We explored how melatonin can protect the esophagus from reflux esophagitis (RE), a condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, often causing painful inflammation. In our research with rats, we found that melatonin pretreatment resulted in significantly fewer bleeding lesions and lower levels of harmful lipid peroxidation typically caused by RE.
Additionally, melatonin helped replenish important antioxidants in the esophagus, suggesting its potential to neutralize free radicals that contribute to tissue damage. As we delved into the immune response, we observed that melatonin decreased the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-alpha and IL-6, while keeping the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 steady.
Interestingly, when we tested a melatonin receptor blocker, luzindole, we discovered that this approach did not hinder melatonin's protective effects. This indicates that melatonin works its magic in a receptor-independent way as well, not just through its antioxidant properties but also by modulating inflammation. Overall, we found that melatonin could be a beneficial ally for those suffering from reflux esophagitis, providing insights for future treatment strategies.
Read More
8
Melatonin protects esophageal barriers
Melatonin protects the esophageal epithelial barrier by suppressing the transcription, expression and activity of myosin light chain kinase through ERK1/2 signal transduction.
We investigated how melatonin impacts the esophageal barrier, particularly in the context of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our research revealed that dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) contribute to reflux issues, where melatonin appears to offer protective benefits.
Through several experiments, including the evaluation of esophageal epithelial samples from GERD patients using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that melatonin significantly helped maintain the integrity of the esophageal barrier. We noted that melatonin reduced the activity of a protein called myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is linked to maintaining cell connections.
Additionally, our tests with the Het-1A cell line showed that when pretreated with melatonin, these cells displayed improved barrier functions against acid exposure. Both the permeability of the cells and the activity of MLCK decreased, indicating melatonin's protective mechanism operates through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
These findings suggest that melatonin could be a valuable addition to treatment options for those suffering from GERD, offering a potential way to protect esophageal health and reduce symptoms effectively.
Read More
8
Melatonin's protective role identified
Melatonin Regulates lncRNA NEAT1/miR-138-5p/HIF-1α Axis through MOV10 to Affect Acid-Related Esophageal Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis.
We explored the impact of melatonin (MT) on inflammation in the esophagus, specifically in the context of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is often linked to acid-related damage. Our study delved into how melatonin might influence the cellular processes involved when the esophagus becomes inflamed due to acid exposure.
Using a model that mimicked the acidic environment induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA), we observed changes in the activities of several important proteins and molecules related to inflammatory responses. Notably, the study revealed that melatonin seems to work by modulating a specific axis involving molecules such as MOV10, lncRNA NEAT1, and HIF-1α, which are all significant players in the body’s inflammatory processes.
We found that in the presence of DCA, levels of inflammatory markers increased, while the levels of protective miR-138-5p decreased. Melatonin treatment notably reversed these trends, suggesting that it may offer protective effects against esophageal damage by inhibiting these inflammatory pathways. Overall, our findings highlight melatonin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing acid-induced esophageal inflammation.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
4
Helps with reflux
1 people found this helpful
If you struggle to fall asleep, melatonin can definitely help. It’s best taken half an hour before bed, and over time, your body will build a tolerance. I find that it decreases esophagus pressure, which is beneficial for those of us dealing with acid reflux at night. I usually feel well-rested the next day when taking 3mg. However, be cautious with dosage and timing. The taste is bland, but options like gummies are available.
Read More
7.5
Improvement noted
I’m a fan of Natrol products and normally take 1 mg of melatonin for sleep. However, I read that 5 mg for 30 days can help with reflux, and I experienced significant improvement. I'd definitely recommend it, but I suggest researching it first.
Read More
6
Effective for reflux
I bought this after seeing it featured on a Paleo blog, as it's claimed to be beneficial for sleep and reflux esophagitis. I'm trying it for my mother, who suffers from reflux esophagitis.
Is the Addition of Sublingual Melatonin to Omeprazole Superior to Omeprazole Alone in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms: A Clinical Trial.
We explored whether adding sublingual melatonin to the common reflux medication omeprazole could enhance symptom relief for individuals suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this randomized double-blind clinical trial involving 78 patients, half received omeprazole along with melatonin, while the other half had omeprazole with a placebo.
After four weeks of treatment, we observed significant improvements in the melatonin group. Participants reported reductions in heartburn and epigastric pain, contributing to a lower score on the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD. Additionally, quality of life assessments indicated a notable enhancement for those taking melatonin compared to those on placebo.
Importantly, we found that adverse events were similar between the two groups, with no serious side effects reported. These findings suggest that sublingual melatonin may indeed offer valuable benefits alongside traditional proton pump inhibitors in managing GERD symptoms more effectively.
Read More
9
Melatonin reduces reflux damage
Esophagoprotection mediated by exogenous and endogenous melatonin in an experimental model of reflux esophagitis.
We explored the role of melatonin in protecting the esophagus from damage caused by acid reflux. Our study compared melatonin, both from supplements and the amino acid L-tryptophan, to common treatments like pantoprazole and ranitidine. The research utilized a model of reflux esophagitis in rats, where we induced gastric reflux and then observed the impact of our treatments on esophageal damage.
Just four hours post-reflux induction, we noted significant mucosal damage, accompanied by swelling and an influx of white blood cells. Notably, both melatonin and L-tryptophan led to a reduction in the extent of lesions and improved blood flow to the esophagus. Furthermore, when plasma melatonin levels were lowered through pineal gland removal, the damage worsened. However, administering melatonin or L-tryptophan helped mitigate this effect.
We also found that blocking melatonin's action with a specific receptor antagonist negated these protective effects. Additional experiments showed that factors associated with inflammation were reduced with melatonin's use, suggesting it not only protects the tissue but also decreases harmful inflammatory responses. Overall, we concluded that melatonin effectively safeguards against acid reflux-induced damage by triggering specific bodily responses that enhance tissue health and reduce inflammation.
Read More
9
Melatonin reduces reflux esophagitis damage
Melatonin protects against experimental reflux esophagitis.
We explored how melatonin can protect the esophagus from reflux esophagitis (RE), a condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, often causing painful inflammation. In our research with rats, we found that melatonin pretreatment resulted in significantly fewer bleeding lesions and lower levels of harmful lipid peroxidation typically caused by RE.
Additionally, melatonin helped replenish important antioxidants in the esophagus, suggesting its potential to neutralize free radicals that contribute to tissue damage. As we delved into the immune response, we observed that melatonin decreased the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-alpha and IL-6, while keeping the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 steady.
Interestingly, when we tested a melatonin receptor blocker, luzindole, we discovered that this approach did not hinder melatonin's protective effects. This indicates that melatonin works its magic in a receptor-independent way as well, not just through its antioxidant properties but also by modulating inflammation. Overall, we found that melatonin could be a beneficial ally for those suffering from reflux esophagitis, providing insights for future treatment strategies.
Read More
9
Melatonin shows promise for GERD
Melatonin for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
We looked into the potential of melatonin as a treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The research highlighted how melatonin, produced in greater quantities by our gut than the pineal gland, plays a vital role in gastrointestinal (GI) health. In some animal studies, melatonin has proven to protect against esophageal lesions and can assist with other digestive issues.
In a clinical trial, combining melatonin with other natural supplements outperformed a common heartburn medication called omeprazole. However, the unique impact of melatonin alone had not been specifically tested before. We followed a 64-year-old woman who wished to move away from prescription medications due to osteoporosis concerns. She had experienced recurring GERD symptoms after trying to stop using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
We observed that after a 40-day course of a mixture including 6 mg of melatonin, she could discontinue her PPI without any symptoms returning. Interestingly, reducing her melatonin dosage led to a return of symptoms, suggesting it was essential for her relief. This study indicates that melatonin, especially when combined with supportive nutrients, may be significant in managing GERD symptoms. Yet, since this was part of a blend, we can't say with absolute certainty how much of the success came strictly from melatonin alone.
Read More
8
Melatonin's protective role identified
Melatonin Regulates lncRNA NEAT1/miR-138-5p/HIF-1α Axis through MOV10 to Affect Acid-Related Esophageal Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis.
We explored the impact of melatonin (MT) on inflammation in the esophagus, specifically in the context of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is often linked to acid-related damage. Our study delved into how melatonin might influence the cellular processes involved when the esophagus becomes inflamed due to acid exposure.
Using a model that mimicked the acidic environment induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA), we observed changes in the activities of several important proteins and molecules related to inflammatory responses. Notably, the study revealed that melatonin seems to work by modulating a specific axis involving molecules such as MOV10, lncRNA NEAT1, and HIF-1α, which are all significant players in the body’s inflammatory processes.
We found that in the presence of DCA, levels of inflammatory markers increased, while the levels of protective miR-138-5p decreased. Melatonin treatment notably reversed these trends, suggesting that it may offer protective effects against esophageal damage by inhibiting these inflammatory pathways. Overall, our findings highlight melatonin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing acid-induced esophageal inflammation.
If you struggle to fall asleep, melatonin can definitely help. It’s best taken half an hour before bed, and over time, your body will build a tolerance. I find that it decreases esophagus pressure, which is beneficial for those of us dealing with acid reflux at night. I usually feel well-rested the next day when taking 3mg. However, be cautious with dosage and timing. The taste is bland, but options like gummies are available.
Read More
7.5
Improvement noted
I’m a fan of Natrol products and normally take 1 mg of melatonin for sleep. However, I read that 5 mg for 30 days can help with reflux, and I experienced significant improvement. I'd definitely recommend it, but I suggest researching it first.
Read More
6
Effective for reflux
I bought this after seeing it featured on a Paleo blog, as it's claimed to be beneficial for sleep and reflux esophagitis. I'm trying it for my mother, who suffers from reflux esophagitis.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflux, medically known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This backflow can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. Reflux can affect people of all ages and may be triggered or worsened by factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, and certain medications. While occasional reflux is common and often manageable with lifestyle changes, chronic reflux can lead to more serious complications if not properly treated.
Managing reflux typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications—such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and maintaining a healthy weight—and, in some cases, medication to reduce stomach acid production. In more severe cases, surgical options may be considered. If you suspect you have reflux or experience frequent symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain, primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. It is often referred to as the "sleep hormone" because its levels typically rise in the evening, signaling to your body that it’s time to prepare for sleep. Conversely, melatonin levels tend to drop in the morning, helping to wake you up and feel alert. Factors such as light exposure, age, and lifestyle can affect melatonin production, which is why many people turn to melatonin supplements as a natural remedy for insomnia and sleep disorders.
Melatonin supplements can be particularly useful for those who have disrupted sleep patterns, such as shift workers or travelers experiencing jet lag. Available in various forms, including tablets and gummies, melatonin is widely regarded as a safe option for short-term use. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications. While melatonin can be effective in promoting sleep, its efficacy can vary between individuals, and establishing good sleep hygiene practices, like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a comfortable sleep environment, can also significantly contribute to better sleep quality.
Based on user reviews, the time it typically takes to see results from this supplement for reflux may vary, but many users report experiencing significant improvement within a month of consistent use. For example, one user noted that after taking 5 mg for 30 days, they experienced noticeable relief from reflux symptoms Read Review.
Another user mentioned trying the supplement for a family member dealing with reflux esophagitis, indicating a hopeful outlook on its potential benefits, though they did not specify a timeline Read Review. While individual experiences may vary, a 30-day period seems to be a common timeframe for users to evaluate effectiveness.
Multiple studies suggest that melatonin may indeed be beneficial for individuals suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Research indicates that adding melatonin to conventional treatment regimens, such as omeprazole, can enhance symptom relief significantly, as demonstrated in a randomized trial where participants reported improvements in heartburn and overall quality of life ([1]). Additionally, melatonin has been shown to possess antioxidant properties and the potential to protect esophageal tissues from damage caused by acid reflux, thus reducing inflammation and shortening healing times for esophageal injuries ([14], [4]).
Moreover, melatonin’s influence on esophageal health extends to enhancing barrier functions and mitigating inflammatory responses linked to reflux conditions ([5], [8]). While these findings are promising, it's essential to acknowledge that some studies call for more rigorous clinical trials to confirm long-term efficacy and safety before melatonin can be deemed a standard part of GERD treatment regimens ([9]). Overall, melatonin appears to hold potential as a supportive treatment for reflux symptoms, particularly when used in conjunction with traditional therapies.
Users have reported noticeable improvements in their symptoms after using the supplement for reflux. For instance, one user highlighted significant enhancement in their reflux symptoms after taking 5 mg daily for 30 days, expressing satisfaction with the results and recommending it to others Read Review. Another user is currently trying the supplement for a family member dealing with reflux esophagitis, indicating positive expectations based on claims they encountered in health discussions Read Review.
While these anecdotal experiences suggest beneficial outcomes, it's important to remember that individual results can vary significantly, and what works for one person may differ for another. As always, consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen is a wise step.
Users report varying experiences when it comes to the optimal dose of melatonin for treating reflux. One user recommends a higher dose of 5 mg taken for 30 days, stating that they experienced significant improvement in their reflux symptoms after increasing from their usual 1 mg for sleep (Read Review). Meanwhile, another user mentions the product's potential benefits for reflux esophagitis, although they do not specify a dose (Read Review).
Overall, while there is no consensus on a perfect dosage among users, higher doses like 5 mg may offer notable relief for some individuals. As always, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before making any adjustments to your dosage.
7.5
Improvement noted
I’m a fan of Natrol products and normally take 1 mg of melatonin for sleep. However, I read that 5 mg for 30 days can help with reflux, and I experienced significant improvement. I'd definitely recommend it, but I suggest researching it first.
6
Effective for reflux
I bought this after seeing it featured on a Paleo blog, as it's claimed to be beneficial for sleep and reflux esophagitis. I'm trying it for my mother, who suffers from reflux esophagitis.
9
Melatonin enhances GERD treatment effectiveness
Is the Addition of Sublingual Melatonin to Omeprazole Superior to Omeprazole Alone in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms: A Clinical Trial.
We explored whether adding sublingual melatonin to the common reflux medication omeprazole could enhance symptom relief for individuals suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this randomized double-blind clinical trial involving 78 patients, half received omeprazole along with melatonin, while the other half had omeprazole with a placebo.
After four weeks of treatment, we observed significant improvements in the melatonin group. Participants reported reductions in heartburn and epigastric pain, contributing to a lower score on the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD. Additionally, quality of life assessments indicated a notable enhancement for those taking melatonin compared to those on placebo.
Importantly, we found that adverse events were similar between the two groups, with no serious side effects reported. These findings suggest that sublingual melatonin may indeed offer valuable benefits alongside traditional proton pump inhibitors in managing GERD symptoms more effectively.
9
Melatonin reduces reflux esophagitis damage
Melatonin protects against experimental reflux esophagitis.
We explored how melatonin can protect the esophagus from reflux esophagitis (RE), a condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, often causing painful inflammation. In our research with rats, we found that melatonin pretreatment resulted in significantly fewer bleeding lesions and lower levels of harmful lipid peroxidation typically caused by RE.
Additionally, melatonin helped replenish important antioxidants in the esophagus, suggesting its potential to neutralize free radicals that contribute to tissue damage. As we delved into the immune response, we observed that melatonin decreased the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-alpha and IL-6, while keeping the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 steady.
Interestingly, when we tested a melatonin receptor blocker, luzindole, we discovered that this approach did not hinder melatonin's protective effects. This indicates that melatonin works its magic in a receptor-independent way as well, not just through its antioxidant properties but also by modulating inflammation. Overall, we found that melatonin could be a beneficial ally for those suffering from reflux esophagitis, providing insights for future treatment strategies.
8
Melatonin's protective esophageal effects
Melatonin in Prevention of the Sequence from Reflux Esophagitis to Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Experimental and Clinical Perspectives.
We explored how melatonin, a well-known "sleep" hormone, can play a significant role in protecting our esophagus from damage caused by acid reflux. Melatonin is not just vital for sleep; it also acts as a defender against harmful substances and oxidative stress.
The research delves into melatonin's potential to provide both short-term and long-term protection against conditions associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus. We found that melatonin not only helps alleviate acute reflux symptoms but may also help in preventing chronic inflammation, which is a catalyst for more severe health concerns, including esophageal cancer.
Furthermore, the evidence suggests that melatonin supplementation might be beneficial for those suffering from GERD, as it shows promise in reducing esophageal damage and even preventing the progression to more serious conditions. The study indicates that this hormone operates throughout the body, aiding in various bodily functions and also ensuring its protective effects reach the esophagus efficiently.
Overall, our findings shine a light on the therapeutic potential of melatonin in tackling reflux and related esophageal disorders, suggesting that it could be a valuable addition to treatment options.
8
Melatonin protects esophageal barriers
Melatonin protects the esophageal epithelial barrier by suppressing the transcription, expression and activity of myosin light chain kinase through ERK1/2 signal transduction.
We investigated how melatonin impacts the esophageal barrier, particularly in the context of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our research revealed that dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) contribute to reflux issues, where melatonin appears to offer protective benefits.
Through several experiments, including the evaluation of esophageal epithelial samples from GERD patients using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that melatonin significantly helped maintain the integrity of the esophageal barrier. We noted that melatonin reduced the activity of a protein called myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is linked to maintaining cell connections.
Additionally, our tests with the Het-1A cell line showed that when pretreated with melatonin, these cells displayed improved barrier functions against acid exposure. Both the permeability of the cells and the activity of MLCK decreased, indicating melatonin's protective mechanism operates through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
These findings suggest that melatonin could be a valuable addition to treatment options for those suffering from GERD, offering a potential way to protect esophageal health and reduce symptoms effectively.
9
Melatonin reduces reflux damage
Esophagoprotection mediated by exogenous and endogenous melatonin in an experimental model of reflux esophagitis.
We explored the role of melatonin in protecting the esophagus from damage caused by acid reflux. Our study compared melatonin, both from supplements and the amino acid L-tryptophan, to common treatments like pantoprazole and ranitidine. The research utilized a model of reflux esophagitis in rats, where we induced gastric reflux and then observed the impact of our treatments on esophageal damage.
Just four hours post-reflux induction, we noted significant mucosal damage, accompanied by swelling and an influx of white blood cells. Notably, both melatonin and L-tryptophan led to a reduction in the extent of lesions and improved blood flow to the esophagus. Furthermore, when plasma melatonin levels were lowered through pineal gland removal, the damage worsened. However, administering melatonin or L-tryptophan helped mitigate this effect.
We also found that blocking melatonin's action with a specific receptor antagonist negated these protective effects. Additional experiments showed that factors associated with inflammation were reduced with melatonin's use, suggesting it not only protects the tissue but also decreases harmful inflammatory responses. Overall, we concluded that melatonin effectively safeguards against acid reflux-induced damage by triggering specific bodily responses that enhance tissue health and reduce inflammation.
4
Investigating melatonin for GERD
Does a melatonin supplement alter the course of gastro-esophageal reflux disease?
We explored how melatonin supplements might impact patients suffering from gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). This common condition is not just a discomfort; it can lead to serious complications like esophageal injuries, Barrett's esophagus, and even an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Previous animal studies suggested that melatonin could protect the esophagus from damage caused by acid and bile. However, to date, we need more research focused on humans to confirm if melatonin can indeed offer the same protective benefits for those experiencing GERD.
The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing studies to discover whether melatonin could be an effective part of GERD treatment, potentially shielding patients from erosions and other severe complications. As we continue this journey, we remain hopeful for promising results in future trials.
References
Malekpour H, Noori A, Abdi S, Abbasinazari M, Mahboubi A, et al. Is the Addition of Sublingual Melatonin to Omeprazole Superior to Omeprazole Alone in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms: A Clinical Trial. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34:1206. doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.23021
Scaramozzino MU, Festa M, Levi G, Plastina UR, Sapone G. Correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease lung volumes and exacerbation of bronchial asthma: Italian pilot observational retrospective study GERDAS. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2023;94. doi:10.4081/monaldi.2023.2640
Su X, Li W, Zhang D, Zhu H. Melatonin Regulates lncRNA NEAT1/miR-138-5p/HIF-1α Axis through MOV10 to Affect Acid-Related Esophageal Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis. Pharmacology. 2023;108:344. doi:10.1159/000530090
Majka J, Wierdak M, Brzozowska I, Magierowski M, Szlachcic A, et al. Melatonin in Prevention of the Sequence from Reflux Esophagitis to Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Experimental and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19. doi:10.3390/ijms19072033
Tan J, Wang Y, Xia Y, Zhang N, Sun X, et al. Melatonin protects the esophageal epithelial barrier by suppressing the transcription, expression and activity of myosin light chain kinase through ERK1/2 signal transduction. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;34:2117. doi:10.1159/000369656
Zayachkivska O, Pshyk-Titko I, Hrycevych N, Savytska M. New insight into oseophageal injury and protection in physiologically relevant animal models. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;65:295.
Brzozowska I, Strzalka M, Drozdowicz D, Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T. Mechanisms of esophageal protection, gastroprotection and ulcer healing by melatonin. implications for the therapeutic use of melatonin in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20:4807.
Konturek PC, Brzozowska I, Targosz A, Pawlik M, Kania J, et al. Esophagoprotection mediated by exogenous and endogenous melatonin in an experimental model of reflux esophagitis. J Pineal Res. 2013;55:46. doi:10.1111/jpi.12048
Madalinski MH. Does a melatonin supplement alter the course of gastro-esophageal reflux disease?. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2011;2:50. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v2.i6.50
Singh P, Singh N, Palit G. Analysing the role of COX-2 in acute oesophagitis and in melatonin-exerted protection against experimental reflux oesophagitis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;63:1572. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01358.x
Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Gut clock: implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;62:139.
Singh P, Singh N, Ahmad A, Singh O, Palit G. Melatonin independent protective role of l-tryptophan in experimental reflux esophagitis in rats. Pharmacol Res. 2011;64:249. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.04.004
Kandil TS, Mousa AA, El-Gendy AA, Abbas AM. The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010;10:7. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-10-7
Lahiri S, Singh P, Singh S, Rasheed N, Palit G, et al. Melatonin protects against experimental reflux esophagitis. J Pineal Res. 2009;46:207. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00650.x
Werbach MR. Melatonin for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Altern Ther Health Med. 2008;14:54.
Han CH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Shin OR, Lee HK, et al. Protective effects of cranberries on infection-induced oxidative renal damage in a rabbit model of vesico-ureteric reflux. BJU Int. 2007;100:1172.