RAI treatment from January 2007 to December 2022. We identified 14 cases and noted their ages ranged from 9.8 to 17.3 years, with I131 doses varying between 5.8 and 15.0 mCi.
Remarkably, almost all patients responded positively within six months after treatment, with a cure rate of 86%. Most experienced hypothyroidism within three months, reinforcing the necessity of monitoring thyroid function early on. We did observe one case of temporary salivary gland inflammation.
Throughout the follow-up period of up to 13 years, there were no relapses, which speaks to the effectiveness and safety of RAI as an option for these young patients with GD.
Very effective iodine. After just three days on one capsule, my hair stopped falling out, and I instantly felt more energetic with fewer headaches. I've reordered, as this iodine is far superior to Iodomarin. I’ve also started my mother on it for her subclinical hypothyroidism. It's effective, but the dose is high; for prophylactic use, one capsule weekly may suffice. Organic iodine gets absorbed precisely, preventing overdose.
Read More
9
Cysts reduced
47 people found this helpful
An excellent iodine preparation! For over 10 years, I have lived with hypothyroidism and thyroid cysts. Following my endocrinologist's advice, I began taking iodine in a small dosage, but results only came after finding this product. At a great price and with wonderful results—I take 1-2 capsules daily, excluding summer, and the results are remarkable: stronger nails, less hair loss, reduced swelling, and significant reduction in cysts. I highly recommend it, but consult with a specialist first.
Read More
7.5
Mood improved significantly
32 people found this helpful
Iodine preparation is essential for treating hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules! Life Extension's iodine source is excellent at a large dose of 1000 mcg. Studies recommend 800-1000 mcg to maintain optimal immunity. Prior to starting iodine, ensure you prepare your thyroid with selenium for a month to enhance absorption. Thanks to this supplement, I no longer feel pulling sensations in my thyroid while eating, and my mood has improved significantly.
Read More
9
Mental clarity restored
14 people found this helpful
I decided to try this product. Although my thyroid test results were normal, I felt like I had experienced hypothyroidism: I had mental fog and chronic fatigue. After a week of use, I noticed the fog lifted and I woke up energised. A wonderful change!
Read More
9
Normal TSH levels
9 people found this helpful
This product has been very beneficial for my hypothyroidism. My high TSH levels have normalised, and I feel energised.
Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that occurs when the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play a critical role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development. When hormone levels drop, it can lead to a slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, depression, and a host of other symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life.
The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, certain medications, radiation treatment, or iodine deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. Treatment primarily includes hormone replacement therapy, with synthetic thyroid hormones such as levothyroxine being the most common form of treatment. With proper management, individuals with hypothyroidism can lead normal, healthy lives by ensuring they receive the necessary hormones their bodies need to function optimally.
Kelp is a type of large, brown seaweed that thrives in underwater forests in shallow ocean waters, particularly in nutrient-rich areas along coastlines. This fast-growing marine plant can reach lengths of up to 150 feet and is often found in rocky, coastal regions where it plays a crucial role in the marine ecosystem. Kelp not only provides habitat and food for a diverse range of sea life, including fish, sea otters, and various invertebrates, but it also helps to stabilize the sea floor and reduce coastal erosion.
In addition to its ecological importance, kelp has gained popularity in culinary and health circles due to its nutritional benefits. It's rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, often being used in salads, soups, and as a seasoning in various dishes. Kelp is also used in the production of alginates, which are thickening agents found in many food products and cosmetics. This versatile seaweed offers a sustainable resource for both the environment and the food industry, making it an essential component of both marine and human health.
Kelp, a type of seaweed rich in iodine, has garnered attention for its potential role in supporting thyroid health, especially for individuals with hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce hormones that regulate metabolism, and a deficiency can lead to hypothyroid symptoms. As kelp is naturally high in iodine, some proponents suggest that incorporating it into your diet may help alleviate these symptoms. However, it's important to approach this remedy with caution; excessive iodine intake can also have negative effects, potentially aggravating thyroid issues.
Before considering kelp as a supplement for hypothyroidism, it’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific health needs and monitor your iodine levels to prevent imbalances. Moreover, while kelp might offer potential benefits as part of a balanced diet, it should not be viewed as a substitute for conventional treatments prescribed for hypothyroidism. Maintaining open communication with your doctor will help ensure that you receive a comprehensive approach to managing your condition.
Based on user reviews, individuals taking iodine supplements for hypothyroidism typically begin to notice results within a few days to a couple of months. Some users report improvements as quickly as two days, specifically mentioning reductions in swelling and other symptoms associated with hypothyroidism Read Review. Others indicate that significant changes, such as a decrease in TSH levels and increased energy levels, generally occur within one to two months of consistent use Read ReviewRead Review.
For instance, one user shared that after approximately two months, their TSH levels dropped considerably, which they attributed to the iodine supplement Read Review. Additionally, a review noted that after one month of taking the supplement, positive changes in thyroid function were recognized Read Review. It's important to keep in mind that individual results can vary, and users are advised to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance regarding dosage and monitoring.
The evidence supporting the use of kelp and iodine supplementation for hypothyroidism is compelling, particularly in cases linked to iodine deficiency. A study focusing on a child with severe hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency highlighted that administering a kelp supplement successfully corrected his condition [2]. Similarly, in another research involving patients on long-term enteral nutrition, introducing powdered kelp led to significant improvements in thyroid function and normalized urinary iodine concentrations among them [3]. These findings suggest that kelp could be an effective natural source of iodine for those experiencing thyroid issues related to low iodine intake.
While the results so far are promising, it’s important to note that many of these studies are limited in scope. For instance, while one study illustrated the benefits of daily powdered kelp over three years in patients with iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism, broader studies are needed to further ascertain the supplement's effectiveness and safety for the general population. Moreover, excessive iodine intake may also have negative implications for thyroid health, as indicated by another study that connected high iodine levels with increased risk of hypothyroidism [7]. Thus, while kelp may be a beneficial option for certain individuals, careful consideration and further research are required to establish its role in managing hypothyroidism comprehensively.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported significant improvements in their symptoms related to hypothyroidism after taking iodine supplements. Users have experienced benefits such as increased energy levels, reduction in hair loss, and enhanced mood. For instance, one user noted that after just three days of taking the supplement, they felt more energetic, and their hair stopped falling out Read Review. Others have highlighted improvements in overall thyroid function, with one reviewer sharing a dramatic drop in TSH levels from 4.3 to 1.8 after two months of use Read Review.
Additionally, some users have reported a decrease in physical symptoms related to hypothyroidism, such as swelling and brain fog. For instance, one reviewer experienced a decrease in facial swelling and fluid retention after only two days of use Read Review. Another noted that their mental clarity and energy improved significantly within a week of starting the supplement Read Review. However, it’s essential to remember that individual results can vary, and consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement is advisable.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining this iodine supplement with other dietary supplements to manage hypothyroidism. Many individuals emphasize the importance of pairing iodine with selenium, zinc, or Vitamin D to enhance its effectiveness and support thyroid health. For instance, one user shared that their TSH levels dropped significantly after taking iodine alongside selenium and zinc, noting considerable improvements in their symptoms Read Review. Another reviewer mentioned combining iodine with selenium and vitamin E, which also led to a decrease in their TSH levels Read Review.
Some users highlight the necessity of consulting with healthcare professionals before starting any regimen that includes multiple supplements to avoid potential interactions and ensure the correct dosages. The feedback indicates that while iodine is essential for thyroid function, its efficacy appears to be enhanced when integrated with these additional nutrients Read Review. Overall, the collective insights suggest users advocate for a strategic approach to supplementing, combining iodine with selenium and possibly other supportive nutrients to foster optimal thyroid health.
The optimal dose of kelp for treating hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of iodine deficiency, appears to be between 1-2 grams of powdered kelp daily. Research showed that this dosage was effective in restoring thyroid function and normalizing iodine levels in patients who had been on long-term enteral nutrition with very low iodine intake [4]. Furthermore, a case study indicated the successful correction of severe hypothyroidism in a child due to iodine deficiency following the administration of a kelp supplement, underscoring kelp's potential as a natural source of iodine [2].
While these findings are promising, it's important to recognize that individual needs may vary, and further studies are essential to establish more conclusive guidelines. If you’re considering kelp for thyroid support, consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the appropriate dosage tailored to your specific condition and dietary context.
9
Swelling reduction
5 people found this helpful
I must be cautious with iodine due to my thyroid issues, but it's crucial for hypothyroidism as it aids hormone production. When I experience a relapse of uncompensated hypothyroidism, I swell greatly. However, after just two days of taking iodine, I notice a marked reduction in facial swelling. Ultimately, the fluid retention diminishes across my body. This product is now integral to my routine, taken in cycles throughout the year. I've been using it for over a year and truly appreciate its benefits. Hypo girls, consider this!
9
TSH levels decreased
5 people found this helpful
I have been using this for two months (one daily) for my hypothyroidism, and my TSH dropped from 4.3 to 1.8! It’s amazing! In addition to iodine, I also took zinc and selenium supplements. I’m now onto my second bottle of iodine. Just a caution: if you have Hashimoto's, iodine is not recommended. I ensured my thyroid antibodies were negative before starting; my hypothyroidism isn’t autoimmune. Good luck!
7.5
TTG levels decreased
3 people found this helpful
An alternative to Iodomarin👍 I took this iodine for my daughter who has hypothyroidism, giving her one capsule each morning after breakfast. Alongside iodine, she also took selenium, tyrosine, and zinc to support her thyroid. After two months, her TSH decreased from 5 to 2. We're very pleased with the results, and we now take this iodine twice yearly to prevent iodine deficiency. One jar suffices for three months.
9
Thyroid normalised
3 people found this helpful
I started taking iodine after my ultrasound in October 2019 indicated my thyroid was much smaller and nearing hypothyroidism. My TSH was slightly high. I initially took 150 mcg, but increased it to 200 mcg with selenium. After intermittent use for a year, my thyroid size returned to normal based on my ultrasound in November 2020, and my TSH levels are now well within the normal range. I feel great!
9
Immediate energy boost
221 people found this helpful
Very effective iodine. After just three days on one capsule, my hair stopped falling out, and I instantly felt more energetic with fewer headaches. I've reordered, as this iodine is far superior to Iodomarin. I’ve also started my mother on it for her subclinical hypothyroidism. It's effective, but the dose is high; for prophylactic use, one capsule weekly may suffice. Organic iodine gets absorbed precisely, preventing overdose.
9
Mental clarity restored
14 people found this helpful
I decided to try this product. Although my thyroid test results were normal, I felt like I had experienced hypothyroidism: I had mental fog and chronic fatigue. After a week of use, I noticed the fog lifted and I woke up energised. A wonderful change!
9
TSH decreased
1 people found this helpful
Excellent organic iodine! I take it with selenium and vitamin E from the same brand. My TSH has decreased, and my subclinical hypothyroidism has receded without hormones. I've also included vitamin D in my regime.
7.5
Mood improved significantly
32 people found this helpful
Iodine preparation is essential for treating hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules! Life Extension's iodine source is excellent at a large dose of 1000 mcg. Studies recommend 800-1000 mcg to maintain optimal immunity. Prior to starting iodine, ensure you prepare your thyroid with selenium for a month to enhance absorption. Thanks to this supplement, I no longer feel pulling sensations in my thyroid while eating, and my mood has improved significantly.
9
Kelp effective for iodine deficiency
Acquired hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency in an American child.
We examined a unique case of a 9-year-old boy who developed severe hypothyroidism from iodine deficiency, likely caused by a restrictive diet. In a quick intervention, we administered a kelp supplement, which effectively corrected both his hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency.
This case highlights the potential benefits of using kelp as a natural iodine source, particularly in situations where dietary restrictions may lead to deficiencies. However, this is a singular report, so broader studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
8
Kelp improves thyroid health in patients
Investigation of iodine deficient state and iodine supplementation in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities on long-term total enteral nutrition.
We examined the impact of iodine deficiency and supplementation using powdered kelp in patients facing severe motor and intellectual disabilities who rely on long-term enteral nutrition. Out of thirty-five participants, an overwhelming 97% showed signs of iodine deficiency, with many showing elevated TSH levels indicating possible hypothyroidism.
Remarkably, after introducing kelp as an iodine supplement, we observed a significant improvement. Urinary iodine concentrations normalized, and thyroid function improved in those diagnosed with hypothyroidism. This highlights the crucial role of iodine in supporting thyroid health, especially for individuals on prolonged nutritional therapies.
4
Iodine excess linked to hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism induced by excessive-iodine is associated in humans with altered hsa-miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α axis and thyroglobulin.
In our exploration of how excessive iodine affects hypothyroidism, we focused on a cohort of 291 patients diagnosed with the condition and matched controls to draw meaningful insights. The study revealed that water iodine levels over 100 µg/L could be a significant risk factor for developing hypothyroidism, indicating that too much iodine might actually harm thyroid function.
Interestingly, we noted a connection between high iodine levels and increased thyroglobulin concentrations, which plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone production. Our high-throughput miRNA analysis pointed to several miRNAs, particularly hsa-miR-199a-5p, as crucial players in the onset of hypothyroidism. In our findings, levels of hsa-miR-199a-5p were significantly lower in those with hypothyroidism compared to healthy controls.
Furthermore, we observed that individuals exposed to higher iodine levels (over 100 µg/L) had different miRNA expressions than those in the moderate range (10-100 µg/L). Additionally, we found elevated levels of the target gene HIF-1α in those with hypothyroidism, suggesting that the miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α pathway may be involved in the impact of excessive iodine on thyroid health. These results suggest that while iodine is essential, too much can lead to thyroid issues by affecting key regulatory pathways.
9
Kelp effectively treats iodine deficiency
Treatment of Hypothyroidism due to Iodine Deficiency Using Daily Powdered Kelp in Patients Receiving Long-term Total Enteral Nutrition.
We explored the impact of daily powdered kelp on thyroid function in seven patients suffering from hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency. After three years of total enteral nutrition with very low iodine intake, these patients showed significant thyroid issues and very low urinary iodine concentrations.
Administering 1-2 grams of powdered kelp daily led to restored thyroid function and normalized iodine levels in their urine, indicating that kelp can be a safe and effective treatment in this context.
References
Mohibbullah M, Bashir KMI, Kim SK, Hong YK, Kim A, et al. Protective effects of a mixed plant extracts derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Laminaria japonica on PTU-induced hypothyroidism and liver damages. J Food Biochem. 2019;43:e12853. 10.1111/jfbc.12853
Brooks MJ, Post EM. Acquired hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency in an American child. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014;27:1233. 10.1515/jpem-2014-0226
Takeuchi T, Kamasaki H, Yoto Y, Honjo T, Tsugawa S, et al. Investigation of iodine deficient state and iodine supplementation in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities on long-term total enteral nutrition. Endocr J. 2012;59:697.
Takeuchi T, Kamasaki H, Hotsubo T, Tsutsumi H. Treatment of Hypothyroidism due to Iodine Deficiency Using Daily Powdered Kelp in Patients Receiving Long-term Total Enteral Nutrition. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2011;20:51. 10.1297/cpe.20.51
Waśniowska J, Piątkowska E, Pawlicki P, Smoleń S, Kopeć A, et al. Comparative Analysis of Iodine Levels, Biochemical Responses, and Thyroid Gene Expression in Rats Fed Diets with Kale Biofortified with 5,7-Diiodo-8-Quinolinol. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26. 10.3390/ijms26020822
Cox SE, Wakeling J, Hall T, Williams TL. Survival of radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats that are euthyroid and hypothyroid after treatment, and effect of levothyroxine supplementation on survival time of cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism. J Vet Intern Med. 2025;39:e17295. 10.1111/jvim.17295
He J, Dong Y, Chen X, Wang S, Shen Z, et al. Hypothyroidism induced by excessive-iodine is associated in humans with altered hsa-miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α axis and thyroglobulin. J Nutr Biochem. 2025;138:109841. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109841
Seetharaman S, Sasidharan Pillai S, Ganta A, Millington K, Quintos JB, et al. Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?. AACE Clin Case Rep. 2024;10:236. 10.1016/j.aace.2024.08.003
Chielens L, Nauwynck E, Bourgeois S, Staels W, Vanbesien J, et al. A Belgian single centre outcome study of radioiodine treatment in adolescents with Graves' disease. Sci Rep. 2024;14:31063. 10.1038/s41598-024-82052-z
Belaid S, Raghu V, Alissa F, Rudolph J. Long lasting effect of intramuscular iodine injection in the treatment of goiter in an intestinal failure patient with complete entero-colectomy. JPGN Rep. 2024;5:561. 10.1002/jpr3.12117